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Morphological characteristics of flower organs and in vitro micropropagation of male sterile lines of Lilium hybrids Cover

Morphological characteristics of flower organs and in vitro micropropagation of male sterile lines of Lilium hybrids

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 35 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)
By: ,  ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Jun 2023
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Comparison of pollen germination. (A) Pollen germination of ‘5-21’. (B) Pollen germination of ‘Pollyanna’.

Table 1.

The pollen germination rate of the parent lily.

NumberVarietiesGermination rate (%)Average germination rate (%)
A7Pollyanna88.3486.0890.2288.21
A8Prato94.8792.6793.7893.77
A9Sorbonne80.5383.7286.4783.57
Table 2.

Description of stigma receptivity of ‘3-12’ lily.

GenotypeStigma receptivity at different days after anthesis
01234567
‘3-1’−+++++++++++−
‘5-4’−−−−−−−−
‘5-35’−++++++++−
‘0-0.2’−+++++++−
‘5-21’−+++++++++++−
‘3-12’−++++++++++++−

1 −, no reaction; +, weak positive reaction; ++, strong positive reaction; +++, very strong positive reaction.

Table 3.

The relationship between stigma secretion and stigma receptivity.

GenotypeThe time at which a secretion began to appear on the stigma (days after anthesis)The time at which a secretion began to peak (days after anthesis)The time at which the stigma began to be receptive (days after anthesis)The time at which stigma receptivity began to peak (days after anthesis)
‘3-1’1223
‘5-4’24--
‘5-35’1324
‘0-0.2’3434
‘5-21’2335
‘3-12’0234
Figure 2.

The ‘5-35’ stigmas from 1 to 6 days after anthesis (DAA). (A) Stigmas after treatment with benzidine-H2O2 solution. (B) Stigmas showing no reaction but wet secretions..

Figure 3.

Stigma cross sections. (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’, and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 4.

Stigma vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 5.

Ovary cross-sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 6.

Ovary vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 7.

Filament vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 8.

Comparison of seeds of lily: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-35’, (C) ‘0-0.2’, (D) ‘5-21’, (E) ‘3-12’ and (F) ‘Sorbonne’.

Table 4.

The relationship between receptivity and seeding in offspring of plant hybridisation.

NumberCultivarReceptivitySeedingPicture
1‘3-1’++++graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_001.png
2‘5-4’−−−
3‘5-35’++graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_002.png
4‘0-0.2’++++graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_003.png
5‘5-21’++graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_004.png
6‘3-12’++++graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_005.png

1 −, no reaction or no seeds; +, weak positive reaction or seeds; ++, strong positive reaction or seeds; blank space, no seeds.

Table 5.

The seed of filial generation Lilium.

CombinationSeeding rate (%)Seed morphology1,000 seed weight (g)
A1 × A732Orange, shrivelled0.017
A2 × A736Yellow, shrivelled0.021
A3 × A726Yellow, shrivelled0.018
A4 × A739Bright yellow, shrivelled0.016
A5 × A722Bright yellow, shrivelled0.019
A6 × A725Bright yellow, shrivelled0.017
Figure 9.

Chromosomal conventional tablets: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’ and (G) ‘Pollyanna’.

Figure 10.

In vitro culture initiation and adventitious bud multiplication. (A) Triploid control plants, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) diploid control plants, (D) ‘5-35’.

Supplementary Figure 1.

Effects of different media on induction of adventitious buds of male sterile lily ‘5-4’: (A) no NAA and no 6-BA; (B) 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L-1 6-BA; (C) 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA; (D) 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA; (E) 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L-1 6-BA; (F) 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA; (G) 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA; (H) 1.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L-1 6-BA; (I) 1.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA; and (J) 1.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA.

Supplementary Figure 2.

Effects of different media on adventitious bud induction of male sterile lily ‘5-35’: (A) no NAA and no 6-BA; (B) 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L-1 6-BA; (C) 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA; (D) 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA; (E) 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L-1 6-BA; (F) 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA; (G) 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA; (H) 1.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L-1 6-BA; (I) 1.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA; and (J) 1.5 mg · L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA.

Supplementary Figure 3.

Effects of different media on the proliferation of adventitious buds of male sterile lily: (A) 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA; (B) 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA; (C) 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA; (D) 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L-1 NAA; (E) 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA; (F) 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA; (G) 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L-1 NAA; (H) 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA; and (I) 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA.

Supplementary Figure 4.

Effects of different media on the proliferation of adventitious buds of male sterile lily ‘535’: (A) 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA; (B) 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA; (C) 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA; (D) 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L-1 NAA; (E) 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA; (F) 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA; (G) 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L-1 NAA; (H) 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L-1 NAA; and (I) 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L-1 NAA.

Supplementary Figure 5.

Rooting of male sterile lilies: (A) ‘5-4’ seedling and (B) ‘5-35’ seedling.

Supplementary Figure 6.

Morphological traits of ‘5-4’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 7.

The size of petals, filaments, and stigmas of ‘5-4’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 8.

Morphological traits of ‘5-35’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 9.

Size of petals, filaments, and stigmas of ‘5-35’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 10.

Morphological traits of callus of ‘5-4’ in vitro cultures.

Supplementary Figure 11.

Morphological traits of plantlet of ‘5-4’ in vitro cultures.

Supplementary Figure 12.

Morphological traits of callus of ‘5-35’ in vitro cultures.

Supplementary Figure 13.

Morphological traits of plantlet of ‘5-35’ in vitro cultures.

Supplementary Table 1.

Characteristics and locations of parental cultivars and the sampling times of floral organs.

CultivarSeriesPloidyPlant locationSampling timeImage
Pollyanna (A7)AADiploidHarbinJuly 2013graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_006.png
PratoAADiploidHarbinJuly 2013graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_007.png
SorbonneOODiploidHarbinAugust 2013graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_008.png
Pink BeautyAADiploidHarbinAugust 2013graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_009.png
Supplementary Table 2.

Characteristics and locations of hybrid progeny cultivars and the sampling times of floral organs.

CultivarFemale parentMale parentPlant locationSampling timeImage
‘3-1’ (A1)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinJuly 2017graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_010.png
‘5-4’ (A2)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinAugust 2017graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_011.png
‘5-35’ (A3)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinAugust, 2017graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_012.png
‘0-0.2’ (A4)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinSeptember 2017graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_013.png
‘5-21’ (A5)PollyannaPratoHarbinSeptember 2017graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_014.png
‘3-1’ (A1)PollyannaSorbonneHarbinJuly 2017graphic/j_fhort-2023-0001_ingr_015.png
Supplementary Table 3.

Effect of different growth regulator combinations on adventitious bud induction.

Treatment groupNAA (mg · L-1)6-BA (mg · L-1)
10.50.1
20.50.5
30.51.0
41.00.1
51.00.5
61.01.0
71.50.1
81.50.5
91.51.0
Supplementary Table 4.

Effects of different hormone concentration ratios on adventitious bud proliferation.

Treatment group6-BA (mg · L-1)NAA (mg · L-1)
10.50.1
20.50.5
30.51.0
41.00.1
51.00.5
61.01.0
71.50.1
81.50.5
91.51.0
Supplementary Table 5.

Effect of different plant hormone concentration ratios on adventitious bud induction of ‘5-4’ and ‘5-35’ scales.

TreatmentConcentration (mg · L -1)No. of explantsInduction rate (%)
NAA6-BA5-45-35
CK00607.33 ±0.51 h6.74 ± 0.57 h
B10.50.16012.69 ± 1.45 g13.41 ± 1.68 g
B20.50.56020.67 ± 1.87 f25.41 ± 1.03 f
B30.51.06028.49 ± 2.11 e33.84 ± 1.54 e
B41.00.16037.94 ± 2.16 d37.13 ± 2.37 e
B51.00.56070.98 ± 3.85 a46.77 ± 2.52 d
B61.01.06055.25 ± 1.96 c54.93 ± 2.26 c
B71.50.16059.66 ± 2.17 b66.58 ± 2.72 b
B81.50.56062.41 ± 3.03 b72.36 ± 3.04 a
B91.51.06061.56 ± 2.56 b65.29 ± 2.97 b

1 Note: Lowercase letters a-h indicate statistical differences at p < 0.05 in Student’s t-test.

Supplementary Table 6.

Effects of different hormone concentration ratios on proliferation of ‘5-4’ adventitious buds.

TreatmentConcentration (mg · L -1)No. of explantsMultiplication factor
6-BANAA
C10.50.1601.79 ± 0.15 g
C20.50.5601.70 ± 0.12 g
C30.51.0602.28 ± 0.15 f
C41.00.1603.21 ± 0.28 d
C51.00.5602.89 ± 0.17 e
C61.01.0602.36 ± 0.18 f
C71.50.1604.56 ± 0.25 b
C81.50.5605.24 ± 0.32 a
C91.51.0603.77 ± 0.19 c

1 Note: Lowercase letters a-g indicate statistical differences at p < 0.05 in Student’s t-test.

Supplementary Table 7.

Effects of different hormone concentration ratios on proliferation of ‘5-35’ adventitious buds.

TreatmentConcentration (mg · L -1)No. of explantsMultiplication factor
6-BANAA
C10.50.1601.63 ± 0.12 h
C20.50.5601.69 ± 0.15 h
C30.51.0602.01 ± 0.09 g
C41.00.1603.16 ± 0.24 e
C51.00.5603.48 ± 0.15 d
C61.01.0602.84 ±0.17 f
C71.50.1603.96 ± 0.29 c
C81.50.5604..96 ± 0.36 a
C91.51.0604.41 ± 0.33 b

1 Note: Lowercase letters a-h indicate statistical differences at p < 0.05 in Student’s t-test.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 23
Submitted on: Sep 24, 2022
Accepted on: Dec 12, 2022
Published on: Jun 26, 2023
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
male sterility,
micropropagation,
morphological characteristics,
pollen-free lily
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science

© 2023 Lei Cao, Songming Han, Jinzhu Zhang, Tao Yang, Daidi Che, Jinping Fan, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 35 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)
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