Studies of the pollen characteristics and the taxonomic significance of Impatiens from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau

N	Species	Epidermal ornamentation	Shape
N	Species	Epidermal ornamentation	PV	EV
1	I. siculifer	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
2	I. pinetorum	Reticulate	Pillow	Oval
3	I. rectangula	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
4	I. ruiliensis	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
5	I. holocentra	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
6	I. siculifer var.	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
7	I. racemosa	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
8	I. uliginosa1	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
9	I. uliginosa2	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
10	I. uliginosa3	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
11	I. uliginosa4	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
12	I. cyathiflora	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
13	I. dicentra	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
14	I. dicentra var.	Reticulate	Oval	Oval
15	I. noli-tangere	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
16	I. corchorifolia	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
17	I. delavayi	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
18	I. guizhouensis	Reticulate	Triangular circle	Triangular circle
19	I. auriculata	Corrugated reticulation	Triangular circle	Triangular circle
20	I. monticola var.	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
21	I. chlorosepala	Reticulate	Oval	Oval
22	I. xanthina	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Near circle
23	I. monticola	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
24	I. yui	Reticulate spinous granule	Rectangular circle	Oval
25	I. rubrostriata	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
26	I. loulanensis	Reticulate	Oval	Oval
27	I. arguta1	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
28	I. arguta2	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
29	I. arguta3	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
30	I. fanjinica	Reticulate	Pillow	Oval
31	I. fanjinica var.	Reticulate	Pillow	Oval
32	I. reptans	Reticulate	Pillow	Oval
33	I. reptans var.	Reticulate	Pillow	Oval
34	I. pianmaensis	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval
35	I. pianmaensis var.	Reticulate	Rectangular circle	Oval

1 EV, equatorial view.

SEM image of *Impatiens* pollen. (A) Observation method and measurement index marking of *Impatiens* pollen: 1 PV; 2 EV; 5 polar axis; 6 equatorial major axis; 7 equatorial minor axis; 8 sprouting hole; 9 mesh; 10 mesh; 1 and 2 mirror multiple, 3 000, scale bar, 1 μm; 3 mirror multiple is 7 000, scale bar, 1 μm; 4 mirror multiple is 3 000, scale bar, 2 μm. (B) Pollen morphology of *Impatiens:* 1 rectangular circle, 2 oval, 3 triangular circle, 4 pillow shape, 5 nearly circular. (C) *Impatiens* pollen ornamentation: 1 reticulate pattern, 2 wavy reticulate pattern, 3 reticulate spinous granule. EV, equatorial view; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Proportion analysis of pollen characteristics of *Impatiens*. (A) Proportion analysis of SN of *Impatiens*. (B) Analysis on the proportion of EO of *Impatiens*. (C) Percentage analysis of PV morphological characteristics of *Impatiens*. (D) Percentage analysis of EV morphological characteristics of *Impatiens*. (E) CGP proportion analysis of pollen of *Impatiens*. (F) Analysis on the proportion of NGP of *Impatiens*. (G) Analysis on the proportion of MF of pollen. (H) Proportion analysis of reticulate RF of pollen. CGP, characteristics of germination pores; EO, epidermis ornamentation; EV, equatorial view; MF, mesh feature; NGP, number of germination pores; RF, ridge feature; SN, sepal number.

Table 2.

Analysis on the characteristics of pollen quantitative index of Impatiens.

Index	Average value	Maximum value	Minimum value
Polar axis length (P) (μm)	16.55	24.48	13.29
Equatorial major axis length (E1) (μm)	29.49	36.65	23.63
Equatorial short axis length (E2) (μm)	16.39	24.42	12.61
Pollen volume (V) (μm³)	8277.23	14760.12	3958.54
P/E1	0.57	0.96	0.46
P/E2	1.01	1.23	0.93
E1/E2	1.83	2.22	1.06
GPL (μm)	7.96	11.64	5.37
GPW (μm)	0.38	1.58	0.09
L/W	27.35	105.78	5.45
MD	27.77	64.67	5.33
RW (μm)	0.54	0.94	0.3

1 GPL, germination pore length; GPW, germination pore width; L/W, germination pore length/germination pore width; MD, mesh density; RW, ridge width.

Correlation analysis of pollen characteristics. More intense colour indicates a higher correlation. CGP, characteristics of germination pores; E1, equatorial major axis length; E2, equatorial short axis length; EO, epidermis ornamentation; EV, equatorial view; GPL, germination pore length; GPW, germination pore width; L/W, germination pore length/germination pore width; MD, mesh density; MF, mesh feature; NS, number of sepals; P, polar axis length; PV, polar view; RF, ridge feature; RW, ridge width.

Table 3.

Principal component analysis table of pollen micromorphological characteristics of Impatiens.

Bartlett sphericity test	F = 0.000
Composition		1	2	3	4	5
Contribution rate (%)	Contribution rate	29.53	15.53	13.90	10.97	10.53
Contribution rate (%)	Cumulative contribution rate	29.53	45.06	58.96	69.93	80.45
Characteristic index	P	0.92	0.13	0.29	−0.10	−0.05
	P/E1	0.87	−0.37	−0.04	0.12	−0.23
	E2	0.87	0.38	0.15	−0.21	−0.10
	EV	0.85	−0.45	−0.03	0.04	−0.09
	E1/E2	−0.85	0.07	0.16	0.00	0.37
	NGP	0.84	−0.45	0.01	0.12	−0.05
	V	0.79	0.45	0.32	−0.21	0.02
	RF	0.74	0.16	−0.39	0.30	−0.02
	PV	0.68	−0.21	0.28	0.14	0.34
	RW	0.56	−0.09	−0.21	−0.51	0.20
	EO	0.54	0.47	−0.33	0.45	−0.06
	NS	0.53	−0.33	−0.06	−0.09	0.43
	E1	0.05	0.70	0.51	−0.33	0.29
	P/E2	0.09	−0.65	0.28	0.30	0.15
	CGP	0.18	0.58	−0.07	−0.13	−0.52
	L/W	0.48	0.57	−0.31	0.38	0.28
	GPL	0.33	0.12	0.81	0.15	0.02
	MD	−0.33	0.39	0.21	0.67	−0.08
	MF	0.08	0.05	−0.35	−0.63	−0.01
	GPW	−0.22	−0.35	0.42	−0.10	−0.58

1 CGP, characteristics of germination pores; EO, epidermis ornamentation; EV, equatorial view; GPL, germination pore length; GPW, germination pore width; L/W, germination pore length/germination pore width; MD, mesh density; MF, mesh feature; NS, number of sepals; PV, polar view; RF, ridge feature; RW, ridge width.

Phylogenetic tree of pollen micromorphology of *Impatiens* based on systematic cluster analysis. The red dotted line is 23, and the yellow dashed line is 9. The serial number values are consistent with those in Table 1.

Based on grouping analysis of Impatiens. (a) Proportion of 35 species of Impatiens. (b) Analysis of inter-group differences based on polar axis length (P). (c) Analysis of the difference between groups based on the equatorial major axis length (E1). (d) Analysis of differences between groups based on the length of equatorial minor axis length (E2). (e) Analysis of differences between groups based on pollen volume (V). (f) Analysis of differences between groups based on MD. (g-h) Analysis of the difference between groups based on the length and width of Germinating pore (GPL/GPW). (i) Analysis of difference between groups based on RW. All abbreviations used in the table must be explained, also letters (a-c). MD, mesh density; RW, ridge width.

Heat map of interspecific similarity of *Impatiens*. The number in the blue area is the same as the species serial number in Table 1. More intense colour indicates higher similarity.

Pollen characteristics of *Impatiens* based on grouping.

Supplementary Table 1.

Information of 48 species of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou area.

N	Species	T	Area	Latitude and longitude	Height (cm)	Altitude (m)	Habitat characteristics
1	Impatiens. siculifer	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.700569, N27.919654	40–50	530	Ditch edge
2	Impatiens.dicentra	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.742382, N27.868716	40–120	530	Ditch edge
3	Impatiens.dicentra var1.	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.721257, N27.892699	30–40	530	Ditch edge
5	Impatiens lasiophyton	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.768975, N27.809401	30–50	870	Roadside
4	Impatiens.dicentra var2.	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.792546, N27.802755	30–50	530	Ditch edge
6	Impatiens guizhouensis	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.825316, N27.856424	20–30	870	Damp place
7	Impatiens stenosepala	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.819567, N27.79662	25–35	730	Roadside
8	Impatiens fanjinica	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.809219, N27.856935	30–100	540	Damp place
9	Impatiens fanjinicavar.	2017.10	Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou	E108.791396, N27.81707	80–100	610	Damp place
10	Impatiens monticola	2017.10	Suiyang, Guizhou	E107.206313, N28.246177	32–74	817	Ditch edge
11	Impatiens chlorosepala	2017.10	Suiyang, Guizhou	E107.206323, N28.246167	28–65	817	Roadside
12	Impatiens reptans	2017.10	Suiyang, Guizhou	E107.206313, N28.246177	40–70	1560	Roadside
13	Impatiens reptans var.	2017.10	Suiyang, Guizhou	E107.206303, N28.246168	30–80	1560	Roadside
14	Impatiens noli–tangere	2017.10	Suiyang, Guizhou	E107.206313, N28.246177	20–30	1260	Roadside
15	Impatiens loulanensis	2017.10	Liupanshui, Guizhou	E104.768578, N25.980954	80–120	1741	Ditch edge
16	Unconfirmed species 1	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.718522, N25.964222	60–130	2230	Ditch edge
17	Impatiens pinetorum	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.721274, N25.963222	60–80	2350	Damp place
18	Impatiens pianmaensis	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.718522,N25.964222	40–80	2240	Damp place
19	Impatiens pianmaensis var.	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.719801, N25.959622	40–80	2240	Damp place
20	Unconfirmed species 2	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.689201, N25.975916	42–75	3001	Damp place
21	Impatiens rectangula	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.684315, N25.965522	40–80	2177	Roadside
22	Impatiens ruiliensis	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.872203, N26.925063	40–80	1228	Damp place
23	Impatiens arguta	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.848631, N26.899806	30–50	1246	Roadside
24	Impatiens xanthina	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.871053, N26.899291	20–30	1621	Damp place
25	Impatiens gongshanensis	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.362313, N27.902298	40–60	1929	Damp place
26	Unconfirmed species 3	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.365702, N27.880526	30–60	2826	Damp place
27	Impatiens holocentra	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.345292, N27.881675	30–40	2293	Damp place
28	Impatiens yui	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.345436, N27.877844	20–40	2297	Damp place
29	Impatiens siculifervar.	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.342849, N27.877077	50–90	1409	Roadside
30	Impatiens arguta	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.353844, N27.873246	30–60	1321	Ditch edge
31	Impatiens arguta	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.357869, N27.86507	30–60	1321	Ditch edge
32	Impatiens racemosa	2017.10	Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan	E98.332572, N27.88142	20–60	1522	Roadside
33	Impatiens cyanantha	2017.10	Anlong, Yunnan	E105.351878, N25.109422	80–100	1777	Roadside
34	Impatiens napoensis	2017.10	Anlong, Yunnan	E105.346129, N25.091099	40–50	1347	Roadside
35	Impatiens chlorosepala var.	2017.10	Wangmo, Yunnan	E106.049528, N25.215218	30–50	821	Damp place
36	Impatiens loulanensisvar.	2017.10	Anlong, Yunnan	E105.35389, N25.106543	80–120	1741	Roadside
37	Impatiens uliginosa	2017.10	Kunming, Yunnan	E102.776044, N25.090989	60–80	2151	Ditch edge
38	Impatiens uliginosa	2017.10	Kunming, Yunnan	E102.777769, N25.087062	60–80	2250	Ditch edge
39	Impatiens uliginosa	2017.10	Kunming, Yunnan	E102.775397, N25.088502	60–80	2430	Ditch edge
40	Impatiens uliginosa	2017.10	Kunming, Yunnan	E102.784224, N25.342856	20–35	2151	Roadside
41	Impatiens uliginosa	2017.10	Kunming, Yunnan	E103.197322, N24.648467	40–80	2560	Ditch edge
42	Impatiens cyathiflora	2017.10	Kunming, Yunnan	E102.62844, N24.983997	30–50	2500	Damp place
43	Impatiens auriculata	2017.10	Kunming, Yunnan	E102.630165, N24.982949	40–80	2460	Damp place
44	Impatiens rubrostriata	2017.10	Wenshan, Yunnan	E104.76302, N23.131053	34–45	2433	Damp place
45	Impatiens monticola var.	2017.10	Wenshan, Yunnan	E104.750947, N23.127863	46–85	2628	Roadside
46	Impatiens corchorifolia	2017.10	Wenshan, Yunnan	E104.774518, N23.13318	55–68	2227	Roadside
47	Unconfirmed species 4	2017.10	Wenshan, Yunnan	E104.622741, N23.131053	30–54	2475	Damp place
48	Impatiens delavayi	2017.10	Wenshan, Yunnan	E104.610093, N23.108186	54–63	2765	Damp place

Flower morphology of 48 species, including varieties, of *Impatiens* from Yunnan and Guizhou. The serial number is the same as that of attached Supplementary Table 1.

Supplementary Table 2.

Pollen size characteristics of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau.

N	Size
N	P ( μm)	E1 (μm)	E2 (μm)	V (μm³)	P/E1	P/E2	E1/E2
1	13.62 ± 0.04	26.35 ± 0.05	13.25 ± 0.02	4754.72 ± 27.43	0.52 ± 0.02	1.03 ± 0	1.99 ± 0.03
2	15.21 ± 0.60	28.92 ± 0.02	13.64 ± 0.03	5997.89 ± 239.4	0.53 ± 0.02	1.11 ± 0.05	2.12 ± 0.01
3	13.65 ± 0.02	25.35 ± 0.04	13.02 ± 0.03	4504.63 ± 7.64	0.54 ± 0.01	1.05 ± 0	1.94 ± 0.01
4	13.52 ± 0.02	26.48 ± 0.04	14.22 ± 0.03	5093.98 ± 11.04	0.51 ± 0.00	0.95 ± 0	1.86 ± 0.00
5	14.92 ± 0.04	27.64 ± 0.02	14.27 ± 0.03	5886.88 ± 21.83	0.54 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.01	1.94 ± 0.01
6	14.28 ± 0.02	26.98 ± 0.03	13.95 ± 0.02	5377.12 ± 16.82	0.53 ± 0.01	1.02 ± 0	1.93 ± 0.01
7	15.13 ± 0.03	27.65 ± 0.02	13.97 ± 0.02	5843.45 ± 4.87	0.55 ± 0.01	1.08 ± 0.01	1.98 ± 0.00
8	14.82 ±0.03	29.12 ±0.04	14.73 ±0.04	6354.67 ±15.26	0.51 ±0.01	1.01 ±0.01	1.98 ±0.01
9	13.92 ± 0.03	29.12 ± 0.02	14.15 ± 0.03	5735.06 ± 20.11	0.48 ± 0.00	0.98 ± 0.01	2.06 ± 0.01
10	13.84 ± 0.04	28.35 ± 0.03	14.05 ± 0.04	5514.04 ± 20.92	0.49 ± 0.00	0.98 ± 0.01	2.02 ± 0.01
11	14.64 ± 0.03	28.54 ± 0.01	15.74 ± 0.02	6578.75 ± 19.17	0.51 ± 0.01	0.93 ± 0	1.81 ± 0.00
12	14.75 ± 0.01	26.84 ± 0.03	15.26 ± 0.03	6043.21 ± 4.99	0.55 ± 0.00	0.97 ± 0.01	1.76 ± 0.01
13	16.6 ± 0.03	28.24 ± 0.02	16.59± 0.02	7776.2 ± 14.94	0.59 ± 0.01	1 ± 0	1.7 ± 0.01
14	15.15 ± 0.01	28.18 ± 0.04	14.97 ± 0.02	6391.76 ± 7.03	0.54 ± 0.00	1.01 ± 0	1.88 ± 0.01
15	13.29 ± 0.02	23.63 ± 0.01	12.61 ± 0.03	3958.54 ± 16.44	0.56 ± 0.01	1.05 ± 0.01	1.87 ± 0.01
16	14.96 ± 0.02	27.09 ± 0.05	14.42 ± 0.04	5841.87 ± 21.14	0.55 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.01	1.88 ± 0.01
17	14.61 ± 0.04	24.37 ± 0.04	13.25 ± 0.03	4717.5 ± 19.7	0.6 ± 0.00	1.1 ± 0.01	1.84 ± 0.01
18	24.48 ± 0.01	25.5 ± 0.04	19.93 ± 0.03	12440.06 ± 25.84	0.96 ± 0.01	1.23 ± 0.00	1.28± 0.00
19	23.44 ± 0.03	25.79 ± 0.02	24.42 ± 0.03	14760.11 ± 30.71	0.91 ± 0.00	0.96 ± 0.00	1.06 ± 0.00
20	16.96 ± 0.03	34.8 ± 0.02	16.83 ± 0.04	9930.21 ± 5.15	0.49 ± 0.00	1.01 ± 0.01	2.07 ± 0.01
21	16.98 ± 0.05	26.97 ± 0.02	16.92 ± 0.01	7749.09 ± 20.81	0.63 ± 0.00	1 ± 0.01	1.59 ± 0.01
22	18.54 ± 0.04	28.3 ± 0.03	19.8 ± 0.03	10386.99 ± 44.18	0.66 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.00	1.43 ± 0.00
23	16.96 ± 0.04	36.65 ± 0.55	16.53 ± 0.03	10275.97 ± 166.77	0.46 ± 0.01	1.02 ± 0.01	2.22 ± 0.03
24	19.91 ± 0.05	32.22 ± 0.02	20.24 ± 0.02	12985.32 ± 18.53	0.62 ± 0.00	0.98 ± 0.01	1.59 ± 0.00
25	18.22 ± 0.03	33.34 ± 0.04	19.22 ± 0.03	11674.4 ± 11.48	0.55 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.00	1.74 ± 0.01
26	14.62 ± 0.05	30.07 ± 0.02	14.51 ± 0.02	6381.1 ± 22.92	0.49 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.01	2.07 ± 0.01
27	17.88 ± 0.02	31.49 ± 0.01	17.66 ± 0.03	9943.29 ± 24.86	0.57 ± 0.00	1.01 ± 0.00	1.78 ± 0.01
28	17.84 ± 0.04	31.97 ± 0.02	17.9 ± 0.02	10206.21 ± 29.62	0.56 ± 0.01	1 ± 0.01	1.79 ± 0.01
29	17.95 ± 0.03	31.49 ± 0.02	17.3 ± 0.08	9777.76 ± 57.43	0.57 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.01	1.82 ± 0.01
30	17.96 ± 0.03	33.64 ± 0.03	17.95 ± 0.04	10844.94 ± 34.53	0.53 ± 0.00	1 ± 0.00	1.88 ± 0.01
31	18.09 ± 0.06	32.47 ± 0.03	17.75 ± 0.02	10427.14 ± 37.16	0.56 ± 0.00	1.02 ± 0.01	1.83 ± 0.00
32	17.87 ± 0.03	34.44 ± 0.03	17.97 ± 0.02	11056.38 ± 14.29	0.52 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.01	1.92 ± 0.00
33	17.04 ±0.04	33.25 ±0.03	17.79 ±0.03	10078.45 ±30.12	0.51 ±0.01	0.96 ±0.00	1.87 ±0.01
34	19.13 ± 0.03	32.05 ± 0.02	18.77 ± 0.03	11511.42 ± 33.33	0.6 ± 0.00	1.02 ± 0.00	1.71 ± 0.00
35	18.53 ±0.03	34.95 ± 0.01	19.92 ± 0.03	12904.06 ± 33.01	0.53 ± 0.01	0.93 ± 0.00	1.75 ± 0.01

1 The serial number is the same as that of Supplementary Table 1.

Supplementary Table 3.

Characteristics of pollen germination pores of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau.

N	Germinating pore
N	Number	Characteristics	L (μm)	W (μm)	L/W
1	4	Depression	6.16 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.02	11.42 ± 0.37
2	4	Depression	6.59 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.02	13.84 ± 0.38
3	4	Depression	6.59 ± 0.58	0.29 ± 0.02	22.78 ± 2.62
4	4	Depression	6.2 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.03	14.12 ± 0.83
5	4	Depression	7.45 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.01	35.51 ± 1.60
6	4	Depression	6.53 ± 0.03	0.45 ± 0.03	14.54 ± 0.82
7	4	Depression	5.37 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.02	21.55 ± 1.68
8	4	Depression	7.3 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.01	20.68 ±0.63
9	4	Depression	7.39 ± 0.03	0.28 ± 0.02	26.76 ± 1.4
10	4	Depression	6.87 ± 0.06	0.25 ± 0.02	27.9 ± 1.66
11	4	Depression	6.91 ± 0.03	0.28 ± 0.02	24.78 ± 1.84
12	4	Depression	6.87 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.02	23.78 ± 1.71
13	4	Bulge	10.34 ± 0.05	0.84 ± 0.05	12.39 ±0.61
14	4	Depression	8.59 ± 0.05	1.58 ± 0.04	5.45 ± 0.09
15	4	Depression	6.64 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.02	21.21 ± 0.95
16	4	Depression	6.94 ± 0.06	0.11 ± 0.02	61.95 ± 7.62
17	4	Depression	9.1 ± 0.05	0.36 ± 0.01	25.53 ± 0.69
18	3	Depression	11.64 ± 0.03	0.61 ± 0.01	18.98 ± 0.19
19	3	Depression	6.97 ± 0.03	0.12 ± 0.02	57.1 ± 7.09
20	4	Depression	7.54 ± 0.03	0.28 ± 0.03	27.07 ± 2.37
21	4	Bulge	6.04 ± 0.04	0.3 ± 0.03	20.00 ± 1.51
22	4	Depression	6.57 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.02	19.00 ± 1.06
23	4	Depression	7.69± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.01	29.99 ± 1.30
24	4	Bulge	9.52 ± 0.05	0.09 ± 0.00	105.78 ± 0.51
25	4	Bulge	7.08 ± 0.03	0.23 ± 0.02	30.42 ± 1.83
26	4	Depression	8.72 ± 0.03	0.81 ± 0.02	10.82 ± 0.26
27	4	Depression	8.81 ± 0.03	0.32 ± 0.02	27.28 ± 1.18
28	4	Depression	8.93 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.01	28.51 ± 0.52
29	4	Depression	8.83 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.01	28.2 ± 0.56
30	4	Depression	10.23 ±0.03	0.44 ±0.04	23.18 ± 1.75
31	4	Depression	11.09 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.02	25.24 ± 1.07
32	4	Depression	11.1 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.02	29.76 ± 1.2
33	4	Depression	10.89 ± 0.04	0.37 ± 0.02	29.22 ± 1.57
34	4	Bulge	7.52 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.02	30.58 ± 2.02
35	4	Bulge	7.49 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.03	31.98 ± 3.97

1 The serial number is the same as that of Supplementary Table 1.

L/W, germination pore length/germination pore width.

Supplementary Table 4.

Pollen mesh characteristics of Impatiens in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau.

N	MF	MD	RW (μm)	RF
1	Rough, no particulate matter	16.33 ± 0.58	0.72 ± 0.02	Smoothing
2	Rough, with particulate matter	24.33 ±1.53	0.57 ±0.02	Smoothing
3	Rough, with particulate matter	33.33 ± 1.53	0.46 ± 0.01	Smoothing
4	Smooth, very few particles	23.33 ± 0.58	0.59 ± 0.01	Smoothing
5	Smooth, very few particles	15.67 ± 0.58	0.88 ± 0.02	Smoothing
6	Rough, with particulate matter	15.00 ± 1.00	0.73 ± 0.02	Smoothing
7	Rough, with particulate matter	20.00 ± 1.00	0.45 ± 0.03	Smoothing
8	Rough, with particulate matter	31.67 ± 0.58	0.39 ± 0.02	Smoothing
9	Rough, with particulate matter	31.00 ± 1.00	0.44 ± 0.02	Smoothing
10	Rough, with particulate matter	30.00 ± 1.00	0.42 ± 0.01	Smoothing
11	Rough, with particulate matter	32.00 ± 1.00	0.44 ± 0.02	Smoothing
12	Rough, with particulate matter	26.67 ± 0.58	0.44 ± 0.01	Smoothing
13	Rough, with particulate matter	28.33 ± 1.53	0.36 ± 0.02	Smoothing
14	Rough, with particulate matter	30.33 ± 1.53	0.53 ± 0.02	Smoothing
15	Rough, with particulate matter	47.33 ± 1.15	0.34 ± 0.01	Smoothing
16	Rough, with particulate matter	23.00 ± 1.00	0.42 ± 0.02	Smoothing
17	Rough, with particulate matter	64.67 ± 2.08	0.3 ± 0.02	Smoothing
18	Rough, with particulate matter	5.33 ± 0.58	0.67 ± 0.02	Smoothing
19	Rough, with particulate matter	8.00 ± 1.00	0.94 ± 0.02	Wavy
20	Rough, with particulate matter	41.67 ± 1.53	0.53 ± 0.01	Smoothing
21	Rough, with particulate matter	43.67 ± 2.08	0.46 ± 0.03	Smoothing
22	Smooth, very few particles	12.67 ± 0.58	0.59 ± 0.02	Smoothing
23	Rough, with particulate matter	30.00 ± 1.00	0.51 ± 0.02	Smoothing
24	Rough, with particulate matter	52.33 ± 3.06	0.54 ± 0.02	Spinous granule
25	Rough, with particulate matter	31.67 ± 2.08	0.35 ± 0.02	Smoothing
26	Rough, with particulate matter	12.00 ± 1.00	0.44 ± 0.02	Smoothing
27	Rough, with particulate matter	17.67 ±0.58	0.52 ±0.01	Smoothing
28	Rough, with particulate matter	18.33 ± 0.58	0.54 ± 0.01	Smoothing
29	Rough, with particulate matter	18.00 ± 1.00	0.56 ± 0.03	Smoothing
30	Rough, with particulate matter	42.67 ± 0.58	0.55 ± 0.02	Smoothing
31	Rough, with particulate matter	43.00 ± 1.00	0.54 ± 0.03	Smoothing
32	Rough, with particulate matter	44.33 ± 2.08	0.57 ± 0.02	Smoothing
33	Rough, with particulate matter	38.00 ± 1.00	0.54 ± 0.02	Smoothing
34	Smooth, with particles	10.00 ± 1.00	0.84 ± 0.01	Smoothing
35	Smooth, with particles	9.67 ± 1.53	0.76 ± 0.02	Smoothing

1 The serial number is the same as that of Supplementary Table 1.

MD, mesh density; MF, mesh feature; RF, ridge feature; RW, ridge width.

Pollen micromorphological map. From top to bottom, PV (3 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); EV (3 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); epidermis (7 000-fold, ruler 2 μm); epidermis (12 000-fold, ruler 1 μm). PV, polar view.

Supplementary Table 5.

Based on the grouping category of Impatiens: analysis of the difference of quantitative characters of pollen among groups.

Group	Size							MD	RW	Germinating pore
Group	P	E1	E2	V	P/E1	P/E2	E1/E2			L	W	L/W
Racemosae	14.36 ± 0.62 a	27.61 ± 1.23 a	14.19 ±0.77 a	5640.37 ± 621.58 a	0.52 ±0.02 a	1.01 ± 0.05 ab	1.95 ± 0.1 b	24.94 ± 6.86 be	0.55 ±0.16 a	6.69 ±0.59 a	0.34 ± 0.11 a	21.47 ± 7.05 a
Impatiens	14.92 ± 1.19 a	26.3 ±2.17 a	14.37 ± 1.55 a	5737.18 ± 1483.27 a	0.57 ± 0.03 a	1.04 ± 0.04 ab	1.84 ±0.08 b	38.73 ± 17.12 c	0.39 ±0.09 a	8.32 ± 1.54 ab	0.64 ± 0.59 a	25.31 ±21.91 a
Clavicarpa	23.95 ± 0.61 d	25.64 ± 0.18 a	22.18 ± 2.61 d	13594.53 ± 1350.08 d	0.94 ± 0.03 b	1.1 ± 0.16 b	1.17 ± 0.13 a	6.58 ± 1.64 a	0.8 ± 0.16 b	9.31 ± 2.7 ab	0.37 ±0.29 a	38.23 ± 22.35 a
Uniflorae4	17.36 ± 0.79 b	31.68 ± 4.76 b	17.52 ± 1.53 b	9585.56 ± 1239.67 b	0.56 ± 0.1 a	0.99 ± 0.04 ab	1.83 ± 0.37 b	32 ± 14.23 bc	0.52 ± 0.05 a	6.96 ± 0.79 a	0.3 ±0.04 a	24.02 ± 5.36 a
Scorpioidae	19.07 ± 0.98 c	32.79 ± 0.64 b	19.73 ±0.58 c	12333.19 ± 753.2 cd	0.58 ± 0.04 a	0.97 ±0.02 a	1.66 ± 0.08 b	41.75 ± 12.63 c	0.44 ± 0.11 a	8.3 ± 1.41 ab	0.16 ± 0.08 a	68.16 ± 43.37 a
Fasciculatae	17.07 ± 1.63 b	31.25 ± 0.82 b	16.84 ± 1.57 b	9077.09 ±1805.97 b	0.55 ±0.04 a	1.01 ±0.02 ab	1.87 ±0.14 b	16.5 ±3.01 ab	0.51 ±0.05 a	8.82 ± 0.08 ab	0.44 ± 0.25 a	23.7 ± 8.61 a
Undetermined	18.1 ±0.7 bc	33.47 ± 1.11 b	18.36 ±0.85 bc	11137.07 ± 997.89 c	0.54 ± 0.03 a	0.99 ± 0.04 ab	1.83 ± 0.08 b	31.28 ± 16.75 bc	0.63 ±0.13 ab	9.72 ± 1.74 b	0.35 ±0.09 a	28.33 ±3.39 a

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

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Language: English

Page range: 347 - 368

Submitted on: Dec 1, 2022

Accepted on: Jul 20, 2023

Published on: Dec 31, 2023

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

pollen,

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© 2023 Hai-hao He, Ming-lan Ma, Xin-yi Chen, Xin-yi Li, Fan Li, Qiu-yan Zhao, Xiao-shuai He, Yi Tan, Su-ping Qu, Hai-quan Huang, Mei-juan Huang, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 35 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023)

Studies of the pollen characteristics and the taxonomic significance of Impatiens from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Table 2.

Figure 3.

Table 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Supplementary Table 1.

Supplementary Figure 1.

Supplementary Table 2.

Supplementary Table 3.

Supplementary Table 4.

Supplementary Figure 2.

Supplementary Table 5.

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