Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
PCA of the studied traits_
| F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eigen value | 5.40 | 3.18 | 2.27 | 1.68 | 1.50 | 1.49 | 1.27 | 1.06 |
| Variability (%) | 23.48 | 13.84 | 9.86 | 7.33 | 6.54 | 6.49 | 5.54 | 4.62 |
| Cumulative% | 23.48 | 37.32 | 47.18 | 54.51 | 61.05 | 67.53 | 73.07 | 77.69 |
Variation in stone attributes of 50 date palm genotypes_
| Genotype name | SW (g) | SL (cm) | SD (cm) | ST (cm) | SP (cm) | SA (cm2) | SV (cm3) | P:S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akhrot | 1.04 l–r | 1.68 p–r | 0.84 f–k | 0.70 j–n | 5.05 o–t | 0.81 tu | 4.15 q–w | 12.42 b–e |
| Angoor | 1.12 i–o | 1.06 vw | 0.59 p–s | 0.69 j–n | 3.95 t–v | 0.35 x | 1.80 xy | 7.78 d–i |
| Aseel | 1.10 j–p | 2.02 i–n | 0.57 p–s | 2.13 b–d | 5.95 j–p | 1.02 m–t | 10.23 g–i | 7.28 e–i |
| Baidhar | 1.00 m–r | 1.57 q–s | 0.82 g–l | 0.60 k–o | 4.35 s–v | 0.89 q–u | 3.23 s–x | 10.89 b–f |
| Begum Jangi | 0.95 n–s | 1.66 p–r | 0.50 s | 0.79 jk | 7.48 d–h | 1.15 k–p | 2.92 u–y | 7.82 d–i |
| Burhami | 1.22 f–l | 2.01 i–n | 0.58 p–s | 0.71 j–n | 4.61 q–u | 0.93 p–u | 3.43 r–x | 4.53 g–i |
| Champa Kali | 1.32 c–i | 1.25 t–v | 0.69 l–p | 0.76 j–l | 3.90 t–v | 0.48 wx | 2.81 u–y | 8.71 c–i |
| Chohara | 1.31 d–j | 2.42 b–e | 0.84 e–k | 2.31 b | 5.72 k–q | 1.42 g–i | 19.62 b | 6.93 e–i |
| Danda | 0.70 u | 0.91 w | 0.80 g–l | 2.13 b–d | 7.90 c–f | 1.22 i–m | 6.46 k–p | 5.29 f–i |
| Dedhi | 1.70 a | 2.59 a–c | 0.92 c–g | 2.88 a | 7.23 d–i | 1.68 d–f | 29.08 a | 6.83 e–i |
| Deglet Noor | 1.30 d–j | 2.19 e–k | 0.91 c–h | 1.38 h | 7.71 d–g | 1.42 g–i | 11.52 f–h | 5.14 f–i |
| Dhakki | 1.28 d–k | 2.51 a–d | 0.74 k–o | 1.81 fg | 7.08 d–j | 1.49 f–h | 14.00 c–e | 15.49 b |
| Eedel Shah | 0.92 o–u | 2.68 ab | 0.87 d–j | 0.72 j–m | 8.13 b–d | 1.76 c–e | 7.01 k–n | 14.26 bc |
| Fasli | 1.44 b–e | 1.93 j–p | 0.84 e–k | 1.67 g | 5.30 n–s | 1.03 m–s | 11.75 e–g | 8.77 c–i |
| Gajar | 1.43 b–f | 1.77 n–r | 0.64 o–r | 0.50 no | 6.40 h–n | 0.51 wx | 2.41 v–y | 7.68 d–i |
| Gokhna | 1.38 c–g | 1.17 vw | 0.76 j–o | 0.73 j–m | 6.84 f–k | 1.58 e–g | 2.86 u–y | 6.17 f–i |
| Haleeni | 1.07 k–q | 2.32 c–h | 0.95 b–f | 0.78 j–l | 7.94 c–f | 1.83 b–d | 7.23 j–m | 6.19 e–i |
| Halmain | 0.97 n–s | 2.70 a | 1.02 bc | 0.76 j–m | 9.03 a–c | 2.01 b | 8.73 i–k | 9.16 c–h |
| Hamin Wali | 1.33 c–i | 1.92 k–p | 0.65 m–q | 0.43 o | 5.33 m–s | 0.58 vw | 2.34 v–y | 7.10 e–i |
| Hilawi-1 | 0.89 p–u | 2.23 d–i | 0.99 b–d | 0.72 j–m | 9.29 ab | 2.39 a | 6.81 k–o | 8.52 c–i |
| Hilawi-2 | 0.92 o–u | 1.89 l–p | 0.86 e–k | 0.63 j–o | 9.41 a | 0.97 n–u | 4.40 p–w | 8.31 c–i |
| Jaman | 1.12 i–o | 2.34 c–g | 0.97 b–e | 0.81 i–k | 8.05 c–e | 1.42 g–i | 7.58 j–l | 7.14 e–i |
| Jan Sahr | 1.53 a–c | 1.93 k–p | 0.90 c–i | 0.75 j–m | 5.17 o–s | 0.89 q–u | 5.52 l–r | 8.31 c–i |
| Kantar | 1.13 i–o | 2.14 e–l | 0.78 h–m | 2.19 bc | 7.84 d–f | 1.07 l–r | 15.54 cd | 7.80 d–i |
| Karbalaen | 0.97 n–s | 2.02 i–n | 0.95 b–f | 0.70 j–n | 6.95 e–j | 1.39 g–j | 5.69 l–r | 10.50 b–g |
| Khudrawi-1 | 1.16 h–n | 1.29 s–v | 0.55 q–s | 0.79 jk | 6.48 h–m | 0.58 vw | 2.62 v–y | 8.53 c–i |
| Khudrawi-2 | 1.07 k–q | 1.68 p–r | 0.77 i–n | 0.67 j–n | 6.46 h–n | 0.83 s–u | 3.63 r–x | 4.11 hi |
| Kohraba | 1.19 g–m | 2.06 h–m | 0.90 c–h | 0.67 j–n | 4.74 q–u | 0.82 s–u | 5.24 m–t | 5.84 f–i |
| Koznabad | 1.09 j–p | 0.54 x | 0.54 q–s | 0.70 j–n | 3.43 v | 0.43 wx | 0.93 y | 5.88 f–i |
| Kupra | 1.07 k–q | 1.91 l–p | 0.80 g–l | 0.68 j–n | 5.39 m–s | 0.95 o–u | 4.37 p–w | 13.80 b–d |
| Kur | 1.37 c–h | 1.98 i–o | 0.74 k–o | 0.69 j–n | 5.13 o–s | 0.93 p–u | 4.30 p–w | 7.31 e–i |
| Makhi | 0.76 s–u | 1.82 m–q | 1.08 ab | 0.73 j–m | 9.72 a | 2.36 a | 6.08 l–q | 8.24 c–i |
| Makran | 1.62 ab | 1.83 m–q | 0.64 n–r | 0.84 ij | 4.81 p–u | 0.51 wx | 4.21 p–w | 9.92 b–h |
| Neelum | 1.41 b–g | 0.89 w | 0.63 o–r | 1.91 ef | 5.99 j–o | 1.23 i–m | 4.60 o–v | 6.46 e–i |
| Pathri | 0.73 tu | 2.01 i–n | 0.90 c–j | 2.13 b–d | 5.56 l–r | 1.17 j–o | 15.96 c | 8.33 c–i |
| Peela Dhora | 1.14 i–o | 1.71 o–r | 0.63 o–r | 0.76 j–m | 4.73 q–u | 0.44 wx | 3.43 r–x | 6.07 f–i |
| Peeli Sundar | 0.92 o–u | 1.93 k–p | 0.50 s | 0.57 l–o | 9.84 a | 0.84 s–u | 2.23 w–y | 11.15 b–f |
| Rachna | 1.45 b–e | 1.72 o–r | 0.95 b–f | 0.71 j–n | 6.63 g–l | 0.93 q–u | 5.04 m–u | 10.84 b–f |
| Seib | 1.07 k–q | 1.68 p–r | 0.77 i–n | 0.67 j–n | 6.46 h–n | 0.83 s–u | 3.63 r–x | 4.11 hi |
| Shado | 1.02 l–r | 2.07 g–m | 0.83 f–k | 0.69 j–n | 7.95 c–f | 1.19 j–n | 4.92 n–u | 2.55 i |
| Shakri | 1.49 a–d | 1.49 r–u | 0.60 p–s | 0.63 j–o | 7.39 d–h | 0.85 r–u | 2.47 v–y | 5.61 f–i |
| Shamran-1 | 0.99 m–r | 1.52 r–t | 0.65 n–q | 0.68 j–n | 4.34 s–v | 0.39 wx | 3.02 t–y | 4.59 g–i |
| Shamran-2 | 0.93 o–t | 1.69 p–r | 0.87 d–k | 2.17 b–d | 6.08 i–o | 1.10 l–q | 13.41 d–f | 26.97 a |
| Sufaida | 0.84 r–u | 2.13 f–l | 0.73 k–o | 0.64 j–o | 4.56 r–v | 0.78 uv | 4.26 p–w | 9.01 c–h |
| Sundari | 0.87 q–u | 2.21 e–j | 1.18 a | 1.02 i | 7.30 d–h | 1.74 c–e | 10.91 g–i | 7.59 d–i |
| Tarmali | 0.83 r–u | 1.94 j–p | 0.91 c–h | 2.08 c–e | 5.66 l–r | 1.28 h–l | 15.30 cd | 6.10 f–i |
| Wahn Wali | 0.94 n–t | 2.55 a–c | 0.92 c–g | 0.54 m–o | 7.93 c–f | 1.92 bc | 5.36 l–s | 4.95 f–i |
| Zahidi | 1.24 e–l | 2.40 b–f | 0.51 rs | 0.83 ij | 3.89 uv | 0.85 s–u | 4.23 p–w | 8.16 c–i |
| Zardo | 1.07 k–q | 1.68 p–r | 0.77 i–n | 0.67 j–n | 6.46 h–n | 0.83 s–u | 3.63 r–x | 4.11 hi |
| Zarin | 0.84 r–u | 1.22 uv | 0.92 c–g | 1.98 d–f | 5.94 j–p | 1.36 g–k | 9.40 h–j | 8.42 c–i |
| SE | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.58 | 0.11 | 1.15 | 3.17 |
| SD | 0.24 | 0.47 | 0.90 | 0.63 | 1.65 | 0.50 | 5.579 | 0.24 |
| CV | 21.18 | 25.35 | 95.41 | 59.98 | 26.06 | 44.97 | 77.85 | 21.18 |
| LSD 5% | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 1.16 | 0.22 | 2.27 | 6.24 |
| F-value | 9.37** | 22.22** | 11.30** | 15.78** | 15.78** | 37.81** | 43.12** | 2.96** |
Pearson correlation matrix among physico-chemical characteristics of 50 date palm genotypes_
| Trait | FW | PW | SW | PS | FL | FD | FT | FP | FA | FV | SL | SD | ST | S:P | SA | SV | MO | DM | TSS | PH | RSs | NRSs | CA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FW | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| PW | 0.99** | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SW | 0.56** | 0.51** | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| PS | 0.61** | 0.64** | -0.09 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| FL | 0.38** | 0.37** | 0.28* | 0.17 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| FD | 0.47** | 0.46** | 0.28 | 0.29* | 0.60** | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| FT | 0.46** | 0.48** | 0.10 | 0.45** | 0.18 | 0.31* | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| FP | 0.37** | 0.38** | 0.14 | 0.32* | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| FA | 0.63** | 0.63** | 0.36* | 0.43* | 0.27 | 0.51** | 0.43** | 0.57** | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| FV | 0.60** | 0.62** | 0.24 | 0.42** | 0.68** | 0.86** | 0.64** | 0.18 | 0.53** | 1 | |||||||||||||
| SL | 0.15 | 0.15 | -0.01 | 0.11 | 0.30* | 0.29* | 0.28 | -0.03 | 0.10 | 0.35* | 1 | ||||||||||||
| SD | 0.02 | 0.03 | -0.02 | 0.03 | -0.09 | -0.13 | -0.06 | -0.06 | -0.09 | -0.11 | -0.11 | 1 | |||||||||||
| ST | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.06 | -0.04 | 1 | ||||||||||
| SP | -0.11 | -0.10 | -0.29* | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | -0.05 | -0.11 | 0.04 | 0.37* | 0.08 | 0.04 | 1 | |||||||||
| SA | -0.08 | -0.07 | -0.28* | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.14 | -0.11 | -0.04 | 0.17 | 0.50** | -0.04 | 0.24 | 0.70** | 1 | ||||||||
| SV | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.39* | 0.35* | 0.79** | 0.19 | 0.36* | 1 | |||||||
| MO | -0.17 | -0.16 | -0.16 | -0.02 | 0.29* | 0.13 | 0.07 | -0.03 | -0.04 | 0.15 | 0.32* | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 1 | ||||||
| DM | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.02 | -0.29* | -0.13 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 0.04 | -0.15 | -0.31* | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.18 | -0.17 | -0.10 | -0.99** | 1 | |||||
| TSS | 0.29* | 0.30* | 0.16 | 0.18 | -0.11 | -0.09 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.15 | -0.07 | 0.14 | 0.01 | -0.07 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.09 | -0.05 | 0.05 | 1 | ||||
| PH | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.05 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.10 | -0.04 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.23 | -0.10 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 1 | |||
| RS | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.89 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.17 | -0.08 | 0.15 | 0.31* | -0.06 | 0.06 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 1 | ||
| NR | -0.20 | -0.19 | -0.23 | -0.16 | -0.07 | -0.08 | -0.17 | -0.05 | -0.19 | -0.12 | -0.08 | 0.08 | -0.05 | 0.07 | -0.13 | -0.09 | 0.20 | 0.20 | -0.09 | 0.03 | -0.62** | 1 | |
| CA | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.18 | 0.07 | -0.18 | -0.05 | -0.15 | -0.15 | -0.17 | -0.13 | 0.08 | -0.04 | -0.07 | 0.19 | 0.24 | -0.04 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.20 | -0.08 | 1 |
Date palm cultivars collected from 2 different research stations of Punjab, Pakistan_
| Genotype code | Genotype name | Collection site |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Akhrot | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 2 | Angoor | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 3 | Aseel | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 4 | Baidhar | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 5 | Begum Jangi | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 6 | Burhami | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 7 | Champa Kali | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 8 | Chohara | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 9 | Danda | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 10 | Dedhi | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 11 | Deglet Noor | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 12 | Dhakki | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 13 | Eedel Shah | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 14 | Fasli | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 15 | Gajar | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 16 | Gokhna | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 17 | Haleeni | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 18 | Halmain | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 19 | Hamin Wali | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 20 | Hilawi-1 | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 21 | Hilawi-2 | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 22 | Jaman | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 23 | Jan Sahr | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 24 | Kantar | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 25 | Karbalaen | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 26 | Khudrawi-1 | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 27 | Khudrawi-2 | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 28 | Kohraba | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 29 | Koznabad | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 30 | Kupra | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 31 | Kur | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 32 | Makhi | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 33 | Makran | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 34 | Neelum | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 35 | Pathri | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 36 | Peela Dhora | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 37 | Peeli Sundar | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 38 | Rachna | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 39 | Seib | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 40 | Shado | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 41 | Shakri | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 42 | Shamran-1 | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 43 | Shamran-2 | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 44 | Sufaida | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 45 | Sundari | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 46 | Tarmali | Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur |
| 47 | Wahn Wali | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 48 | Zahidi | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 49 | Zardo | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
| 50 | Zarin | Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang |
Variation in fruit attributes of 50 date palm genotypes_
| Genotype name | FW (g) | PW (g) | FL (cm) | FD (cm) | FT (cm) | FP (cm) | FA (cm2) | FV (cm3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akhrot | 13.89 ef | 12.85 de | 3.56 m–s | 3.21 e–g | 3.25 d–h | 10.81 h–k | 9.56 c–e | 155.53 gh |
| Angoor | 9.85 lm | 8.73 l–o | 4.06 h–n | 2.31 p–v | 2.30 m–r | 10.03 l–p | 7.68 ij | 89.91 n–t |
| Aseel | 9.01 m–o | 7.97 o–r | 4.46 f–i | 2.55 k–r | 3.04 d–j | 11.57 ef | 8.82 g | 144.62 hi |
| Baidhar | 11.09 h–j | 10.10 gh | 3.55 n–s | 2.24 r–w | 3.01 e–k | 10.24 j–o | 5.94 no | 101.07 m–r |
| Begum Jangi | 8.37 n–q | 7.42 r–u | 3.75 k–r | 1.73 zA | 1.80 qr | 13.34 a | 5.12 q–s | 54.34 wx |
| Burhami | 6.73 t–v | 5.52 x–z | 4.48 f–i | 3.58 cd | 3.12 d–i | 7.61 v | 5.49 o–q | 208.82 ef |
| Champa Kali | 12.89 g | 11.58 f | 3.73 l–r | 2.49 l–s | 2.70 g–o | 11.44 e–h | 6.97 k | 105.22 l–p |
| Chohara | 10.33 j–l | 9.03 j–m | 3.82 j–r | 2.31 p–v | 3.61 b–e | 9.78 n–q | 9.45 c–f | 133.3 4 h–l |
| Danda | 4.41 y | 3.72 B | 2.36 v | 1.91 x–A | 1.86 qr | 6.56 wx | 3.85 v–x | 34.86 x |
| Dedhi | 13.22 fg | 11.52 f | 4.34 f–j | 2.94 g–j | 2.40 k–q | 12.31 cd | 9.67 cd | 128.75 h–m |
| Deglet Noor | 8.02 p–r | 6.72 t–v | 3.75 k–r | 2.36 o–u | 3.32 c–h | 10.38 i–n | 6.72 kl | 119.03 i–n |
| Dhakki | 20.93 a | 19.62 a | 6.62 b | 5.23 a | 4.22 b | 10.72 i–k | 9.64 cd | 611.99 a |
| Eedel Shah | 13.87 ef | 12.95 de | 3.70 l–s | 2.53 k–r | 9.59 a | 10.69 i–l | 7.64 ij | 375.27 b |
| Fasli | 14.08 ef | 12.65 e | 4.11 g–l | 2.46 m–s | 2.29 m–r | 9.02 r–u | 5.32 p–r | 96.99 n–s |
| Gajar | 11.85 h | 10.43 g | 4.52 f–h | 2.79 h–l | 2.28 n–r | 11.66 d–f | 8.63 gh | 119.63 i–n |
| Gokhna | 9.89 lm | 8.52 l–p | 3.46 o–t | 2.82 h–k | 2.67 h–p | 9.24 q–s | 5.65 n–q | 109.13 j–o |
| Haleeni | 7.72 p–s | 6.66 t–v | 3.37 q–u | 2.39 n–u | 2.97 e–m | 8.55 tu | 4.81 r–t | 99.90 m–r |
| Halmain | 9.85 lm | 8.89 k–n | 4.27 f–k | 2.64 j–o | 2.22 n–r | 10.38 i–n | 8.68 g | 104.80 l–q |
| Hamin Wali | 10.72 i–l | 9.40 h–l | 3.58 m–s | 2.67 j–o | 2.13 n–r | 8.97 s–u | 5.17 q–s | 85.56 o–v |
| Hilawi-1 | 10.67 i–l | 7.13 r–v | 5.76 cd | 4.99 a | 3.04 d–j | 10.44 i–n | 9.08 d–g | 364.33 bc |
| Hilawi-2 | 8.57 n–p | 7.66 p–s | 3.68 l–s | 3.00 f–i | 2.97 e–m | 11.51 e–g | 9.92 c | 137.07 h–k |
| Jaman | 9.10 mn | 7.99 n–r | 9.30 a | 2.93 g–j | 2.01 p–r | 6.25 x | 2.32 y | 231.02 de |
| Jan Sahr | 14.25 de | 12.72 de | 4.48 f–i | 3.50 c–e | 3.33 c–h | 9.79 n–q | 8.95 e–g | 219.83 de |
| Kantar | 9.93 sk–m | 8.80 k–o | 5.21 e | 4.53 b | 3.70 b–d | 9.15 q–t | 7.71 ij | 365.30 bc |
| Karbalaen | 11.21 h–j | 10.25 gh | 3.35 r–u | 2.57 k–q | 2.75 f–n | 11.97 de | 7.15 jk | 99.61 m–r |
| Khudrawi-1 | 10.80 i–k | 9.65 g–k | 3.48 o–s | 2.03 v–z | 2.35 k–q | 9.65 o–r | 5.71 n–q | 69.30 s–w |
| Khudrawi-2 | 5.42 x | 4.35 AB | 3.56 m–s | 1.98 w–A | 1.87 qr | 9.39 p–s | 5.09 q–s | 56.19 v–x |
| Kohraba | 8.17 o–r | 6.99 s–v | 3.45 p–t | 2.61 k–p | 2.03 o–r | 5.21 y | 4.68 s–u | 77.30 p–w |
| Koznabad | 7.47 q–t | 6.39 v–x | 3.97 i–p | 2.26 q–w | 2.31 l–r | 10.60 i–m | 6.94 k | 86.58 o–u |
| Kupra | 15.76 c | 14.70 c | 4.61 fg | 3.27 d–f | 3.37 c–g | 11.64 ef | 10.56 b | 214.42 e |
| Kur | 11.30 hi | 9.94 g–i | 3.98 i–o | 2.69 i–n | 2.98 e–l | 10.90 g–j | 8.01 hi | 134.04 h–l |
| Makhi | 6.99 s–u | 6.24 v–x | 2.88 u | 1.71 A | 1.78 qr | 7.10 vw | 3.35 x | 37.80 x |
| Makran | 17.55 b | 15.94 b | 6.25 bc | 3.27 d–f | 4.00 bc | 13.03 ab | 12.30 a | 342.77 c |
| Neelum | 10.47 i–l | 9.07 i–m | 4.67 f | 3.61 c | 3.51 c–e | 9.70 o–q | 9.81 c | 247.63 d |
| Pathri | 6.45 u–w | 5.74 w–y | 2.95 tu | 2.35 o–v | 1.96 qr | 8.87 r–u | 4.46 t–v | 57.12 u–x |
| Peela Dhora | 7.87 p–s | 6.74 s–v | 4.62 fg | 1.86 y–A | 3.95 bc | 12.64 bc | 5.70 n–q | 138.43 h–j |
| Peeli Sundar | 11.04 h–j | 10.13 gh | 3.55 n–s | 2.13 t–y | 2.37 j–q | 10.23 k–o | 6.69 k–m | 70.96 r–w |
| Rachna | 15.03 cd | 13.59 d | 3.45 p–t | 2.73 h–m | 2.33 k–q | 8.87 s–u | 5.29 p–s | 95.26 n–s |
| Seib | 5.42 x | 4.36 AB | 3.56 m–s | 1.98 w–A | 1.87 qr | 9.39 p–s | 5.09 q–s | 56.19 v–x |
| Shado | 3.50 z | 2.49 C | 3.66 l–s | 2.80 h–l | 1.64 r | 8.91 s–u | 3.23 x | 71.31 r–w |
| Shakri | 9.88 lm | 8.39 m–q | 3.89 j–q | 2.37 n–u | 2.46 i–q | 9.71 o–q | 6.09 m–o | 95.07 n–s |
| Shamran-1 | 5.55 wx | 4.56 AB | 3.69 l–s | 2.20 s–x | 1.81 qr | 8.92 s–u | 4.17 u–w | 64.75 t–x |
| Shamran-2 | 9.85 lm | 8.93 k–m | 4.08 h–m | 3.01 f–h | 3.42 c–f | 10.99 f–i | 7.99 i | 179.38 fg |
| Sufaida | 8.32 n–q | 7.49 q–t | 4.45 f–i | 2.44 m–t | 2.34 k–q | 10.02 m–p | 6.15 l–n | 108.62 j–o |
| Sundari | 7.41 r–t | 6.55 u–w | 3.67 l–s | 2.38 n–u | 2.75 f–n | 9.79 n–q | 6.07 no | 100.13 m–r |
| Tarmali | 5.89 v–x | 5.06 y–A | 4.43 f–i | 2.56 k–q | 2.25 n–r | 11.96 de | 8.87 fg | 106.86 k–p |
| Wahn Wali | 5.55 wx | 4.61 z–B | 3.61 l–s | 2.12 u–y | 1.85 qr | 8.46 u | 3.60 wx | 61.06 t–x |
| Zahidi | 11.10 h–j | 9.87 g–j | 5.43 de | 4.56 b | 3.32 c–h | 8.84 s–u | 7.3 1 jk | 346.34 bc |
| Zardo | 5.42 x | 4.35 AB | 3.56 m–s | 1.98 w–A | 1.87 qr | 9.39 p–s | 5.09 q–s | 56.19 v–x |
| Zarin | 7.93 p–r | 7.10 r–v | 3.19 s–u | 2.29 q–w | 2.43 j–q | 10.50 i–m | 5.86 n–p | 74.55 q–w |
| SE | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 15.82 |
| SD | 3.57 | 3.44 | 1.11 | 0.77 | 1.19 | 1.87 | 2.23 | 112.50 |
| CV | 36.77 | 40.09 | 27.13 | 28.43 | 42.54 | 18.95 | 33.06 | 77.70 |
| LSD 5% | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.52 | 0.31 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 31.20 |
| F-value | 117.48** | 108.41** | 33.53** | 45.77** | 23.37** | 47.62** | 103.17** | 100.88** |
Variance decomposition for the optimal classification of studied genotypes_
| Absolute | Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Within-cluster | 4,136.636 | 31.52 |
| Between-clusters | 8,985.867 | 68.48 |
| Total | 13,122.504 | 100.00 |
Variation in biochemical properties of 50 date palm cultivars_
| Genotype name | MO (%) | DM (%) | TSS (°Brix) | Juice pH | RSs (%) | NRSs (%) | Carotenoids (μg · g−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akhrot | 61.17 l–p | 38.83 g–k | 14.57 n–t | 6.26 r–t | 40.40 l–t | 10.99 b–e | 0.04 e |
| Angoor | 66.99 h–k | 33.01 l–o | 15.50 h–o | 5.39 wx | 38.29 o–u | 11.28 b–d | 0.03 f |
| Aseel | 62.77 j–o | 37.23 h–m | 15.07 k–p | 7.06 a–e | 35.25 s–v | 11.50 b | 0.04 e |
| Baidhar | 37.41 v | 62.59 a | 16.50 c–h | 6.47 n–r | 63.24 a | 5.29 k | 0.06 c |
| Begum Jangi | 64.77 i–n | 35.23 i–n | 14.82 l–r | 5.55 vw | 27.75 x | 11.41 bc | 0.03 f |
| Burhami | 73.81 d–f | 26.19 q–s | 14.24 p–u | 6.99 b–f | 16.30 z | 9.48 b–i | 0.04 e |
| Champa Kali | 69.36 f–i | 30.64 n–q | 18.83 a | 6.21 st | 44.35 i–o | 10.38 b–f | 0.03 f |
| Chohara | 64.24 i–n | 35.76 i–n | 17.07 b–d | 6.50 l–q | 61.81 ab | 5.78 jk | 0.03 f |
| Danda | 46.73 tu | 53.27 bc | 13.25 u | 5.87 u | 27.92 wx | 11.41 bc | 0.03 f |
| Dedhi | 65.74 h–l | 34.26 k–o | 16.74 b–f | 6.70 h–n | 60.26 a–c | 7.84 f–k | 0.03 f |
| Deglet Noor | 56.89 p–r | 43.11 e–g | 14.66 m–s | 6.65 i–n | 29.53 v–x | 11.55 b | 0.04 e |
| Dhakki | 61.07 l–p | 38.93 g–k | 16.32 d–i | 6.75 g–k | 47.22 f–l | 9.70 b–i | 0.04 e |
| Eedel Shah | 75.54 c–e | 24.46 r–t | 15.66 g–m | 6.51 l–p | 46.67 g–m | 9.70 b–i | 0.03 f |
| Fasli | 57.09 p–r | 42.91 e–g | 16.00 e–k | 6.39 p–t | 43.45 j–p | 9.70 b–i | 0.04 e |
| Gajar | 61.58 k–p | 38.42 g–l | 16.16 d–j | 6.64 i–o | 55.93 b–e | 6.93 i–k | 0.04 e |
| Gokhna | 61.11 l–p | 38.89 g–k | 15.08 k–p | 5.75 uv | 29.92 v–x | 11.54 b | 0.03 f |
| Haleeni | 65.51 h–m | 34.49 j–o | 14.82 l–r | 6.38 p–t | 46.13 h–n | 9.58 b–i | 0.04 e |
| Halmain | 74.11 d–f | 25.89 q–s | 16.32 d–i | 7.22 a | 37.66 o–u | 11.33 b–d | 0.05 d |
| Hamin Wali | 61.00 l–p | 39.00 g–k | 16.24 d–i | 6.48 m–r | 25.67 xy | 11.32 b–d | 0.03 f |
| Hilawi-1 | 73.03 d–g | 26.97 p–s | 15.66 g–m | 7.14 a–c | 46.56 g–m | 9.81 b–h | 0.03 f |
| Hilawi-2 | 76.69 cd | 23.31 st | 14.49 o–t | 6.94 c–g | 35.55 r–v | 11.61 b | 0.04 e |
| Jaman | 83.34 ab | 16.66 uv | 13.91 r–u | 6.64 i–o | 41.99 k–t | 10.97 b–e | 0.03 f |
| Jan Sahr | 43.22 u | 56.78 b | 13.58 tu | 5.71 uv | 57.12 a–d | 7.14 h–k | 0.05 d |
| Kantar | 70.87 e–h | 29.13 o–r | 13.9 q–u | 6.70 g–m | 36.17 q–v | 11.45 bc | 0.03 f |
| Karbalaen | 47.07 tu | 52.93 bc | 14.91 l–r | 6.41 o–s | 38.87 n–u | 11.23 b–d | 0.03 f |
| Khudrawi-1 | 61.47 k–p | 38.53 g–l | 15.58 g–n | 7.1 a–d | 38.02 o–u | 11.74 b | 0.03 f |
| Khudrawi-2 | 35.42 v | 64.58 a | 14.82 l–r | 7.18 ab | 25.57 xy | 11.26 bcd | 0.03 f |
| Kohraba | 64.5 i–n | 35.49 i–n | 14.99 k–q | 6.85 e–i | 39.55 m–u | 11.29 b–d | 0.03 f |
| Koznabad | 56.67 p–r | 43.33 e–g | 14.66 m–s | 6.55 k–p | 40.83 l–t | 11.03 b–e | 0.03 f |
| Kupra | 65.94 h–l | 34.06 k–o | 17.66 b | 7.08 a–e | 27.45 x | 11.38 bc | 0.06 c |
| Kur | 62.08 k–p | 37.92 g–l | 16.58 c–g | 6.58 j–p | 36.33 p–v | 11.44 bc | 0.03 f |
| Makhi | 70.53 e–h | 29.47 o–r | 16.32 d–i | 6.91 c–h | 54.08 c–f | 8.20 e–j | 0.09 a |
| Makran | 78.19 b–d | 21.81 s–u | 14.99 k–q | 6.39 p–t | 40.56 l–t | 11.22 b–d | 0.03 f |
| Neelum | 61.50 k–p | 38.50 g–l | 14.99 k–q | 6.34 p–t | 53.07 c–h | 8.51 d–j | 0.04 e |
| Pathri | 66.03 h–l | 33.97 k–o | 16.91 b–e | 6.72 g–l | 50.06 d–j | 16.85 a | 0.06 c |
| Peela Dhora | 66.05 h–l | 33.95 k–o | 14.75 l–s | 6.27 q–t | 30.36 v–x | 11.59 b | 0.03 f |
| Peeli Sundar | 54.63 o–s | 45.37 d–f | 17.41 bc | 6.17 t | 26.10 xy | 11.29 b–d | 0.03 f |
| Rachna | 57.46 o–r | 42.54 e–h | 15.41 i–o | 5.18 xy | 43.30 j–q | 10.61 b–f | 0.05 d |
| Seib | 89.00 a | 11.00 v | 15.32 i–o | 5.11 y | 44.70 i–o | 10.38 b–f | 0.04 e |
| Shado | 87.04 a | 12.96 v | 15.66 g–m | 5.27 xy | 32.71 u–x | 11.52 b | 0.08 b |
| Shakri | 50.81 st | 49.19 cd | 18.75 a | 7.03 a–f | 36.07 q–v | 11.54 b | 0.03 f |
| Shamran-1 | 70.58 e–h | 29.42 o–r | 14.91 l–r | 6.69 h–n | 51.38 d–i | 8.98 b–i | 0.03 f |
| Shamran-2 | 73.77 d–f | 26.23 q–s | 15.16 j–p | 6.22 st | 53.63 c–g | 8.62 cj | 0.04 e |
| Sufaida | 67.77 g–j | 32.23 m–p | 15.74 f–l | 5.85 u | 49.11 e–k | 9.32 b–i | 0.03 f |
| Sundari | 53.64 rs | 46.36 de | 17.16 b–d | 6.90 d–h | 56.70 a–d | 7.48 g–k | 0.03 f |
| Tarmali | 75.29 c–e | 24.71 r–t | 15.16 j–p | 6.49 l–r | 30.17 v–x | 11.61 b | 0.03 f |
| Wahn Wali | 80.63 bc | 19.37 tu | 15.00 k–q | 6.81 f–j | 35.09 t–w | 11.58 b | 0.03 f |
| Zahidi | 59.47 n–q | 40.53 f–i | 14.99 k–q | 6.90 d–h | 42.38 k–s | 10.76 b–e | 0.03 f |
| Zardo | 59.87 m–q | 40.13 f–j | 14.74 l–s | 6.90 d–h | 42.58 k–r | 10.72 b–e | 0.04 e |
| Zarin | 63.49 j–n | 36.51 i–m | 13.74 s–u | 6.35 p–t | 19.47 yz | 10.12 b–g | 0.03 f |
| SE | 2.11 | 2.09 | 0.47 | 0.10 | 2.60 | 1.11 | 0.02 |
| SD | 11.25 | 11.25 | 1.20 | 0.53 | 11.04 | 1.87 | 0.01 |
| CV | 17.51 | 31.48 | 7.75 | 8.28 | 27.16 | 18.06 | 25.43 |
| LSD 5% | 4.14 | 4.13 | 0.93 | 0.19 | 5.12 | 2.18 | 0.03 |
| F-value | 57.60** | 58.63** | 12.94** | 3.96** | 36.20** | 5.68** | 3.90* |