Figure 1.
Experimental area of Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno (photo: July 2020).
Table 1.
List of descriptions by Sotolářová (2022): selected descriptors.
| Descriptor number | Number | Descriptor | Scale | Values | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | 1.2. | Plant | |||
| 1.2.1. | Plant - habit | 1 Upright | |||
| 2 Semi-upright | |||||
| 3 Spreading | |||||
| 4 Repens | |||||
| 3. | 1.2.2. | Plant – height (cm) | 1 Very low | <10 cm | |
| 2 Very low-low | 11–20 cm | ||||
| 3 Low | 21–30 cm | ||||
| 4 Low-medium | 31–40 cm | ||||
| 5 Medium | 41–50 cm | ||||
| 6 Medium-high | 51–60 cm | ||||
| 7 High | 61–70 cm | ||||
| 8 High-very high | 71–80 cm | ||||
| 9 Very high | >80 cm | ||||
| 4. | 1.2.3. | Plant –width (cm) | 3 Narrow | <30 cm | |
| 5 Medium | 31–65 cm | ||||
| 7 Wide | 66–90 cm | ||||
| 9 Very wide | >90 cm | ||||
| 16. | 1.4. | Leaf | |||
| 1.4.2. | Leaf – length (cm) | 1 Very short | <2 cm | ||
| 3 Short | 3–5 cm | ||||
| 5 Medium | 6–8 cm | ||||
| 7 Long | 9–10 cm | ||||
| 9 Very long | >11 cm | ||||
| 17. | 1.4.3. | Leaf – width (cm) | 1 Very narrow | <2 cm | |
| 3 Narrow | 3–4 cm | ||||
| 5 Medium narrow | 5–6 cm | ||||
| 7 Wide | 7–8 cm | ||||
| 9 Very wide | >8 cm | ||||
| 34. (a, b, c) | Leaf – primary | Colour codes (RHS CCH 2007) | |||
| colour of adaxial | 1 Yellow-green | 144A | |||
| leaf surface | 2 Light green | 138B, 138C | |||
| 3 Green | 135C, 136B, | ||||
| 137A, 137C, | |||||
| 137D, N137A, | |||||
| 138A, 139C, | |||||
| 143A, 143B, | |||||
| 146B, 152A | |||||
| 4 Grey-green | 133B, 136A, 136B, 136C, N137D, 138B, N138B, 189A | ||||
| 5 Dark green | - | ||||
| 6 Burgundy | N77B, 136B, 183C, 185B, 185C, 186A, 186B, 187C, 187D | ||||
| 7 Maroon | 53A, 184A, 184B, N186D, 187B, 187C | ||||
| 8 Dark maroon | 59A, N77A, 183A, 183B, 185A, N186C, 187A | ||||
| 9 Plum, damson | N77B, N79A, N79B, N92A, N186A, N186B, N187A |
Figure 2.
Examples of plant habit for descriptor number 2 (scales 1–4 in Table 1).
Figure 3.
Leaf: length (Scale 1.4.2. in Table 1) and width (Scale 1.4.3. in Table 1).
Figure 4.
Primary colour of the adaxial leaf surface: (A) spring colouring of the upper leaves; (B) spring colouring of the lower leaves.
Figure 5.
Primary colour of adaxial leaf surface: summer colouring of upper leaves.
Figure 6.
Comparison of the degrees of phenotypic variability of the evaluated populations (P) with their mother plants (M). (A) Descriptor No. 2: Plant-habit; (B) descriptor no. 3: Plant-height; (C) descriptor no. 4: Plant-width; (D) descriptor no. 14: Leaf-length; (E) descriptor no.17: Leaf-width; (F) descriptor no. 34a: Leaf-primary colour of adaxial leaf surface (summer); (G) descriptor no.34a: Leaf-primary colour of adaxial leaf surface (spring colouring of the upper leaves); (H) descriptor no. 34a: Leaf-primary colour of adaxial leaf surface (spring colouring of the lower leaves).
Table 2.
Summary results of evaluation of populations (P) and their mother plants (M).
| Valid | N | Average | SE± | Scale | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
| Descriptor number 2: Plant-habit | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | - | - | 27 | 25 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
| M2 | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P2 | 90 | - | - | 46 | 38 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
| M3 | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3 | 919 | - | - | 266 | 544 | 109 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Descriptor number 3: Plant-height (cm) | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | 27.33 | 2.52 | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | 32.72 | 8.57 | 0 | 5 | 18 | 19 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M2 | - | 30.00 | 5.00 | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P2 | 90 | 33.81 | 5.62 | 0 | 9 | 27 | 33 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| M3 | - | 35.00 | 5.00 | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3 | 919 | 29.53 | 9.41 | 10 | 153 | 346 | 298 | 100 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Descriptor number 4: Plant-width (cm) | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | 58.33 | 2.89 | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | 51.76 | 14.81 | - | - | 3 | - | 41 | - | 10 | - | 0 |
| M2 | - | 39.33 | 5.13 | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - |
| P2 | 90 | 54.04 | 19.62 | - | - | 9 | - | 53 | - | 24 | - | 4 |
| M3 | - | 42.33 | 2.52 | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - |
| P3 | 919 | 45.69 | 20.76 | - | - | 236 | - | 525 | - | 137 | - | 21 |
| Descriptor number 16: Leaf-length (cm) | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | 5.43 | 0.81 | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | 4.23 | 4.26 | 0 | - | 49 | - | 5 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| M2 | - | 7.33 | 1.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| P2 | 90 | 4.14 | 5.72 | 0 | - | 84 | - | 6 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| M3 | - | 4.83 | 0.21 | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3 | 919 | 4.64 | 5.42 | 2 | - | 777 | - | 140 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| Descriptor number 17: Leaf-width (cm) | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | 2.6 | 0.36 | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | 2.82 | 1.19 | 9 | - | 45 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| M2 | - | 4.37 | 0.96 | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P2 | 90 | 2.76 | 1.01 | 10 | - | 80 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| M3 | - | 2.83 | 0.12 | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3 | 919 | 3.07 | 1.16 | 94 | - | 812 | - | 13 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| Descriptor number 34a: Leaf-primary colour of adaxial leaf surface (summer foliage) | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 17 | 19 |
| M2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| P2 | 90 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 29 | 49 |
| M3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - |
| P3 | 919 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 14 | 20 | 129 | 746 |
| Descriptor number 34b: Leaf-primary colour of adaxial leaf surface (spring-upper foliage) | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| M2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - |
| P2 | 90 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 4 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| M3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3 | 919 | - | - | 2 | 3 | 17 | 892 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Descriptor number 34c: Leaf-primary colour of adaxial leaf surface (spring-lower foliage) | ||||||||||||
| M1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| P1 | 54 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 47 |
| M2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * |
| P2 | 90 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 28 | 48 |
| M3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * |
| P3 | 919 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 49 | 13 | 238 | 609 |
Figure 7.
Comparison of quantitative variables between populations (P) and their mothers (M). (A) Descriptor No. 3: Plant-height. (B) Descriptor No. 4: Plant-width. (C) Descriptor No. 14: Leaf-length. (D) Descriptor No. 17: Leaf-width.
Figure 8.
Correlations between the evaluated descriptors and individuals in a given population (P). (A) Scatter diagram showing the distribution of selected characteristics in the H. ‘Red Cauli’ population in the space of the first two axes. The first two axes explain 26.02% and 23.84% of the total variability, respectively. (B) Diagram of component weights showing the correlation of selected characteristics in the H. ‘Red Cauli’ population. The first two axes explain 26.02% and 23.84% of the total variability, respectively. (C) Scatter diagram showing the distribution of selected characteristics in the H. ‘Xenox’ population in the space of the first two axes. The first two axes explain 28.92% and 22.62% of the total variability, respectively. (D) Diagram of component weights showing the correlation of selected characteristics in the H. ‘Xenox’ population. The first two axes explain 28.92% and 22.62% of the total variability, respectively. (E) Scatter diagram showing the distribution of selected characteristics in the H. ‘Purple Emperor’ population in the space of the first two axes. The first two axes explain 30.60% and 19.43% of the total variability, respectively. (F) Diagram of component weights showing the correlation of selected characteristics in the H. ‘Purple Emperor’ population. The first two axes explain 30.60% and 19.43% of the total variability, respectively.