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Morphological characteristics of flower organs and in vitro micropropagation of male sterile lines of Lilium hybrids Cover

Morphological characteristics of flower organs and in vitro micropropagation of male sterile lines of Lilium hybrids

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 35 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)
By: Lei Cao,  Songming Han,  Jinzhu Zhang,  Tao Yang,  Daidi Che and  Jinping Fan  
Open Access
|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Comparison of pollen germination. (A) Pollen germination of ‘5-21’. (B) Pollen germination of ‘Pollyanna’.
Comparison of pollen germination. (A) Pollen germination of ‘5-21’. (B) Pollen germination of ‘Pollyanna’.

Figure 2

The ‘5-35’ stigmas from 1 to 6 days after anthesis (DAA). (A) Stigmas after treatment with benzidine-H2O2 solution. (B) Stigmas showing no reaction but wet secretions..
The ‘5-35’ stigmas from 1 to 6 days after anthesis (DAA). (A) Stigmas after treatment with benzidine-H2O2 solution. (B) Stigmas showing no reaction but wet secretions..

Figure 3

Stigma cross sections. (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’, and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.
Stigma cross sections. (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’, and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 4

Stigma vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.
Stigma vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 5

Ovary cross-sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.
Ovary cross-sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 6

Ovary vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.
Ovary vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 7

Filament vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.
Filament vertical sections: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’, (G) ‘Pollyanna’ and (H) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 8

Comparison of seeds of lily: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-35’, (C) ‘0-0.2’, (D) ‘5-21’, (E) ‘3-12’ and (F) ‘Sorbonne’.
Comparison of seeds of lily: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-35’, (C) ‘0-0.2’, (D) ‘5-21’, (E) ‘3-12’ and (F) ‘Sorbonne’.

Figure 9

Chromosomal conventional tablets: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’ and (G) ‘Pollyanna’.
Chromosomal conventional tablets: (A) ‘3-1’, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) ‘5-35’, (D) ‘0-0.2’, (E) ‘5-21’, (F) ‘3-12’ and (G) ‘Pollyanna’.

Figure 10

In vitro culture initiation and adventitious bud multiplication. (A) Triploid control plants, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) diploid control plants, (D) ‘5-35’.
In vitro culture initiation and adventitious bud multiplication. (A) Triploid control plants, (B) ‘5-4’, (C) diploid control plants, (D) ‘5-35’.

Supplementary Figure 1

Effects of different media on induction of adventitious buds of male sterile lily ‘5-4’: (A) no NAA and no 6-BA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (D) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (G) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; and (J) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA.
Effects of different media on induction of adventitious buds of male sterile lily ‘5-4’: (A) no NAA and no 6-BA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (D) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (G) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; and (J) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA.

Supplementary Figure 2

Effects of different media on adventitious bud induction of male sterile lily ‘5-35’: (A) no NAA and no 6-BA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (D) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (G) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; and (J) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA.
Effects of different media on adventitious bud induction of male sterile lily ‘5-35’: (A) no NAA and no 6-BA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (D) 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; (G) 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg · L−1 6-BA; (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA; and (J) 1.5 mg · L−1 NAA and 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA.

Supplementary Figure 3

Effects of different media on the proliferation of adventitious buds of male sterile lily: (A) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (D) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (G) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; and (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA.
Effects of different media on the proliferation of adventitious buds of male sterile lily: (A) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (D) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (G) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; and (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA.

Supplementary Figure 4

Effects of different media on the proliferation of adventitious buds of male sterile lily ‘5-35’: (A) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (D) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (G) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; and (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA.
Effects of different media on the proliferation of adventitious buds of male sterile lily ‘5-35’: (A) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (B) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (C) 0.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (D) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (E) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; (F) 1.0 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA; (G) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L−1 NAA; (H) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA; and (I) 1.5 mg · L−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg · L−1 NAA.

Supplementary Figure 5

Rooting of male sterile lilies: (A) ‘5-4’ seedling and (B) ‘5-35’ seedling.
Rooting of male sterile lilies: (A) ‘5-4’ seedling and (B) ‘5-35’ seedling.

Supplementary Figure 6

Morphological traits of ‘5-4’ flower.
Morphological traits of ‘5-4’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 7

The size of petals, filaments, and stigmas of ‘5-4’ flower.
The size of petals, filaments, and stigmas of ‘5-4’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 8

Morphological traits of ‘5-35’ flower.
Morphological traits of ‘5-35’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 9

Size of petals, filaments, and stigmas of ‘5-35’ flower.
Size of petals, filaments, and stigmas of ‘5-35’ flower.

Supplementary Figure 10

Morphological traits of callus of ‘5-4’ in vitro cultures.
Morphological traits of callus of ‘5-4’ in vitro cultures.

Supplementary Figure 11

Morphological traits of plantlet of ‘5-4’ in vitro cultures.
Morphological traits of plantlet of ‘5-4’ in vitro cultures.

Supplementary Figure 12

Morphological traits of callus of ‘5-35’ in vitro cultures.
Morphological traits of callus of ‘5-35’ in vitro cultures.

Supplementary Figure 13

Morphological traits of plantlet of ‘5-35’ in vitro cultures.
Morphological traits of plantlet of ‘5-35’ in vitro cultures.

Effects of different hormone concentration ratios on proliferation of ‘5-4’ adventitious buds_

TreatmentConcentration (mg · L -1)No. of explantsMultiplication factor
6-BANAA
C10.50.1601.79 ± 0.15 g
C20.50.5601.70 ± 0.12 g
C30.51.0602.28 ± 0.15 f
C41.00.1603.21 ± 0.28 d
C51.00.5602.89 ± 0.17 e
C61.01.0602.36 ± 0.18 f
C71.50.1604.56 ± 0.25 b
C81.50.5605.24 ± 0.32 a
C91.51.0603.77 ± 0.19 c

The relationship between stigma secretion and stigma receptivity_

GenotypeThe time at which a secretion began to appear on the stigma (days after anthesis)The time at which a secretion began to peak (days after anthesis)The time at which the stigma began to be receptive (days after anthesis)The time at which stigma receptivity began to peak (days after anthesis)
‘3-1’1223
‘5-4’24--
‘5-35’1324
‘0-0.2’3434
‘5-21’2335
‘3-12’0234

Effect of different growth regulator combinations on adventitious bud induction_

Treatment groupNAA (mg · L-1)6-BA (mg · L-1)
10.50.1
20.50.5
30.51.0
41.00.1
51.00.5
61.01.0
71.50.1
81.50.5
91.51.0

The pollen germination rate of the parent lily_

NumberVarietiesGermination rate (%)Average germination rate (%)
A7Pollyanna88.3486.0890.2288.21
A8Prato94.8792.6793.7893.77
A9Sorbonne80.5383.7286.4783.57

Characteristics and locations of hybrid progeny cultivars and the sampling times of floral organs_

CultivarFemale parentMale parentPlant locationSampling timeImage
‘3-1’ (A1)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinJuly 2017
‘5-4’ (A2)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinAugust 2017
‘5-35’ (A3)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinAugust, 2017
‘0-0.2’ (A4)Pink BeautyPollyannaHarbinSeptember 2017
‘5-21’ (A5)PollyannaPratoHarbinSeptember 2017
‘3-1’ (A1)PollyannaSorbonneHarbinJuly 2017

The relationship between receptivity and seeding in offspring of plant hybridisation_

NumberCultivarReceptivitySeedingPicture
1‘3-1’++++
2‘5-4’−−−
3‘5-35’++
4‘0-0.2’++++
5‘5-21’++
6‘3-12’++++

Effects of different hormone concentration ratios on proliferation of ‘5-35’ adventitious buds_

TreatmentConcentration (mg · L -1)No. of explantsMultiplication factor
6-BANAA
C10.50.1601.63 ± 0.12 h
C20.50.5601.69 ± 0.15 h
C30.51.0602.01 ± 0.09 g
C41.00.1603.16 ± 0.24 e
C51.00.5603.48 ± 0.15 d
C61.01.0602.84 ±0.17 f
C71.50.1603.96 ± 0.29 c
C81.50.5604..96 ± 0.36 a
C91.51.0604.41 ± 0.33 b

The seed of filial generation Lilium_

CombinationSeeding rate (%)Seed morphology1,000 seed weight (g)
A1 × A732Orange, shrivelled0.017
A2 × A736Yellow, shrivelled0.021
A3 × A726Yellow, shrivelled0.018
A4 × A739Bright yellow, shrivelled0.016
A5 × A722Bright yellow, shrivelled0.019
A6 × A725Bright yellow, shrivelled0.017

Effects of different hormone concentration ratios on adventitious bud proliferation_

Treatment group6-BA (mg · L-1)NAA (mg · L-1)
10.50.1
20.50.5
30.51.0
41.00.1
51.00.5
61.01.0
71.50.1
81.50.5
91.51.0

Effect of different plant hormone concentration ratios on adventitious bud induction of ‘5-4’ and ‘5-35’ scales_

TreatmentConcentration (mg · L -1)No. of explantsInduction rate (%)
NAA6-BA5-45-35
CK00607.33 ±0.51 h6.74 ± 0.57 h
B10.50.16012.69 ± 1.45 g13.41 ± 1.68 g
B20.50.56020.67 ± 1.87 f25.41 ± 1.03 f
B30.51.06028.49 ± 2.11 e33.84 ± 1.54 e
B41.00.16037.94 ± 2.16 d37.13 ± 2.37 e
B51.00.56070.98 ± 3.85 a46.77 ± 2.52 d
B61.01.06055.25 ± 1.96 c54.93 ± 2.26 c
B71.50.16059.66 ± 2.17 b66.58 ± 2.72 b
B81.50.56062.41 ± 3.03 b72.36 ± 3.04 a
B91.51.06061.56 ± 2.56 b65.29 ± 2.97 b

Description of stigma receptivity of ‘3-12’ lily_

GenotypeStigma receptivity at different days after anthesis
01234567
‘3-1’−+++++++++++−
‘5-4’−−−−−−−−
‘5-35’−++++++++−
‘0-0.2’−+++++++−
‘5-21’−+++++++++++−
‘3-12’−++++++++++++−

Characteristics and locations of parental cultivars and the sampling times of floral organs_

CultivarSeriesPloidyPlant locationSampling timeImage
Pollyanna (A7)AADiploidHarbinJuly 2013
PratoAADiploidHarbinJuly 2013
SorbonneOODiploidHarbinAugust 2013
Pink BeautyAADiploidHarbinAugust 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 23
Submitted on: Sep 24, 2022
Accepted on: Dec 12, 2022
Published on: Jun 26, 2023
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
male sterility,
micropropagation,
morphological characteristics,
pollen-free lily
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2023 Lei Cao, Songming Han, Jinzhu Zhang, Tao Yang, Daidi Che, Jinping Fan, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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