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The influence of different methods of under-vine management on the structure of vegetation and the qualitative parameters of the grapes in the Moravian wine region Cover

The influence of different methods of under-vine management on the structure of vegetation and the qualitative parameters of the grapes in the Moravian wine region

Open Access
|Jul 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Meteorological conditions of the experimental site.
Meteorological conditions of the experimental site.

Figure 2.

Different under-vine treatments. (MECH, bare soil cultivated mechanically; HERB, bare soil with herbicide application; TEX, under-vine belt covered by black woven agrotextile; MULCH, green mulch – mowed grass; MONO, cover crop – monoculture; MIX, cover crop – mixture of plants).
Different under-vine treatments. (MECH, bare soil cultivated mechanically; HERB, bare soil with herbicide application; TEX, under-vine belt covered by black woven agrotextile; MULCH, green mulch – mowed grass; MONO, cover crop – monoculture; MIX, cover crop – mixture of plants).

Figure 3.

Graphical evaluation of NDVI in different treatments. NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index.
Graphical evaluation of NDVI in different treatments. NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index.

Figure 4.

Under-vine area covered by green vegetation (2022).
Under-vine area covered by green vegetation (2022).

Figure 5.

Ratio (2-year average) of selected plant groups coverage (Fabaceae, Poaceae, noxious weeds and the rest of dicotyledonous) per three evaluation terms.
Ratio (2-year average) of selected plant groups coverage (Fabaceae, Poaceae, noxious weeds and the rest of dicotyledonous) per three evaluation terms.

Figure 6.

Ordination diagram of CCA, describing the distribution of three categories of plant species and their coverage in the six different treatments (pseudo-F = 10.1, p = 0.002). CCA, canonical correlation analysis.
Ordination diagram of CCA, describing the distribution of three categories of plant species and their coverage in the six different treatments (pseudo-F = 10.1, p = 0.002). CCA, canonical correlation analysis.

Figure 7.

Botanical assessment of vegetation (A – number of species; B – number of families; C – number of Fabaceae; D – number of Poaceae; E – number of noxious weeds). LSD, least significant difference.
Botanical assessment of vegetation (A – number of species; B – number of families; C – number of Fabaceae; D – number of Poaceae; E – number of noxious weeds). LSD, least significant difference.

Coverage rate of each plant species in six under-vine treatments during three evaluation terms (July, August and September) in years 2021 and 2022_

FamilySpeciesCategory*JULY 2021AUGUST 2021SEPTEMBER 2021
MECHHERBTEXMULCHMONOMIXMECHHERBTEXMULCHMONOMIXMECHHERBTEXMULCHMONOMIX
AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus blitoides S. Watson1
Amaranthus retroflexus L.210 7154 21 15204313107
Atriplex patula L.2
Chenopodium album L.361 26511 151541 31510
Chenopodium hybridum L.2
ApiaceaeDaucus carota L.2
AsteraceaeArtemisia vulgaris L.3 1
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.31 1012 15 5 155
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.2 1
Crepis biennis L.2
Crepis tectorum L.2
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.3
Senecio vulgaris L.1 11 1
Sonchus oleraceus L.1 1
Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg.35 53711 4241 114
Tragopogon pratensis L.2 1
Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip.3 1 2 1 1
BrassicaceaeCapsella bursa-pastoris L.11 21 1 134 3
Sinapis alba L.1
Thlaspi arvense L.1
CaryophylaceaeArenaria serpyllifolia L.11 1 2
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.11 6
ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulus arvensis L.31 2 211112183284
FabaceaeAnthyllis vulneraria L.1 5 10 10
Lotus corniculatus L.2 3 5 7
Medicago lupulina L.21 51 48 1 15
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.1
Trifolium pratense L.1 1
Trifolium repens L.1 1040 8401 32070
Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.1 1
GeraniaceaeErodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér.2 1
Geranium pusillum Brum. fil.21 11 1 1
LamiaceaeLamium amplexicaule L.1
Lamium purpureum L.1 1
PlantaginaceaePlantago major L.1 1
Veronica polita Fries.1 1 1
PoaceaeBromus hordeaceus L.22 36 11231011318 5
Bromus japonicus Thnub.2
Bromus tectorum L.2
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.2 2 5322 4
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.2 1 1
Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski3 1
Festuca rubra L.2 10
Hordeum murinum L.2 1
Lolium perenne L.23 34 33 366
Panicum miliaceum L.3
Poa annua L.1 1
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult.261 45 5515
Setaria verticilata (L.) P. Beauv.2 15 1012612 24
Setaria viridis L.2 11842 1210 41
PolygonaceaePolygonum vulgare L.25 1 331 2 22 174
PortulacaceaePortulaca oleracea L.2 1 1 4 1 813
ResedaceaeReseda lutea L.1
RosaceaeRosa canina L.3
SolanaceaeDatura stramonium L.3
Solanum nigrum L.2 1 1 1
ViolaceaeViola arvensis Murray1
AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus blitoides S. Watson1
Amaranthus retroflexus L.2 5 1 6 1
Atriplex patula L.2
Chenopodium album L.3 1 22 2
Chenopodium hybridum L.2
ApiaceaeDaucus carota L.2 1
AsteraceaeArtemisia vulgaris L.3
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.3811881 882 10110 4
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.2
Crepis biennis L.2
Crepis tectorum L.2
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.3
Senecio vulgaris L.1 1
Sonchus oleraceus L.1
Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg.324 356 3 74 43
Tragopogon pratensis L.2
Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip.31 2 3
BrassicaceaeCapsella bursa-pastoris L.111 13 32
Sinapis alba L.1
Thlaspi arvense L.1 3 1
CaryophylaceaeArenaria serpyllifolia L.1 1 2 2
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.1 27 612
ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulus arvensis L.3542532114474482317
FabaceaeAnthyllis vulneraria L.1 15 15 6
Lotus corniculatus L.2 8 11 12
Medicago lupulina L.232 1025 2 37 7
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.1 1
Trifolium pratense L.1
Trifolium repens L.1 1 452013 106 1010
Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.1 2 3 1 2
GeraniaceaeErodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér.2 2
Geranium pusillum Brum. fil.223 11 11121
LamiaceaeLamium amplexicaule L.1 1 21
Lamium purpureum L.1
PlantaginaceaePlantago major L.1
Veronica polita Fries.1 1
PoaceaeBromus hordeaceus L.215103 151022214112121 2
Bromus japonicus Thnub.2 1 11
Bromus sterilis L.2
Bromus tectorum L.2 3 21 5
Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop.2 2 12 5 4
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.2211 1 210
Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski34 4
Festuca rubra L.2
Hordeum murinum L.222 31 10 1
Lolium perenne L.2843 201345635535 15434055
Panicum miliaceum L.3 2
Poa annua L.1 1
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult.254 1 10 2 6
Setaria verticilata (L.) P. Beauv.222 52 82 37
Setaria viridis L.212 1 82 22 74
PolygonaceaePolygonum vulgare L.2 11
PortulacaceaePortulaca oleracea L.2 2
ResedaceaeReseda lutea L.1
RosaceaeRosa canina L.3 1 1
SolanaceaeDatura stramonium L.3
Solanum nigrum L.2
ViolaceaeViola arvensis Murray1 2

Species composition of treatment MIX_

SpeciesVarietySeed rate kg · ha−1% share in mixtureFinal seed rate kg · ha−1
Trifolium repens L. f. silvestreLuke15355.25
Lotus corniculatus L.Leo15101.5
Medicago lupulina L.Ekola15507.5
Anthyllis vulneraria L.Pamír1550.75

Species identification in different treatments_

TreatmentPredominant species in the vegetation cover
MECHBromus hordeaceus L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum, Lolium perenne L., Setaria pumila, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Hordeum murinum L., Chenopodium album L.
HERBBromus hordeaceus L., Setaria verticilata (L.) P. Beauv., Lolium perenne L., Setaria pumila (Poir)Roem. et Schult., Convolvulus arvensis L., Portulaca oleracea L., Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Amaranthus retroflexus L, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum.
TEXLolium perenne L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Bromus hordeaceus L.
MULCHCirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Convolvulus arvensis L., Bromus hordeaceus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L, Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
MONOLolium perenne L, Trifolium repens L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., Chenopodium album L., Bromus hordeaceus L., Medicago lupulina L., Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum, Convolvulus arvensis L., Setaria verticilata (L.) P. Beauv., Lotus corniculatus L.
MIXTrifolium repens L., Lolium perenne L., Anthyllis vulneraria L., Medicago lupulina L., Lotus corniculatus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Bromus hordeaceus L., Chenopodium album, Setaria viridis, Setaria verticilata, Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum, Convolvulus arvensis L.

Selected yield and uvological parameters_

YearTreatmentNumber of bunches per vine (pcs)Weight of bunches per vine (kg)Bunch weight (g)Berry weight (g)Number of berries in a cluster (pcs)Rachis weight (g)
2021MECH16.4 ± 1.5 abc1.7 ± 0.1 a103.0 ± 12.5 ab1.7 ± 0.3 d66.6 ± 13.7 a4.0 ± 0.1 a
HERB19.8 ± 1.9 d2.1 ± 0.1 bc115.2 ± 8.3 ab1.1 ± 0.1 abc95.8 ± 6.8 cd6.0 ± 0.7 b
TEX18.8 ± 0.8 cd1.9 ± 0.04 ab97 ± 6.3 a1.4 ± 0.4 bc76.4 ± 12.4 ab4.1 ± 0.3 a
MULCH18.8 ± 2.5 cd2 ± 0.2 ab110.1 ± 4.3 ab1.2 ± 0.4 abc84 ± 18.9 bc4.6 ± 0.1 a
MONO20.2 ± 1.8 d2.4 ± 0.1 d120.9 ± 3.7 ab1.0 ± 0.2 ab117.0 ± 3.1 e6.3 ± 0.2 bc
MIX19.2 ± 3.1 d2.3 ± 0.1 cd119.2 ± 12.2 ab1.1 ± 0.1 abc107.0 ± 3.9 de7.0 ± 0.1 c
2022MECH15.0 ± 2.3 a1.8 ± 0.2 a112.8 ± 7.3 ab1.0 ± 0.1 a121.6 ± 10.4 e6.8 ± 0.5 bc
HERB15.2 ± 2.8 a2.5 ± 0.3 d162.6 ± 23.1 c1.3 ± 0.2 abc154.2 ± 12.5 f6.8 ± 0.5 c
TEX16.0 ± 2.3 ab2.3 ± 0.3 cd139.5 ± 25.6 bc1.0 ± 0.4 a188.0 ± 14.6 h9.2 ± 0.7 d
MULCH14.0 ± 0.7 a2.5 ± 0.04 d173.8 ± 45.3 c1.4 ± 0.2 cd161.0 ± 13.3 fg9.4 ± 0.5 d
MONO19.8 ± 2.9 d2.4 ± 0.3 d122.3 ± 29.3 ab1.0 ± 0.2 ab117.0 ± 11.5 e6.0 ± 0.5 b
MIX18.4 ± 1.8 bcd3.2 ± 0.3 e215.9 ± 84.2 d1.4 ± 0.3 c173.0 ± 16.3 gh9.7 ± 1.8 d

Analytical parameters of grapes_

YearTreatmentYAN (mg · L−1)Sugar content (glucose + fructose) (g · L−1)Acid content (g · L−1)Malic acid (g · L−1)Tartaric acid (g · L−1)Citric acid (g · L−1)PH
2021MECH211.7 ±4.3 cd240.6 ± 4.0 fg7.2 ±0.1 c3.6 ± 0.1g7.6 ± 0.03 ef0.25 ±0.01 f3.5 ±0.03 be
HERB150.4 ± 3.5 b243.7 ± 1.0 g6.9 ± 0.7 c3.1 ± 0.2 f7.4 ± 0.5 de0.18 ± 0.02 c3.6 ±0.1 c
TEX221.8 ± 4.7 d238.0 ± 2.9 fg8.2 ± 0.2 d3.7 ± 0.05 h8.2 ± 0.01 h0.22 ±0.01 de3.5 ± 0.02 abc
MULCH344.4 ± 14.2 f204.6 ±8.9 a9.3 ± 0.7 e5.9 ±0.1 k8.3 ±0.1 h0.24 ± 0.02 ef3.4 ±0.1 a
MONO268.9 ± 2.0 e207.8 ±3.1 ab8.5 ± 0.4 d4.8 ± 0.02 j7.9 ± 0.01 fg0.23 ± 0.01 def3.5 ±0.01 abc
MIX278.7 ± 1.1 e208.9 ± 2.3 ab8.7 ± 0.2 d4.3 ± 0.03 i8.1 ±0.1 gh0.21 ±0.01 d3.4 ± 0.03 ab
2022MECHH9±l.8a227.9 ± 1.8 de4.2 ±0.1 ab0.6 ± 0.04 a7.5 ±0.04 de0.10 ±0.01 a3.8 ± 0.2 ef
HERB162.1 ± 5.4 b221.06 ±3.4 cd4.6 ± 0.4 ab1.1 ± 0.03 c6.7 ± 0.3 b0.15 ± 0.01b3.6 ±0.1 c
TEX152.4 ± 6.5 b232.5 ± 10.2 ef4.7 ±0.1 b0.8 ±0.01 b7.3 ± 0.01 cd0.10 ±0.01 a3.5 ±0.01 abc
MULCH218 ± 12.8 d210.7 ± 2.0 ab4.2 ± 0.02 a1.7 ±0.01 e7 ± 0.02 c0.15 ± 0.01b3.9 ± 0.02 f
MONO201 ± 4.6 c216.1 ±3.0 be4.2 ± 0.01 ab0.8 ± 0.03 ab7.5 ±0.02 de0.10 ±0.01 a3.6 ± 0.02 cd
MIX214.1 ± 11.4 d220.9 ± 7.8 cd4.7 ±0.1 ab1.3 ± 0.02 d6.3 ±0.1 a0.11 ±0.01 a3.7 ± 0.01 de

Treatment description_

AbbreviationTreatmentDescription
MECHBare soil cultivated mechanicallyWeed control in the under-vine area was carried out by using a mechanical blade weeder (three times per year)
HERBBare soil with herbicide applicationWeed control in the under-vine area was carried out by applying herbicide (Glyphosate) at a rate of 4 L · ha−1 on the following dates: 31/04, 17/06, 12/08 in 2021 and 13/04, 29/06, 4/08 in 2022
TEXTextile mulchThe under-vine belt was covered by black woven agrotextile (90 g) made of polypropylene with UV stabilisation with a width of 60 cm
MULCHGreen mulch – mowed grassUnder-vine area with a width of 60 cm was covered with a layer of cut grass at a height of 30 cm during June every year
MONOCover crop – monocultureMicroclover (Trifolium repens ‘Pipolina’) were sown manually on 07/04 2021 at a seed rate of 15 kg · ha−1 on a 60 cm-wide strip in the under-vine area
MIXCover crop – a mixture of plantsPlants from the Fabaceae family were sown manually on 07/04 2021 on a 60 cm-wide strip in the under-vine area, as shown in Table 2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0015 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
Language: English
Page range: 235 - 257
Submitted on: Oct 28, 2023
Accepted on: Jun 14, 2024
Published on: Jul 22, 2024
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2024 Tomáš Kopta, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Radek Sotolář, Jozef Sedláček, Vojtěch Ferby, Erika Hurajová, Jan Winkler, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
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