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Zn2+ induces changes in activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and emissions of floral volatiles in Dendrobium huoshanense Cover

Zn2+ induces changes in activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and emissions of floral volatiles in Dendrobium huoshanense

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 34 (2022): Issue 1 (June 2022)
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Jun 2022
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Population (A,B), plant (C) and flower (D) of D. huoshanense in the greenhouse.

Figure 2

Intracellular Zn2+ fluorescence images (A-a, control group; B-b, 2 mM ZnSO4 treatments; C-c, 4 mM ZnSO4 treatments; D-d, 8 mM ZnSO4 treatments) in D. huoshanense petals at 6 h after the treatment of different concentrations of ZnSO4. The images were taken in darkfield (A–D) and brightfield (a–d).

Table 1

Zn2+ fluorescence intensity and Zn concentrations in D. huoshanense petals at 6 h after the treatment of different concentrations of ZnSO4.

ZnSO4 treatments (mM)Zn2+ intensity (mean)Zn concentrations (mg · kg DM)
DarkfieldBrightfield
026.56 ± 1.0193.82 ± 1.3539.36 ± 2.63
227.33 ± 0.80*99.74 ± 1.52*45.29 ± 3.85*
437.27 ± 1.42**108.33 ± 0.87**51.12 ± 3.14**
841.06 ± 1.22**120.25 ± 1.43**71.45 ± 4.21**

[i] Note: Zn2+ intensity is the mean of nine fluorescence measurements. Zinc concentrations are the average value of three measurements. The superscript symbols * and ** indicate that there is a significant difference between means in p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. DM, dry weight.

Figure 3

Effects of different concentrations of ZnSO4 at different times on treatments since the treatment on average ± SE activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (A), II (B), III (C), IV (D) and V (E) in D. huoshanense petals. The superscript symbols * and ** indicate that there is a significant difference between means in p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. SE, standard error.

Figure 4

Effects of ZnSO4 treatments on precursor (IPP, A; DMAPP, B; Phe, C; LA, D; LNA, E) and ATP (F) levels in D. huoshanense petals. The superscript symbols * and ** indicate that there is a significant difference between means in p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; Phe, phenylalanine, LA, linoleic acid; LNA, linolenic acid, ATP, adenosine triphosphate.

Table 2

Component of floral volatiles from D. huoshanense petals treated with different concentrations of ZnSO4. The values of component contents ± SE in Table 2 were an average of their contents at 6 h, 9 h and 12 h after ZnSO4 treatments.

Component codeComponent nameRI (retention time) calculation valueRI (retention time) reference valueComponent content (μg · g−1 FW)
ZnSO4 concentrations (mM)
0248
Monoterpenes (C 10) and sesquiterpenes (C 15) and terpenoid derivatives
A1α-Pinene9369390.82 ± 0.010.76 ± 0.020.85 ± 0.030.72 ± 0.03
A21,8-Cineol1,0181,0150.34 ± 0.010.34 ± 0.020.39 ± 0.020.32 ± 0.02
A3α-Ocimene1,0231,0180.65 ± 0.030.67 ± 0.010.75 ± 0.020.83 ± 0.02
A4β-Ocimene1,0491,04416.49 ± 0.1317.56 ± 0.1519.62 ± 0.1413.97 ± 0.11
A5β-trans-Ocimene1,0561,0501.45 ± 0.034.93 ± 0.062.02 ± 0.030.61 ± 0.01
A6α-Cyclocitral1,0911,1020.32 ± 0.020.28±0.030.26 ± 0.020.41 ± 0.03
A7Linalool1,0961,1020.66 ± 0.020.69 ± 0.020.63 ± 0.020.68 ± 0.01
A8(E,E)-2,6-Dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene1,1351,143.5--0.68 ± 0.03-
A9(E)-Isopentyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate1,1891,195.80.75 ± 0.010.75 ± 0.020.85 ± 0.021.09 ± 0.02
A10β-Cyclocitral1,2181,2140.16 ± 0.030.16 ± 0.010.17 ± 0.01-
A11Geraniol1,2581,2540.65 ± 0.020.83 ± 0.011.06 ± 0.023.04 ± 0.03
A12δ-Elemene1,3211,3240.91 ± 0.032.09 ± 0.045.38 ± 0.051.14 ± 0.10
A13β-Elemene1,3691,3730.46 ± 0.020.47 ± 0.010.42 ± 0.020.48 ± 0.03
A14α-Ionone1,4211,4260.38 ± 0.032.84 ± 0.030.43 ± 0.020.40 ± 0.02
A15β-Caryophillene1,4251,41710.46 ± 0.087.54 ± 0.0620.73 ± 0.064.60 ± 0.05
A16α, β-Dihydro-b-ionone1,4381,4332.13 ± 0.041.38 ± 0.041.83 ± 0.030.96 ± 0.02
A17Geranyl acetone1,4591,4551.32 ± 0.021.79 ± 0.032.56 ± 0.060.92 ± 0.02
A18α-Farnesene1,5161,5073.13 ± 0.068.05 ± 0.096.12 ± 0.051.48 ± 0.04
A19α-Cedrene epoxide1,5981,5700.29 ± 0.030.30 ± 0.030.33 ± 0.010.27 ± 0.01
A20Caryophyllene oxide1,6231,5930.46 ± 0.050.45 ± 0.050.50 ± 0.030.36 ± 0.02
A21(E, E) -Farnesol1,6921,7220.38 ± 0.010.34 ± 0.030.39 ± 0.020.24 ± 0.02
Benzoids
B11-Ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene1,1491,151.61.02 ± 0.011.14 ± 0.021.46 ± 0.210.84 ± 0.01
B21,4-Dimethoxybenzene1,1581,1650.82 ± 0.020.86 ± 0.020.97 ± 0.020.74 ± 0.01
B34-(2-Propenyl) phenol1,2491,2540.14 ± 0.010.14 ± 0.020.16 ± 0.02-
B41,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene1,2631,2600. 22 ± 0. 010. 22 ± 0. 020. 19 ± 0. 020. 26 ± 0. 02
B53-methoxy-5-methylphenol1,3401,3420. 33 ± 0. 020. 33 ± 0. 030. 32 ± 0. 010. 33 ± 0. 02
B6Butylated Hydroxytoluene1,5071,511--1.65 ± 0.02-
Fatty acid derivatives
C13-Methylbutanoic acid methyl ester7697650.46 ± 0.020.63 ± 0.050.81 ± 0.030.22 ± 0.02
C22-Methylbutyric acid, methyl ester7787800.27 ± 0.030.25 ± 0.020.25 ± 0.010.25 ± 0.03
C3Hexanal7938000.21 ± 0.010.18 ± 0.030.24 ± 0.020.20 ± 0.02
C42-Hexanol8068030.85 ± 0.020.97 ± 0.011.57 ± 0.040.64 ± 0.02
C5Acetic acid, butyl ester8098120.59 ± 0.030.54 ± 0.020.66 ± 0.040.53 ± 0.02
C62-Methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester8418460.56 ± 0.010.59 ± 0.0210.68 ± 0.03-
C7(Z)-Hex-3-en-1-ol8498510.45 ± 0.030.29 ± 0.020.51 ± 0.020.39 ± 0.03
C81-Hexanol8568671.41 ± 0.041.04 ± 0.026.33 ± 0.083.02 ± 0.01
C93-Methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester8578590.32 ± 0.021.11 ± 0.031.65 ± 0.040.51 ± 0.01
C10Acetic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester8818760.47 ± 0.030.37 ± 0.010.42 ± 0.010.40 ± 0.02
C11Tiglic acid ethyl ester952949-1.28 ± 0.051.74 ± 0.02-
C121-Heptanol9759701.08 ± 0.042.56 ± 0.061.56 ± 0.020.89 ± 0.02
C131-Octen-3-ol9989860.94 ± 0.021.16 ± 0.011.78 ± 0.010.73 ± 0.02
C143-Octanone1,0039874.53 ± 0.091.78 ± 0.027.33 ± 0.032.84 ± 0.03
C153-Octanol1,0099950.51 ± 0.010.47 ± 0.020.54 ± 0.020.49 ± 0.01
C16(E) -2-Octen-1-ol1,0621,0670.51 ± 0.010.52 ± 0.010.58 ± 0.020.99 ± 0.02
C17Nonanal1,1101,0890.44 ± 0.020.35 ± 0.020.33 ± 0.020.48 ± 0.01
C183-Nonen-2-one1,1421,1360.67 ± 0.020.69 ± 0.030.78 ± 0.030.65 ± 0.02

[i] Notes: “-” means not detected.

[ii] RI, retention indexes; SE, standard error; FW, fresh weight.

Figure 5

Effects of ZnSO4 treatments on emissions of terpenoids (A), benzenes (B), fatty acid derivatives (C) and total floral volatiles (D) from D. huoshanense petals. The superscript symbols * and ** indicate that there is a significant difference between means in p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively.

Figure 6

Structure diagram of canonical correlation analysis among the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (X group), production rates of precursors and ATP (Y group) and emissions of floral volatiles (Z group). (A) shows there is a significantly positive correlation between the X group and the Y group at the statistical 1% level. Similar to (A), (B) also shows a statistical correlation between the X and Z groups. (C) has two canonical correlation coefficients, and they are both statistically significant at the 1% level, indicating that there is a very close positive correlation between the Y and Z group even though their internal canonical loading of each indicator inside the Y and Z group is different. The superscript symbols * and ** indicate that there is a significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the X group, the Y group and the Z group in p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. ATP, adenosine triphosphate, Phe, phenylalanine; IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; LA, linoleic acid; LNA, linolenic acid; DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate.

Table S1

Canonical correlation analysis between the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and the production of precursors and ATP.

Correlations between Set-1 (the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes) and Set-2 (production of precursors and ATP)
IPPDMAPPPheLALNAATP
Complex I0.71040.67860.72070.78720.67270.5994
Complex II0.94040.96740.95490.92940.94830.9942
Complex III0.57990.55740.61050.69110.55080.4600
Complex IV0.68950.66770.70790.77870.66990.5780
Complex V0.95490.97540.96430.93380.95340.9942
Canonical correlations
0.999
Test that remaining correlations are zero:
Wilk'sChi-SQDFSig.
0.00051.36230.0000.009

[i] IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; Phe, phenylalanine; LA, linoleic acid; LNA, linolenic acid; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; DF, degree of freedom.

Table S2

Canonical correlation analysis between the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and emission of floral volatiles.

Correlations between Set-1 (the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes) and Set-2 (emission of floral volatiles)
TerpenoidsBenzoidsFatty acid derivatives
Complex I0.65950.44760.5092
Complex II0.96920.97620.9915
Complex III0.52680.30420.3576
Complex IV0.63980.41670.4832
Complex V0.98040.97060.9929
Canonical correlations
0.999
Test that remaining correlations are zero:
Wilk'sChi-SQDFSig.
0.00060.32915.0000.000

[i] DF, degree of freedom.

Table S3

Canonical correlation analysis between the production of precursors and ATP and emission of floral volatiles.

Correlations between Set-1 (the production of precursors and ATP) and Set-2 (emission of floral volatiles)
TerpenoidsBenzoidsFatty acid derivatives
IPP0.99050.88340.9420
DMAPP0.99690.92620.9658
Phe0.98370.89450.9446
LA0.96960.86010.9096
LNA0.98830.90120.9498
ATP0.98560.97040.9919
Canonical correlations
0.999
Test that remaining correlations are zero:
Wilk'sChi-SQDFSig.Wilk'sChi-SQDFSig.
0.00062.98918.0000.0000.02123.16310.0000.010

[i] IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; Phe, phenylalanine; LA, linoleic acid; LNA, linolenic acid; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; DF, degree of freedom.

Figure S1

Total ion chromatogram [(A), the control group; (B), 2 mM ZnSO4 treatments; (C), 4 mM ZnSO4 treatments; (D), 8 mM ZnSO4 treatments] of floral volatiles from D. huoshanense petals at 6 h after different ZnSO4 concentration treatments. MS, mass spectrometer; TIC, total ion chromatograph; NL, nominal level; RT, retention time.

Figure S2

Total ion chromatogram [(A), the control group; (B), 2 mM ZnSO4 treatments; (C), 4 mM ZnSO4 treatments; (D), 8 mM ZnSO4 treatments] of floral volatiles from D. huoshanense petals at 9 h after different ZnSO4 concentration treatments. MS, mass spectrometer; TIC, total ion chromatograph; NL, nominal level; RT, retention time.

Figure S3

Total ion chromatogram [(A), the control group; (B), 2 mM ZnSO4 treatments; (C), 4 mM ZnSO4 treatments; (D), 8 mM ZnSO4 treatments)] of floral volatiles from D. huoshanense petals at 12 h after different ZnSO4 concentration treatments. MS, mass spectrometer; TIC, total ion chromatograph; NL, nominal level; RT, retention time.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2022-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
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Language: English
Page range: 105 - 124
Submitted on: Aug 12, 2021
Accepted on: Apr 25, 2022
Published on: Jun 2, 2022
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
ATP,
D. huoshanense,
floral volatiles,
mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes,
precursors,
Zn2+ concentrations
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science

© 2022 Wangsheng Zhu, Jun Dai, Jiahong Wang, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 34 (2022): Issue 1 (June 2022)
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