Influence of Rheum taxa and harvesting date on the content of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the climatic conditions of South Moravia (Czech Republic)

Influence of Rheum taxa and harvesting date on the content of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the climatic conditions of South Moravia (Czech Republic)

Volume 35 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023)

By:

Jarmila Neugebauerová, Eliška Hakalová, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Jana Čechová, Jana Raddová, Dorota Tekielska and Robert Pokluda

Open Access

|Dec 2023

Figures & Tables

Phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA analysis and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of Rheum morphological data. The distance-based clustering analysis was performed using FreeTree v.0.9.1.50 software (Hampl et al., 2001). UPGMA, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages.

RDA ordination diagram showing the relationships between accessions, sampling terms and content of oxalic and L-ascorbic acid, pseudo -F = 7.1, p = 0.002. The position of accessions RR8 and RR5 in the diagram close to T6 (Term 6) and L-ascorbic acid content implicate a positive correlation between these variables and factors. Distinctive negative correlations are found between accession RR47 and oxalic acid content, RR20, RR12, and RR23, and L-ascorbic acid content. Regarding the content of acids in terms, the position of T1 (first term) expresses a negative correlation to oxalic acid content, and the contrary T6 (last term) indicates a notable positive correlation to L-ascorbic content. RDA, redundancy analysis.

UPGMA tree based on Rheum molecular data from 15 ISSR markers. The difference/similarity matrix based on UPGMA and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was used to construct the tree by the FreeTree v.0.9.1.50 software (Hampl et al., 2001). UPGMA, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages.

RDA ordination diagram evaluating the relationships between groups (based on molecular data Figure 3), sampling terms and content of oxalic and L-ascorbic acid, pseudo -F = 7.4, p = 0.002. The position of Group 2 in the diagram close to L-ascorbic content and Term 6 indicates a strong positive correlation between these factors and variables. The position of Group 1a in the diagram shows a notable negative correlation to oxalic acid content. A weaker positive correlation with oxalic acid content occurs for Group 1b or 3 according to this ordination diagram. RDA, redundancy analysis.

Content of L-ascorbic acid (mean values) in rhubarb accession during six sampling terms.

Content of oxalic acid (mean values) in rhubarb accession during six sampling terms (explanatory notes - see hereabove after Supplementary Graph 1).

Classification of leaf petiole morphological data and selected substances content (Turečková et al_, 2001)_

Trait	Description
Leaf – petiole skin colour above base	1 = green, 2 = rose, 3 = red stripped
Leaf – petiole skin colour at the base	1 = green, 2 = rose, 3 = red stripped, 4 = red, 5 = dark red
Leaf – shape of petiole base in cross-section	1 = oval, 2 = reniform, 3 = semi-circular
Leaf – surface of petiole lower (abaxial) side	1 = smooth, 2 = ribbed
Leaf – flesh colour at the petiole base	1 = green, 2 = green to white, 3 = green to rose, 4 = red to dark red
Leaf – petiole thickness (diameter) (mm)	1 = very small (<20), 3 = small (20-25), 5 = intermediate (26-30)
Leaf – petiole L-ascorbic acid content (mg · kg^-1 FW)	1 = very low (<50), 3 = low (50-150), 5 = intermediate (151-250), 7 = high (251-350), 9 = very high (>350)
Leaf – petiole oxalic acid content (mg · kg^-1 FW)	1 = very low (<1500), 3 = low (1500-2500), 5 = intermediate (2501–3500), 7 = high (3501-4500), 9 = very high (>4500)
Leaf – petiole total soluble solids content (%)	1 = very low (<2.0), 3 = low (2.0-3.5), 5 = intermediate (3.6-5.0), 7 = high (5.1-6.5), 9 = very high (>6.5)

Correlation coefficient of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in Rheum rhubarbarum accessions for individual harvesting terms (red values are significant at α level 0_05)_

Accession	03.05.2022	17.05.2022	31.05.2022	14.06.2022	28.06.2022	12.07.2022
42H7500001	-0.999992	0.900138	0.722004	0.693218	0.462415	0.953726
42H7500003	-0.551535	-0.764839	-0.795861	-0.275743	-0.464849	0.268219
42H7500004	0.995162	-0.011417	-0.980462	0.010893	-0.918308	-0.259346
42H7500005	0.693380	0.721893	-0.840521	0.306089	0.418912	0.033346
42H7500006	-0.495380	0.999667	-0.972016	-0.170747	-0.111774	-0.181601
42F7500008	0.963472	-0.850060	0.519917	-0.255376	0.242785	-0.190471
42H7500011	0.992796	0.878552	-0.336647	0.878170	-0.757353	-0.978263
42H7500016	0.925750	-0.986940	-0.760368	0.630009	0.997758	-0.785389
42H7500020	-0.564960	-0.278109	0.000230	0.175259	0.988205	0.941517
42H7500023	0.822302	0.570501	0.699590	-0.974260	-0.875252	0.668926
42H7500025	0.291533	0.999393	-0.969792	0.992495	-0.888897	-0.005509
42H7500030	0.200544	0.729887	-0.707420	0.325131	0.744921	0.995225
42H7500044	-0.931785	0.999230	-0.097143	-0.026990	-0.694324	0.879198
42H7500047	0.787395	-0.138509	-0.524755	-0.340026	0.514848	-0.619189

Weather conditions during sampling terms_

Sampling term	3.5.2022	17.5.2022	31.5.2022	14.6.2022	28.6.2022	12.7.2022
Period of meteorological data	19.4.-2.5.	3.5.-16.5.	17.5.-30.5.	31.5.-13.6.	14.6.-27.6.	28.6.-11.7.
record	2022	2022	2022	2022	2022	2022
Day temperature average (°C)	11.09285714	17.28571429	16.57142857	19.85	21.15714	21.3
Maximum day temperature (°C)	17.1	24.09285714	22.86428571	26.1	28.24286	27.54286
Precipitation (mm)	11.8	16	9.5	49.7	28.1	21.2

Data of 4-year observation of Rheum petiole descriptors_

Plant ID	Petiole skin colour above base	Petiole skin colour at the base	Shape of petiole base in cross-section	The surface of the petiole abaxial side	Flesh colour at the petiole base	Petiole thickness diameter (mm)	Petiole L-ascorbic acid content (mg · kg^-1 FW)	Petiole oxalic acid content (mg · kg^-1 FW)	Petiole soluble solids content (%)
42H7500001	2	2	2	1	1	3	3	9	5
42H7500003	2	4	1	2	3	1	3	9	5
42H7500004	3	3	3	1	2	3	3	9	5
42H7500005	2	5	3	1	3	1	5	9	5
42H7500006	2	5	1	2	4	3	3	9	5
42H7500008	2	4	3	2	1	1	5	9	5
42H7500011	1	5	2	1	1	1	5	9	5
42H7500012	1	4	3	2	1	1	3	9	3
42H7500014	1	1	3	2	3	1	3	9	5
42H7500016	1	5	2	2	3	1	3	9	5
42H7500020	3	2	3	1	4	1	3	9	5
42H7500023	3	4	3	1	2	1	5	9	5
42H7500025	1	5	2	2	1	1	5	9	3
42H7500030	3	5	2	2	1	1	5	9	5
42H7500044	1	4	2	1	3	3	5	9	5
42H7500047	3	4	2	2	1	1	5	9	5

Oxalic acid content for Rheum species (mg · 100 g-1 FW) in the studied period_

Taxa	03/05/2022	17/05/2022	31/05/2022	14/06/2022	28/06/2022	12/07/2022
R. palmatum × wittrockii
42H7500012	670.19 ± 0.02	1036.48 ± 0.04	1413.99 ± 0.03	1636.8 ± 0.02	2315.14 ± 0.12	1454.68 ± 0.04
R. rhabarbarum
42H7500001	453.79 ± 0.01	1375.85 ± 0.02	1991.31 ± 0.03	1752.99 ± 0.03	1504.59 ± 0.02	1463.98 ± 0.05
42H7500003	540.69 ± 0.03	616.96 ± 0.02	723.53 ± 0.04	620.69 ± 0.01	1111.35 ± 0.02	761.63 ± 0.02
42H7500004	792.38 ± 0.00	1005.73 ± 0.02	889.51 ± 0.05	981.64 ± 0.05	2287.14 ± 0.08	711.01 ± 0.04
42H7500005	598.80 ± 0.00	987.47 ± 0.05	793.82 ± 0.01	843.32 ± 0.06	707.70 ± 0.02	1317.66 ± 0.11
42H7500006	354.81 ± 0.02	585.79 ± 0.00	926.35 ± 0.04	1686.64 ± 0.14	1050.84 ± 0.01	1194.20 ± 0.01
42F7500008	407.26 ± 0.01	448.45 ± 0.01	1743.34 ± 0.03	1927.36 ± 0.14	1281.33 ± 0.08	1546.97 ± 0.03
42H7500011	451.24 ± 0.01	456.33 ± 0.03	833.45 ± 0.00	817.21 ± 0.02	700.95 ± 0.01	936.17 ± 0.00
42H7500016	296.99 ± 0.01	432.20 ± 0.01	402.99 ± 0.00	807.39 ± 0.05	486.89 ± 0.00	699.58 ± 0.01
42H7500020	460.39 ± 0.01	1523.02 ± 0.05	1442.98 ± 0.01	2034.83 ± 0.08	1229.00 ± 0.01	1138.73 ± 0.04
42H7500023	921.14 ± 0.01	869.45 ± 0.01	861.78 ± 0.01	1527.04 ± 0.03	539.44 ± 0.04	836.12 ± 0.00
42H7500025	570.38 ± 0.02	561.60 ± 0.01	656.61 ± 0.01	906.80 ± 0.05	679.91 ± 0.00	689.21 ± 0.00
42H7500030	436.23 ± 0.01	671.23 ± 0.00	985.26 ± 0.01	1839.81 ± 0.03	835.38 ± 0.02	881.95 ± 0.01
42H7500044	942.77 ± 0.03	1345.46 ± 0.07	1573.44 ± 0.03	1691.24 ± 0.04	1276.30 ± 0.02	1835.46 ± 0.03
42H7500047	756.72 ± 0.03	1473.44 ± 0.05	1330.53 ± 0.02	1739.93 ± 0.04	981.73 ± 0.00	972.80 ± 0.04
R. rhaponticum
42H7500014	811.57 ± 0.03	1628.48 ± 0.01	1983.39 ± 0.01	1974.29 ± 0.07	2266.68 ± 0.02	1479.83 ± 0.05

j_fhort-2023-0032_tab_011

Explanatory notes
RR1	42H7500001 R. rhabarbarum Jara	RRhap	42H7500014 R. rhaponticum
RR3	42H7500003 R. rhabarbarum Victoria	RR16	42H7500016 R. rhabarbarum Timperley Early
RR4	42H7500004 R. rhabarbarum Dawes Chalenge	RR20	42H7500020 R. rhabarbarum
RR5	42H7500005 R. rhabarbarum The Sutton	RR23	42H7500023 R. rhabarbarum
RR6	42H7500006 R. rhabarbarum Holsteiner Blut	RR25	42H7500025 R. rhabarbarum Glaskins Perpetual
RR8	42F7500008 R. rhabarbarum	RR30	42H7500030 R. rhabarbarum Krupnochereshkovyj
RR11	42H7500011 R. rhabarbarum	RR44	42H7500044 R. rhabarbarum
RPW12	42H7500012 R. palmatum × wittrockii	RR47	42H7500047 R. rhabarbarum
T1-T6	Sampling terms 1 to 6

Statistical differences in the content of L-ascorbic acid in Rheum accessions (red values are significant at α level 0_05)_

Accession	{1}	{2}	{3}	{4}	{5}	{6}	{7}	{8}	{9}	{10}	{11}	{12}	{13}	{14}	{15}	{16}
42H7500001		0.998556	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000129	0.000000	0.384580	0.000000	0.000000	0.000557	0.034173	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500003	0.998556		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.006179	0.000000	0.983678	0.000000	0.000000	0.00001	0.000861	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500004	0.000000	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.999997	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.999775	0.000028
42H7500005	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500006	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.000000	0.182537	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.004003	0.000052	0.000000	0.000001
42F7500008	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500011	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.182537	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500012	0.000129	0.006179	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.271620	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500014	0.000000	0.000000	0.999997	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.942159	0.000307
42H7500016	0.384580	0.983678	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.311562	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000006	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500020	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500023	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.271620	0.000000	0.000068	0.000000		0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500025	0.000557	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.004003	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.995451	0.000000	0.000000
42H7500030	0.034173	0.000861	0.000000	0.000000	0.000052	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000006	0.000000	0.000000	0.995451		0.000000	0.000000
42H7500044	0.000000	0.000000	0.999775	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.942159	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000		0.000001
42H7500047	0.000000	0.000000	0.000028	0.000000	0.000001	0.000000	0.011563	0.000000	0.000307	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000001

Description of Rheum accessions analysed in the study_

No.	Plant ID¹	Species	Cultivar	Propagation²	Origin
1	42H7500001	Rhabarbarum	Jara	V	CZ
2	42H7500003	Rhabarbarum	Victoria	V	GB
3	42H7500004	Rhabarbarum	Dawes Chalenge	V	USA
4	42H7500005	Rhabarbarum	The Sutton	V	GB
5	42H7500006	Rhabarbarum	Holsteiner Blut	V	D
6	42H7500008	Rhabarbarum	–	G	GB
7	42H7500011	Rhabarbarum	–	G	GB
8	42H7500012	palmatum × wittrockii	–	G	UA
9	42H7500014	rhaponticum	–	G	BG
10	42H7500016	Rhabarbarum	Timperley Early	V	GB
11	42H7500020	rhaponticum	–	G	PL
12	42H7500023	Rhabarbarum	–	G	GB
13	42H7500025	Rhabarbarum	Glaskins Perpetual	G	GB
14	42H7500030	Rhabarbarum	Krupnochereshkovyj	V	RUS
15	42H7500044	Rhabarbarum	–	V	CZ
16	42H7500047	Rhabarbarum	–	V	CZ

Average L-ascorbic acid content in Rheum species (mg · 100 g -1 FW) during the studied period_

Taxa	03/05/2022	17/05/2022	31/05/2022	14/06/2022	28/06/2022	12/07/2022
R. palmatum × wittrockii
42H7500012	8.76 ± 0.18	11.03 ± 0.08	10.11 ± 0.30	13.36 ± 0.12	6.74 ± 0.09	25.62 ± 0.37
R. rhabarbarum
42H7500001	15.08 ± 0.34	9.28 ± 0.21	10.63 ± 0.56	15.16 ± 0.24	9.59 ± 0.25	16.72 ± 0.75
42H7500003	12.37 ± 0.11	13.84 ± 0.10	7.69 ± 0.57	15.97 ± 0.32	8.31 ± 0.39	18.72 ± 0.48
42H7500004	15.15 ± 0.36	21.06 ± 0.28	18.88 ± 0.46	15.24 ± 0.49	14.65 ± 0.23	18.69 ± 0.20
42H7500005	16.07 ± 0.12	16.12 ± 0.55	16.44 ± 0.44	29.62 ± 0.38	28.08 ± 1.15	33.49 ± 0.64
42H7500006	7.07 ± 0.17	17.36 ± 0.36	8.75 ± 0.09	20.36 ± 0.35	13.21 ± 0.03	28.24 ± 0.50
42F7500008	20.98 ± 0.21	25.21 ± 0.30	27.02 ± 0.06	33.53 ± 1.03	21.42 ± 0.28	32.39 ± 0.22
42H7500011	12.27 ± 0.23	13.88 ± 0.03	13.14 ± 0.02	18.43 ± 0.21	13.15 ± 0.36	19.55 ± 0.34
42H7500016	9.52 ± 0.08	11.10 ± 0.26	8.90 ± 0.46	11.44 ± 0.21	11.50 ± 0.21	23.20 ± 0.29
42H7500020¹	9.50 ± 0.14	6.37 ± 0.27	15.38 ± 0.11	7.06 ± 0.17	9.88 ± 0.48	13.42 ± 0.09
42H7500023	6.77 ± 0.21	11.76 ± 0.32	13.07 ± 0.52	12.56 ± 0.16	9.05 ± 0.09	14.88 ± 0.11
42H7500025	12.80 ± 0.05	14.05 ± 0.32	10.16 ± 0.52	18.10 ± 0.32	11.39 ± 0.30	14.79 ± 0.12
42H7500030	13.48 ± 0.54	12.28 ± 0.03	6.66 ± 0.09	18.88 ± 0.13	10.16 ± 0.14	23.54 ± 0.31
42H7500044	13.39 ± 0.60	12.54 ± 0.19	15.26 ± 0.12	21.27 ± 0.13	20.27 ± 0.08	24.81 ± 0.65
42H7500047	14.67 ± 0.05	10.39 ± 0.14	18.59 ± 0.02	16.90 ± 0.17	18.69 ± 0.07	16.84 ± 0.11
R. rhaponticum
42H7500014	15.05 ± 0.24	16.96 ± 0.18	12.10 ± 0.06	18.04 ± 0.18	19.10 ± 0.08	22.19 ± 0.24

j_fhort-2023-0032_tab_012

Explanatory notes
42H7500001 R. rhabarbarum Jara	RRhap	42H7500014 R. rhaponticum
42H7500003 R. rhabarbarum Victoria	RR16	42H7500016 R. rhabarbarum Timperley Early
42H7500004 R. rhabarbarum Dawes Chalenge	RR20	42H7500020 R. rhabarbarum
42H7500005 R. rhabarbarum The Sutton	RR23	42H7500023 R. rhabarbarum
42H7500006 R. rhabarbarum Holsteiner Blut	RR25	42H7500025 R. rhabarbarum Glaskins Perpetual
42F7500008 R. rhabarbarum	RR30	42H7500030 R. rhabarbarum Krupnochereshkovyj
42H7500011 R. rhabarbarum	RR44	42H7500044 R. rhabarbarum
42H7500012 R. palmatum × wittrockii	RR47	42H7500047 R. rhabarbarum

Selected climate characteristics for Lednice location_

Period	Average day temperature (°C)	The sum of precipitation (mm)	Sum of sunshine (hr)
May 2015–2021	15.1	56.3	208.0
June 2015–2021	20.5	46.8	269.9
July 2015–2021	21.6	64.8	260.9
May 2022	16.8	26.4	270.9
June 2022	21.1	76.9	296.4
July 2022	21.6	46.3	290.6

Characteristics of 15 ISSR primers used in the study_

Primer name	Primer sequence (5′→3′)	Ta¹	No. of bands	Product size range (bp)
UBC-807	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GT	52	16	250–1100
UBC-808	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GC	51	13	300–1300
UBC-809	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GG	51	13	180–1000
UBC-810	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AT	46	4	220–510
UBC-815	CTC TCT CTC TCT CTC TG	49	3	700–1400
UBC-817	CAC ACA CAC ACA CAC AA	51	10	650–1300
UBC-836	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GYA	51	4	200–430
UBC-840	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AYT	48	5	650–1300
UBC-842	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AYG	52.5	5	220–680
UBC-844	CTC TCT CTC TCT CTC TRC	51	4	580–850
UBC-845	CTC TCT CTC TCT CTC TRG	53	13	700–2100
UBC-848	CAC ACA CAC ACA CAC ARG	52	18	280–1200
UBC-849	GTG TGT GTG TGT GTG TYA	49	3	750–1300
UBC-850	GTG TGT GTG TGT GTG TYC	52.5	4	450–1400
UBC-884	HBH AGA GAG AGA GAG AG	45	3	490–1000

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0032 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 449 - 465

Submitted on: Aug 10, 2023

Accepted on: Nov 10, 2023

Published on: Dec 31, 2023

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 times per year

Keywords:

Chinese rhubarb,

gene bank collection,

genotypes,

ISSR analysis,

oxalate,

rhubarb,

vitamin C

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Plant science,

Zoology,

Ecology,

Life sciences, other

© 2023 Jarmila Neugebauerová, Eliška Hakalová, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Jana Čechová, Jana Raddová, Dorota Tekielska, Robert Pokluda, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Previous article Volume 35 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023)Next article

Influence of Rheum taxa and harvesting date on the content of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the climatic conditions of South Moravia (Czech Republic)

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Supplementary Graph 1.

Supplementary Graph 2.

Classification of leaf petiole morphological data and selected substances content (Turečková et al_, 2001)_

Correlation coefficient of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in Rheum rhubarbarum accessions for individual harvesting terms (red values are significant at α level 0_05)_

Weather conditions during sampling terms_

Data of 4-year observation of Rheum petiole descriptors_

Oxalic acid content for Rheum species (mg · 100 g-1 FW) in the studied period_

j_fhort-2023-0032_tab_011

Statistical differences in the content of L-ascorbic acid in Rheum accessions (red values are significant at α level 0_05)_

Description of Rheum accessions analysed in the study_

Average L-ascorbic acid content in Rheum species (mg · 100 g -1 FW) during the studied period_

j_fhort-2023-0032_tab_012

Selected climate characteristics for Lednice location_

Characteristics of 15 ISSR primers used in the study_

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