Phytochemicals from Phillyrea latifolia L. leaves and fruit extracted with various solvents: Their identification and quantification by LC-MS and antihyperglycemic effects

Aydin, Ebru

doi:10.2478/fhort-2023-0018

Figures & Tables

Antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (IC50 mg · mL–1) for mock privet leaf and fruit extracts and acarbose 1 mg · mL–1_

Functional properties	DPPH		α-amylase		α-glucosidase
Functional properties	Leaves	Fruit	Leaves	Fruit	Leaves	Fruit
Ethyl acetate	19.3 ± 4.21 x	23.2 ± 1.92 x	2.6 ± 0.07 x	3.1 ± 0.08 x	1.8 ± 0.14 x	2.3 ± 1.02 x
Methanol	12.9 ± 2.13 x	15.1 ± 1.27 x	2.8 ± 1.39 x	4.1 ± 1.59 y	2.4 ± 1.17 y	3.0 ± 1.24 y
Water	8.6 ± 0.94 x	10.3 ± 1.31 x	11.3 ± 0.94 z	13.4 ± 1.41 z	10.9 ± 0.14 z	12.1 ± 3.15 z
Acarbose	–		2.2 ± 0.001		1.3 ± 0.001

EE (%) and TPC (mg GAE · 100 g–1 extract) of the mock privet leaves and fruit_

Extracts	EE		TPC
Extracts	Leaves	Fruit	Leaves	Fruit
Ethyl acetate	2.05 ± 0.003 x	1.47 ± 0.004 x	1,497 ± 1.04 x	1,004 ± 1.19 x
Methanol	16.98 ± 0.010 y	13.83 ± 0.011 y	1,974 ± 3.90 y	1,492 ± 0.23 y
Water	18.02 ± 0.012 y	19.02 ± 0.010 z	2,531 ± 2.75 z	2,260 ± 3.16 z

Analytical characteristics of aqueous extract of mock privet fruit and leaf and their concentration for various solvents used_

Compound name	Morphological part	Ethyl acetate (μg · g^–1 extract)	Methanol (μg · g^–1 extract)	Aqueous (μg · g^–1 extract)	Precursor ion (m/z)	Production (m/z)	Fragmentor energy (V)	Collision energy (V)	Retention time (min)
Flavonols
Rutin	Leaves	430.84 ±3.18	632.16 ±21.78	822.09 ±4.02	609	301	135	35	12.3
	Fruit	24.90 ± 0.10	254.34 ± 4.09	361.94 ± 1.12	609	301	135	35	12.5
Myricetin	Leaves	98 ± 1.63	136.43 ± 2.06	n.d	479	317	135	25	15.30
	Fruit	64 ± 1.08	91 ± 1.38	n.d	479	317	135	25	15.31
Quercetin-3-O-	Leaves	38 ± 1.03	146.43 ± 2.11	34.26 ± 1.03	477	301	135	35	13.2
glucuronide	Fruit	22 ± 1.08	109 ± 0.38	28 ± 0.08	477	301	135	35	13.2
Quercetin	Leaves	29 ± 0.94	204.08 ± 1.06	31.7 ± 0.04	463	301	135	25	12.5
7-O-glucoside	Fruit	26 ± 1.08	121 ± 0.38	30.01 ± 0.08	463	301	135	25	12.5
Luteolin	Leaves	1,098 ± 1.63	2,136.43 ± 12.06	898.23 ± 6.04	447	285	135	25	13.5
7-O-glucoside	Fruit	854 ± 1.08	1,241 ± 1.38	509 ± 0.78	447	285	135	25	13.5
Kaempferol	Leaves	35.12 ± 1.47	148.75 ± 0.32	108.20 ± 2.94	285.2	151	135	20	17.7
aglycone	Fruit	22 ± 0.03	91 ± 0.82	32 ± 0.08	285.2	151	135	20	17.7
Apigenin	Leaves	12 ± 0.07	116.04 ± 2.01	673.91 ± 4.14	269.2	151	135	20	20.6
aglycone	Fruit	n.d	n.d	n.d	269.2	151	135	20	20.6
Anthocyanidins
Cyanidin	Leaves	95 ± 0.50	377.43 ± 6.0	583.17 ± 9.51	595	449	162	30	9.12
3-O-rutinoside	Fruit	101 ± 3.18	641 ± 7.51	1,009 ± 0.78	595	449	162	30	8.99
Cyanidin	Leaves	46.61 ± 0.07	239.40 ± 1.91	398.23 ± 6.04	449	287	162	23	8.07
3-O-glucoside	Fruit	354 ± 1.08	278 ± 0.26	414 ± 11.43	449	287	162	23	8.07
Hydroxycinnamic acids
Ferulic acid	Leaves	233 ± 1.57	316.12 ± 1.45	38.23 ± 1.32	193	149	135	10	13.16
	Fruit	279 ± 1.89	341 ± 1.38	40.92 ± 0.95	193	149	135	10	13.18
Caffeic acid	Leaves	562.17 ± 1.01	1,596 ± 11.37	1,367.40 ± 4.02	179	135	135	15	9.85
	Fruit	202.75 ± 0.70	1,094.04 ± 15.29	615.33 ± 5.42	179	135	135	15	9.85
Rosmarinic acid	Leaves	47 ± 0.54	77.03 ± 1.06	68.23 ± 0.06	359	161	90	20	11.08
	Fruit	29.75 ± 0.68	43.27 ± 0.57	39.87 ± 0.31
5-caffeoy Iquinic	Leaves	498 ± 11.3	636.23 ± 9.84	1,298.23 ± 15.04	353	191	135	30	9.5
acid	Fruit	106 ± 1.08	364 ± 2.31	609 ± 7.91	353	191	135	30	9.4
Secoiridoids
Oleuropein	Leaves	947.93 ± 10.02	571.19 ± 3.16	123.98 ± 2.49	539	275	165	20	6.3
	Fruit	322.05 ± 0.88	149 ± 1.42	87.49 ± 0.91	539	275	165	20	6.3

Phytochemicals from Phillyrea latifolia L. leaves and fruit extracted with various solvents: Their identification and quantification by LC-MS and antihyperglycemic effects

Figures & Tables

Antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (IC50 mg · mL–1) for mock privet leaf and fruit extracts and acarbose 1 mg · mL–1_

EE (%) and TPC (mg GAE · 100 g–1 extract) of the mock privet leaves and fruit_

Analytical characteristics of aqueous extract of mock privet fruit and leaf and their concentration for various solvents used_

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