Figure 1.
Figure 2.
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Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Genes, gene names, sequences and literature_
| Gene ID | Gene name | Primer sequences (5→3’) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase | F TTCCTCCAGCATTCCCAGTG | Ghodke et al. (2020) |
| R ATGGCTTGACACATGGTGCT | |||
| SOD-2 | Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial | F GGCGAAGCAAACAGCCTCAT | Ji et al. (2021) |
| R AGTATCGCCGAACGAGTGGA | |||
| AO | L-ascorbate oxidase-like | F TGATGTTTGTGCTGTCTTTCGG | Ghodke et al. (2020) |
| R ACCGTGAAAGTGTTTGTGCT | |||
| POLD1 | DNA Polymerase Delta 1, catalytic subunit | F AGACGACTCGCTGTGTATTGCT | Lyu et al. (2020) |
| R CCAGTAACTCGTGCCATCTCCA | |||
| Chape | Chaperone | F TCCTGGCAAGTCTGCTTTGA | Ghodke et al. (2020) |
| R GGCTCTAATTCCTCGCGTTT | |||
| HSP21 | 21 kDa protein | F TAGATGGATGGCGAACTCGG | Ghodke et al. (2020) |
| R TCTTCTTCTTCGCACTCCT | |||
| β-Actin | β-actin | F TCCTAACCGAGCGAGGCTACAT | Sun et al. (2013) |
| R GGAAAAGCACTTCTGGGCACC | |||
| 18S | 18S ribosomal RNA | F GAATGACTCCTGGCAATG | Liu et al. (2015) |
| R GATTGGAATGACGCTATACA |
Changes in the vegetative growth of onions at different Gln concentrations under salt-stress and non-stress conditions_
| Treatments | SL (mm) | RL (mm) | SFW (g) | RFW (g) | SDW (g) | RDW (g) | TLN (no.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 300.78 ab | 335.30 a | 4.7717 bc | 5.3486 a | 0.2974 b | 0.2578 b | 5.4 c |
| 50 mM NaCl | 200.50 abc | 174.67 b | 3.3849 c | 1.8111 bcd | 0.2423 b | 0.1269 cd | 6.0 c |
| 100 mM NaCl | 176.14 bcd | 99.98 bcd | 3.0034 c | 0.9761 cd | 0.3421 b | 0.0514 de | 4.7 c |
| 150 mM NaCl | 55.37 de | 54.16 cd | 1.6138 c | 0.7861 cd | 0.1272 b | 0.0980 de | 4.3 c |
| 200 mM NaCl | 35.96 e | 30.95 d | 0.6784 c | 0.2976 d | 0.1009 b | 0.0250 e | 3.6 c |
| 1 mM Gln | 265.67 ab | 78.67 bcd | 5.6750 abc | 2.0207 bcd | 0.3935 b | 0.1229 cd | 6.7 bc |
| 2 mM Gln | 316.00 a | 131.33 bc | 11.1293 a | 3.1972 b | 5.0274 a | 0.2022 bc | 11.6 ab |
| 3 mM Gln | 269.00 ab | 70.00 cd | 10.4772 ab | 2.8864 bc | 3.4157 a | 0.9267 a | 13.7 a |
| 4 mM Gln | 243.67 ab | 68.67 cd | 6.4551 abc | 2.2977 bcd | 4.5882 a | 0.2567 b | 6.6 bc |
| 150 mM NaCl+ 1 mM Gln | 64.67 de | 79.67 bcd | 1.3471 c | 1.8282 bcd | 0.1246 b | 0.1017 de | 3.7 c |
| 150 mM NaCl+ 2 mM Gln | 65.33 de | 78.00 cd | 1.6087 c | 1.3310 bcd | 0.1228 b | 0.1293 cd | 6.0 c |
| 150 mM NaCl+ 3 mM Gln | 81.67 cde | 84.67 bcd | 1.7282 c | 1.8951 bcd | 0.1594 b | 0.1341 cd | 6.6 bc |
| 150 mM NaCl+ 4 mM Gln | 77.67 cde | 64.00 cd | 0.8713 c | 1.1304 bcd | 0.1030 b | 0.1166 cde | 5.7 c |
| ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Schematic representation of the experiment_
| Treatments | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First stage | Control | 50 mM NaCl | 100 mM NaCl | 150 mM NaCl | 200 mM NaCl | 1 mM Gln | 2 mM Gln | 3 mM Gln | 4 mM Gln |
| Second stage | 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM Gln | 150 mM NaCl + 2 mM Gln | 150 mM NaCl + 3 mM Gln | 150 mM NaCl + 4 mM Gln | |||||
RAPD PCR primers and sequences_
| Primer | Primer sequence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| RAPD2 | 5′ | ACGGTACCAG | 3′ |
| RAPD7 | 5′ | TTCCGAACCC | 3′ |
| OPPO5 | 5′ | CCCCGGTAAC | 3′ |
| OPI18 | 5′ | TGCCCAGCCT | 3′ |
| 12OPC06 | 5′ | GAACGGACTC | 3′ |
| 14OPC09 | 5′ | CTCACCGTCC | 3′ |
| 19OPC14 | 5′ | TGCGTGCTTG | 3′ |
| 21OPC16 | 5′ | CACACTCCAG | 3′ |
| OPW10 | 5′ | TCGCATCCCT | 3′ |
| 30OPAF05 | 5′ | CCCGATCAGA | 3′ |
| 25OPN01 | 5′ | CTCACGTTGG | 3′ |
| S237 | 5′ | ACCGGCTTGT | 3′ |