Table 1
Experimental design.
| NSource | SiForm | Leaf spray content | Treatment | Concentration (g · dm−3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | H2O | H2O | CK | None |
| K2SiO3 | Solely inorganic silicon | ISi | 0.5 | |
| C8H20O4Si | Solely OSi | OSi | 0.5 | |
| BSFA | H2O | Solely BSFA | BSFA | None |
| K2SiO3 | BSFA and inorganic silicon | BSFA + ISi | 0.5 + 0.5 | |
| C8H20O4Si | BSFA and OSi | BSFA + OSi | 0.5 + 0.5 | |
| GB | H2O | Solely GB | GB | None |
| K2SiO3 | GB and inorganic silicon | GB + ISi | 0.5 + 0.5 | |
| C8H20O4Si | GB and OSi | GB + OSi | 0.5 + 0.5 |
[i] BSFA, potassium fulvate; CK, control group; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; SiForm, different forms of silicon.
Table 2
The mean (n = 4) of FrY, FrTSS, FrVc and FrNitrate of the tomato plants sprayed with nine different recipes.
| Treatment | FrY (kg · m−2) | FrTSS (%) | FrVc (mg · 100 g−1) | FrNitrate (mg · kg−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 3.67 c | 8.2 ab | 32.6 b | 259.9 |
| ISi | 4.14 ab | 7.8 c | 29.8 cd | 209.8 |
| OSi | 3.66 c | 7.7 c | 28.8 de | 171.6 |
| BSFA | 3.71 c | 8.3 ab | 34.2 a | 310.3 |
| BSFA + ISi | 4.29 a | 8.0 bc | 27.8 ef | 219.0 |
| BSFA + OSi | 3.91 bc | 8.4 a | 30.6 c | 233.7 |
| GB | 4.02 abc | 8.2 ab | 33.1 ab | 256.4 |
| GB + ISi | 3.81 bc | 8.0 abc | 25.5 g | 228.9 |
| GB + OSi | 3.74 c | 8.4 a | 26.8 fg | 413.0 |
| NSource | ||||
| H2O | 3.82 | 7.9 B | 30.8 | 213.8 |
| BSFA | 3.97 | 8.3 A | 31.1 | 254.3 |
| GB | 3.86 | 8.2 A | 28.8 | 299.4 |
| SiForm | ||||
| H2O | 3.80 | 8.3 A | 33.7 A | 275.5 |
| K2SO3 | 4.08 | 7.9 B | 27.9 B | 219.2 |
| OSi | 3.77 | 8.2 A | 29.1 B | 272.8 |
[i] BSFA, potassium fulvate; CK – H2O, ISi – K2SO3; FrNitrate, nitrate concentration; FrTSS, fruit total soluble solids; FrVc, fruit vitamin C concentration; FrY, cumulative fruit yield; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; SiForm, different forms of silicon.
[ii] The different letters following each number stand for the different Duncan's homogeneous subsets of the corresponding mean. The lowercase, uppercase and italic uppercase letters are used for the interactive effect, main effect of silicon forms and main effect of nitrogen source, respectively. The letters are not indicated if no significance was found.
Table 3
The mean (n ≥ 4) of stem, branch, leaf, fruit and total DM, as well as the percentage of DM partitioning to stem, branch, leaf and fruit (Stem%, Br%, Leaf%, Fr%, respectively) of the tomato plants sprayed with different recipes.
| Treatments | Stem DM (g) | Branch DM (g) | Leaf DM (g) | Fruit DM (g) | Total DM (g) | Stem% | Branch% | Leaf% | Fruit% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 1511 ab | 667 ab | 1064 ab | 3018 d | 6260 c | 24.2 | 10.7 a | 17.0 | 48.3 b |
| ISi | 1566 ab | 742 a | 1233 a | 3570 a | 7137 a | 21.8 | 10.6 a | 17.6 | 50.0 ab |
| OSi | 1397 b | 585 abc | 1065 ab | 3163 bcd | 6168 c | 22.2 | 9.5 ab | 16.9 | 51.4 ab |
| BSFA | 1353 b | 541 bc | 1136 ab | 3303 abcd | 6240 c | 21.3 | 8.4 ab | 17.5 | 52.9 ab |
| BSFA + ISi | 1572 ab | 599 abc | 1127 ab | 3465 ab | 6923 ab | 23.4 | 9.4 ab | 17.0 | 50.1 ab |
| BSFA + OSi | 1360 b | 588 abc | 935 ab | 3115 cd | 6145 c | 24.0 | 9.7 ab | 15.6 | 50.7 ab |
| GB | 1848 a | 730 a | 1127 ab | 3407 abc | 6902 ab | 25.4 | 9.2 ab | 15.9 | 49.6 ab |
| GB + ISi | 1549 ab | 588 abc | 1040 ab | 3206 bcd | 6402 bc | 24.3 | 9.7 ab | 16.0 | 50.1 ab |
| GB + OSi | 1425 b | 427 c | 842 b | 3213 bcd | 5974 c | 24.6 | 7.5 b | 14.0 | 53.9 a |
| NSource | |||||||||
| H2O | 1481 | 669 | 1120 | 3250 | 6522 | 22.7 | 10.2 | 17.2 | 49.9 |
| BSFA | 1473 | 590 | 1078 | 3294 | 6435 | 22.9 | 9.2 | 16.7 | 51.2 |
| GB | 1588 | 570 | 990 | 3275 | 6426 | 24.7 | 8.8 | 15.3 | 51.3 |
| SiForm | |||||||||
| H2O | 1528 | 609 AB | 1087 AB | 3243 AB | 6466 AB | 23.6 | 9.4 | 16.8 | 50.2 |
| K2SO3 | 1578 | 677 A | 1152 A | 3414 A | 6821 A | 23.2 | 9.9 | 16.9 | 50.1 |
| OSi | 1437 | 545 B | 950 B | 3164 B | 6096 B | 23.6 | 8.9 | 15.5 | 52.0 |
[i] BSFA, potassium fulvate; CK – H2O, ISi – K2SO3; DM, dry mass; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; SiForm, different forms of silicon.
[ii] The different letters following each number stand for the different Duncan's homogeneous subsets of the corresponding mean. The lowercase, uppercase and italic uppercase letters are used for the interactive effect, main effect of silicon forms and main effect of nitrogen source, respectively. The letters are not indicated if no significance was found.
Table 4
The mean (n ≥ 3) of nitrogen concentration, translocation factor and accumulation of different organs of the tomato plants sprayed with different recipes.
| Treatments | Nitrogen concentration (g· kg−1) | Translocation factor | Nitrogen accumulation (g) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | Branch | Leaf | Fruit | Stem | Branch | Leaf | Stem | Branch | Leaf | Fruit | Total | |
| CK | 20.0 bcd | 22.1 abc | 39.8 d | 20.5 bc | 1.02 bcd | 0.93 bc | 0.51 ab | 30.2 b | 14.7 a | 42.4 d | 61.8 c | 149.1 c |
| ISi | 19.3 bcd | 20.3 bc | 42.2 ab | 22.3 a | 1.15 ab | 1.10 a | 0.53 a | 30.3 b | 15.1 a | 52.2 a | 79.7 a | 177.1 a |
| OSi | 19.7 bcd | 21.8 abc | 40.8 cd | 20.7 bc | 1.04 bcd | 0.95 bc | 0.51 abc | 27.7 bc | 12.8 c | 43.6 c | 65.5 c | 149.6 c |
| BSFA | 22.7 a | 24.1 a | 41.8 abc | 21.5 ab | 0.96 cd | 0.90 c | 0.52 ab | 30.8 b | 13.0 bc | 47.5 b | 71.2 b | 162.5 b |
| BSFA + ISi | 17.5 d | 20.4 bc | 42.7 a | 21.1 abc | 1.20 a | 1.04 ab | 0.49 bcd | 27.6 bc | 12.3 c | 48.3 b | 73.2 b | 161.3 b |
| BSFA + OSi | 21.1 ab | 21.6 abc | 41.6 abc | 20.2 bcd | 0.96 cd | 0.94 bc | 0.49 bcd | 28.8 bc | 12.7 c | 38.9 e | 63.1 c | 143.5 c |
| GB | 20.4 abc | 19.5 c | 41.8 abc | 18.83 d | 0.92 d | 0.97 bc | 0.45 d | 37.9 a | 14.3 ab | 47.2 b | 64.4 c | 163.7 b |
| GB + ISi | 18.6 bcd | 21.3 bc | 41.9 abc | 19.70 cd | 1.06 abcd | 0.93 bc | 0.47 cd | 28.9 bc | 12.6 c | 43.7 c | 63.4 c | 148.6 c |
| GB + OSi | 17.9 cd | 22.5 ab | 41.3 bc | 19.7 cd | 1.10 abc | 0.88 c | 0.48 bcd | 25.6 c | 9.6 d | 34.8 f | 63.5 c | 133.6 d |
| NSource | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 19.7 | 21.39 | 41.01 B | 21.17 A | 1.08 | 0.99 A | 0.52 A | 29.4 | 14.2 A | 46.0 | 69.0 | 158.6 |
| BSFA | 20.5 | 22.05 | 42.07 A | 20.98 A | 1.03 | 0.86 AB | 0.50 A | 29.0 | 12.7 B | 44.9 | 69.2 | 155.8 |
| GB | 19.0 | 21.15 | 41.72 AB | 19.48 B | 1.04 | 0.93 B | 0.47 B | 30.8 | 12.2 B | 41.9 | 63.8 | 148.6 |
| SiForm | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 21.1 A | 21.9 | 41.2 B | 20.3 | 0.97 B | 0.92 B | 0.49 | 32.9 A | 14.0 A | 45.7 A | 65.8 B | 158.4 A |
| K2SO3 | 18.5 B | 20.7 | 42.3 A | 21.1 | 1.14 A | 1.02 A | 0.50 | 28.9 B | 13.3 A | 48.0 A | 72.1 A | 162.3 A |
| OSi | 19.6 AB | 22.0 | 41.3 B | 20.2 | 1.04 B | 0.93 B | 0.49 | 27.3 B | 11.7 B | 39.1 B | 64.0 B | 142.2 B |
[i] Note: First row lists the trait, and the second row lists the different organs as stem, branch, leaf, fruit or whole plant (total).
[ii] BSFA, potassium fulvate; CK – H2O, ISi – K2SO3; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; SiForm, different forms of silicon.
[iii] The different letters following each number stand for the different Duncan's homogeneous subsets of the corresponding mean. The lowercase, uppercase and italic uppercase letters are used for the interactive effect, main effect of silicon forms and main effect of nitrogen source, respectively. The letters are not indicated if no significance was found.
Table 5
The mean (n ≥ 3) of phosphorus concentration, translocation factor and accumulation of different organs of the tomato plants sprayed with different recipes.
| Treatment | Phosphorus concentration (g · kg−1) | Translocation factor | Phosphorus accumulation (g) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | Branch | Leaf | Fruit | Stem | Branch | Leaf | Stem | Branch | Leaf | Fruit | Total | |
| CK | 2.57 d | 1.83 d | 2.40 b | 2.26 c | 0.88 a | 1.24 a | 0.94 c | 3.90 e | 1.22 cd | 2.56 b | 6.85 f | 14.5 f |
| ISi | 3.43 b | 2.27 a | 2.09 cd | 2.47 a | 0.72 cd | 1.09 b | 1.18 a | 5.38 b | 1.69 a | 2.58 b | 8.84 a | 18.5 b |
| OSi | 3.32 b | 1.86 d | 2.08 cd | 2.37 abc | 0.71 cd | 1.27 a | 1.14 ab | 4.65 vd | 1.09 f | 2.22 d | 7.51 de | 15.5 de |
| BSFA | 3.07 c | 1.83 d | 2.05 d | 2.38 ab | 0.77 bc | 1.30 a | 1.16 a | 4.16 e | 0.99 g | 2.34 d | 7.86 c | 15.3 e |
| BSFA + ISi | 2.91 c | 1.95 cd | 2.15 cd | 2.42 a | 0.83 ab | 1.24 a | 1.12 ab | 4.59 d | 1.18 de | 2.43 c | 8.40 b | 16.6 c |
| BSFA + OSi | 3.42 b | 2.14 b | 2.04 d | 2.40 a | 0.70 cd | 1.12 b | 1.18 a | 4.66 cd | 1.26 c | 1.91 e | 7.49 de | 15.3 e |
| GB | 3.72 a | 2.01 c | 2.53 a | 2.29 bc | 0.61 e | 1.14 b | 0.91 c | 6.89 a | 1.47 b | 2.85 a | 7.82 cd | 19.0 a |
| GB + ISi | 2.99 c | 1.91 cd | 2.18 c | 2.42 a | 0.81 ab | 1.27 a | 1.11 ab | 4.63 d | 1.13 ef | 2.27 d | 7.78 cd | 15.8 d |
| GB + OSi | 3.50 b | 1.84 d | 2.11 cd | 2.27 bc | 0.65 de | 1.23 a | 1.08 b | 4.99 c | 0.79 h | 1.78 f | 7.32 e | 14.9 f |
| NSource | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 3.11 | 1.99 | 2.19 AB | 2.37 | 0.77 A | 1.20 A | 1.09 B | 4.64 B | 1.33 | 2.46 | 7.73 | 16.2 |
| BSFA | 3.14 | 1.98 | 2.09 B | 2.41 | 0.77 A | 1.21 A | 1.15 A | 4.47 B | 1.14 | 2.23 | 7.92 | 15.8 |
| GB | 3.41 | 1.93 | 2.27 A | 2.33 | 0.69 B | 1.22 A | 1.03 C | 5.50 A | 1.13 | 2.30 | 7.64 | 16.6 |
| SiForm | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 3.13 | 1.89 B | 2.33 A | 2.32 B | 0.76 A | 1.23 A | 1.00 B | 4.98 | 1.23 AB | 2.58 A | 7.51 B | 16.3 AB |
| K2SO3 | 3.11 | 2.05 A | 2.14 B | 2.44 A | 0.79 A | 1.20 A | 1.14 A | 4.86 | 1.33 A | 2.43 A | 8.34 A | 17.0 A |
| OSi | 3.42 | 1.95 AB | 2.08 B | 2.35 B | 0.69 B | 1.21 A | 1.13 A | 4.77 | 1.05 B | 1.97 B | 7.44 B | 15.2 B |
[i] Note: First row lists the trait, and the second row lists the different organs as stem, branch, leaf, fruit or whole plant (total).
[ii] BSFA, potassium fulvate; CK – H2O, ISi – K2SO3; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; SiForm, different forms of silicon.
[iii] The different letters following each number stand for the different Duncan's homogeneous subsets of the corresponding mean. The lowercase, uppercase and italic uppercase letters are used for the interactive effect, main effect of silicon forms and main effect of nitrogen source, respectively. The letters are not indicated if no significance was found.
Table 6
The mean (n ≥ 3) of potassium concentration, translocation factor and accumulation of different organs of the tomato plants sprayed with different recipes.
| Treatment | Potassium concentration (g · kg−1) | Translocation factor | Potassium accumulation (g) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | Branch | Leaf | Fruit | Stem | Branch | Leaf | Stem | Branch | Leaf | Fruit | Total | |
| CK | 24.4 d | 31.7 d | 27.4 ab | 25.4 bcd | 1.05 a | 0.80 b | 0.93 bcd | 36.9 g | 21.2 b | 29.2 bc | 76.8 f | 164.2 c |
| ISi | 26.1 cd | 25.8 e | 26.1 b | 25.8 bc | 0.99 ab | 1.00 a | 0.99 ab | 40.9 de | 19.2 d | 32.2 a | 92.1 a | 184.4 a |
| OSi | 31.4 a | 34.1 c | 28.4 a | 25.4 bcd | 0.81 cd | 0.75 bcd | 0.90 cd | 44.0 cd | 20.0 cd | 30.3 bc | 80.6 def | 174.8 b |
| BSFA | 28.4 bc | 36.7 a | 27.0 ab | 26.0 b | 0.92 bc | 0.71 de | 0.96 bc | 38.5 ef | 19.9 cd | 30.8 ab | 86.1 bc | 175.3 b |
| BSFA + ISi | 30.4 ab | 35.1 bc | 26.8 ab | 26.4 b | 0.86 cd | 0.75 bcd | 0.99 ab | 48.0 b | 21.1 b | 30.2 bc | 91.5 a | 190.8 a |
| BSFA + OSi | 25.4 d | 36.1 ab | 28.1 a | 26.7 ab | 1.05 a | 0.74 cd | 0.95 bc | 34.6 g | 21.3 b | 26.3 d | 83.5 cd | 165.7 c |
| GB | 29.80 ab | 35.7 ab | 22.7 c | 24.1 d | 0.81 cd | 0.67 e | 1.06 a | 55.1 a | 26.2 a | 25.7 d | 82.2 cde | 189.1 a |
| GB + ISi | 31.4 a | 35.1 bc | 27.7 ab | 27.9 a | 0.88 bc | 0.79 bc | 1.01 ab | 48.8 b | 20.7 bc | 28.9 c | 89.6 ab | 187.9 a |
| GB + OSi | 31.8 a | 36.1 ab | 28.4 a | 24.4 cd | 0.77 d | 0.68 e | 0.86 d | 45.3 bc | 15.4 e | 23.9 e | 78.5 ef | 163.2 c |
| NSource | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 27.4 B | 30.6 B | 27.3 | 25.6 | 0.95 A | 0.85 A | 0.94 | 40.6 B | 20.1 | 30.6 A | 83.2 | 174.5 |
| BSFA | 28.1 B | 36.0 A | 27.3 | 26.4 | 0.95 A | 0.73 B | 0.97 | 40.4 B | 20.8 | 29.1 A | 87.0 | 177.2 |
| GB | 31.1 A | 35.7 A | 26.0 | 25.5 | 0.82 B | 0.71 B | 0.98 | 49.8 A | 20.8 | 26.2 B | 83.4 | 180.1 |
| SiForm | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 27.6 | 34.8 B | 25.8 B | 25.2 B | 0.93 | 0.73 B | 0.98 A | 43.5 | 22.4 A | 28.6 AB | 81.7 B | 176.2 B |
| K2SO3 | 29.4 | 32.0 AB | 26.9 AB | 26.7 A | 0.91 | 0.85 A | 0.99 A | 45.9 | 20.3 AB | 30.4 A | 91.1 A | 187.7 A |
| OSi | 29.6 | 35.5 A | 28.3 A | 25.6 B | 0.88 | 0.72 B | 0.90 B | 41.3 | 18.9 B | 26.8 B | 80.8 B | 167.9 C |
[i] Note: First row lists the trait, and the second row lists the different organs as stem, branch, leaf, fruit or whole plant (total).
[ii] BSFA, potassium fulvate; CK – H2O, ISi – K2SO3; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; SiForm, different forms of silicon.
[iii] The different letters following each number stand for the different Duncan's homogenous subsets of the corresponding mean. The lowercase, uppercase and italic uppercase letters are used for the interactive effect, main effect of silicon forms and main effect of nitrogen source, respectively. The letters are not indicated if no significance was found.
Table 7
The mean (n ≥ 3) of the partitioning of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the different organs of the tomato plants sprayed with different recipes.
| Treatment | Total nitrogen partitioning to | Total phosphorus partitioning to | Total potassium partitioning to | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem (%) | Branch (%) | Leaf (%) | Fruit (%) | Stem (%) | Branch (%) | Leaf (%) | Fruit (%) | Stem (%) | Branch (%) | Leaf (%) | Fruit (%) | |
| CK | 20.3 b | 9.9 a | 28.4 b | 41.4 d | 26.8 e | 8.4 b | 17.6 a | 47.1 d | 22.5 c | 12.9 b | 17.8 a | 46.8 cd |
| ISi | 18.5 bc | 8.6 b | 29.1 ab | 43.8 bc | 30.0 c | 7.1 d | 14.4 bc | 48.5 cd | 25.2 b | 11.4 c | 17.3 a | 46.1 d |
| OSi | 17.1 c | 8.5 b | 29.5 ab | 45.0 b | 29.1 cd | 9.1 a | 14.0 c | 47.8 cd | 22.2 c | 10.4 d | 17.5 a | 49.9 a |
| BSFA | 18.9 bc | 8.0 c | 29.2 ab | 43.8 bc | 27.1 e | 6.5 e | 15.2 b | 51.2 a | 21.9 c | 11.4 c | 17.6 a | 49.1 ab |
| BSFA + ISi | 20.0 b | 8.9 b | 27.2 c | 44.0 bc | 30.4 c | 8.2 b | 12.5 d | 48.9 bc | 20.9 c | 12.9 b | 15.9 b | 50.4 a |
| BSFA + OSi | 17.1 c | 7.6 c | 29.9 a | 45.4 b | 27.6 de | 7.1 d | 14.7 bc | 50.6 ab | 25.1 b | 11.0 cd | 15.9 b | 48.0 bc |
| GB | 23.1 a | 8.7 b | 28.8 ab | 39.3 e | 36.2 a | 7.7 c | 15.0 b | 41.1 e | 29.1 a | 13.8 a | 13.6 d | 43.5 e |
| GB + ISi | 19.2 bc | 7.2 c | 26.1 c | 47.6 a | 33.6 b | 5.3 e | 11.9 d | 49.2 bc | 27.8 a | 9.5 e | 14.7 c | 48.1 bc |
| GB + OSi | 19.5 b | 8.5 b | 29.4 ab | 42.7 c | 29.3 cd | 7.1 d | 14.4 bc | 49.2 bc | 26.0 b | 11.0 cd | 15.4 bc | 47.7 bcd |
| Nsource | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 18.6 B | 9.0 A | 29.0 | 43.4 | 28.7 B | 8.2 A | 15.33 | 47.8 AB | 23.3 A | 11.6 | 17.5 A | 47.6 AB |
| BSFA | 18.7 B | 8.2 B | 28.8 | 44.4 | 28.4 B | 7.3 B | 14.13 | 50.3 A | 22.7 A | 11.8 | 16.4 B | 49.2 A |
| GB | 20.6 A | 8.1 B | 28.1 | 43.2 | 33.0 A | 6.7 B | 13.77 | 46.5 B | 27.6 B | 11.4 | 14.5 C | 46.4 B |
| SiForm | ||||||||||||
| H2O | 20.8 A | 8.9 | 28.8 A | 41.5 B | 30.0 | 7.5 | 15.95 A | 46.5 | 24.5 | 12.7 A | 16.3 | 46.5 |
| K2SO3 | 19.2 AB | 8.2 | 27.5 B | 45.1 A | 28.7 | 6.9 | 12.93 C | 48.9 | 24.6 | 11.3 B | 16.0 | 48.2 |
| OSi | 17.9 B | 8.2 | 29.6 A | 44.3 A | 31.3 | 7. 8 | 14.34 B | 49.2 | 24.4 | 10.8 B | 16.2 | 48.5 |
[i] BSFA, potassium fulvate; CK – H2O, ISi – K2SO3; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; SiForm, different forms of silicon.
[ii] The different letters following each number stand for the different Duncan's homogenous subsets of the corresponding mean. The lowercase, uppercase and italic uppercase letters are used for the interactive effect, main effect of silicon forms and main effect of nitrogen source, respectively. The letters are not indicated if no significance was found.
Table 8
Principle components analysis comprehensive scores of the growth, nutrients and fruiting traits.
| CK | ISi | OSi | BSFA | BSFA + ISi | BSFA + OSi | GB | GB + ISi | GB + OSi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General growth | −1.68 | 3.03 | −0.74 | 0.12 | 1.46 | −0.99 | 1.19 | −0.04 | −2.35 |
| Fruiting performance | −0.73 | 1.62 | −0.37 | 0.28 | 1.15 | −0.51 | 0.20 | −0.24 | −1.41 |
| Vegetative organs performance | −0.33 | 2.15 | −0.97 | −0.84 | 0.60 | −0.66 | 2.07 | −0.25 | −1.77 |
[i] Note: General growth includes the N, P, K concentration and accumulation in each organ and DM of each organ; fruiting performance includes the vitamin C, TSS, water content, DM, fresh yield, and the N, P, K concentration, accumulation and partitioning of fruit; vegetative organ performance includes the N, P, K concentration and accumulation in vegetative organs, DM of vegetative organs, leaf SPAD index (data not shown), leaf net photosynthesis rate (data not shown) and leaf temperature (data not shown).
[ii] BSFA, potassium fulvate; DM, dry mass; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; TSS, total soluble solids.
Figure 1
Principle components analysis of plant macronutrients accumulation, fruit macronutrients partitioning, FrTSS content and FrVc concentration. The green, blue and red circles represent the confidential eclipses of the treatments having water (control), BSFA and GB as the source of nitrogen, respectively. The square, round and triangle dots represent the treatments having water (control), ISi and OSi as the form of silicon, respectively. The green, blue and purple vectors show the N, P, K accumulation in different plant organs, and the orange, dark yellow and red vectors show the fruit nutrients partitioning, DM of different plant organs and FrQ, respectively. *FrN%, the percentage of TN partitioned to fruit, similar for FrP% and FrK%, which indicate the percentage of total phosphorus and potassium accumulation partitioned to fruit, respectively. Br, branch; BSFA, potassium fulvate; DM, dry mass; Fr, fruit; FrN, fruit nitrogen concentration; FrQ, fruit quality; FrTSS, fruit total soluble solids; GB, betaine; ISi, potassium silicate; OSi, organic silicon; TK, total potassium accumulation; TN, total nitrogen accumulation; TP, total phosphorus accumulation; TSS, total soluble solids; Vc, vitamin C.
Figure 2
Correlation matrix of macronutrients concentration and accumulation in different plant organs, as well as the fruit DM, FrTSS content and the macronutrients partition to fruit. *FrN%, the percentage of TN partitioned to fruit, similar for FrP% and FrK%, which indicate the percentage of total phosphorus and potassium accumulation partitioned to fruit, respectively; Br, branch; DM, dry mass; Fr, fruit; FrN, fruit nitrogen concentration; FrTSS, fruit total soluble solids; TK, total potassium accumulation; TN, total nitrogen accumulation; TP, total phosphorus accumulation; TSS, total soluble solids; Vc, vitamin C.