Investigation of stem anatomy in relation to hydraulic conductance, vegetative growth and yielding potential of ‘Summit’ cherry trees grafted on different rootstock candidates

Narandžić, Tijana; Ljubojević, Mirjana; Ostojić, Jovana; Barać, Goran; Ognjanov, Vladislav

doi:10.2478/fhort-2021-0019

Figures & Tables

Rootstock influence on VLA in rootstock candidates and grafted ‘Summit’ cherry trees: (A) PC_02_01/4 rootstock candidate; (B) ‘Summit’/PC_02_01/4 scion-rootstock combination; (C) PF_02_16 rootstock candidate; (D) ‘Summit’/PF_02_16 scion-rootstock combination. VLA, vessel lumen area.

Percentages of vessels per size category in the secondary wood of (A) rootstock stems and (B) scion stems of grafted sweet cherry trees. Mean values designated with the same letter were not significantly different according to Duncan's test (p ≤ 0.05).

Diagrams of correlations between: (A) Ve and kh(T) in 2019; (B) Ve and kh(T) in 2020; (C) Ve and yielding potential in 2019; (D) kh(T) and yielding potential in 2020.

Yielding potential of seven scion-rootstock combinations in three consecutive years. Mean values designated with the same letter were not significantly different according to Duncan's test (p ≤ 0.05).

Correlation coefficients between secondary wood anatomical characteristics of rootstocks’ and scions’ stems in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

Rootstock/Scion	SWA (mm²)	% V_SW	% R_SW	% X_SW	VLA (μm²)	VF (N · mm⁻²)
SWA (mm²)	0.35	0.33	−0.69	0.76	0.57	−0.70
% V_SW	0.19	0.00	−0.48	0.72	0.18	−0.38
% R_SW	0.49	0.44	−0.81	0.85	0.64	−0.79
% X_SW	−0.36	−0.23	0.68	−0.84	−0.43	0.62
VLA (μm²)	0.26	0.38	−0.68	0.71	0.63	−0.74
VF (N · mm⁻²)	−0.22	−0.53	0.40	−0.16	−0.66	0.58

Effective tree crown volume and trunk hydraulic conductivity of ‘Summit’ trees in 2017–2020_

Effective tree crown volume (m³)

Rootstock	2017	2018	2019	2020
PC_02_01/4	0.47 a	1.29 a	2.47 a	2.97 a
PC_05_04	0.24 b	0.78 bc	1.85 ab	2.41 ab
PF_01_01	0.11 c	0.39 cd	0.91 cd	1.21 cd
PF_02_16	0.05 c	0.24 d	0.47 d	0.86 d
PF_04_09	0.06 c	0.41 cd	0.64 d	1.10 cd
PM_09_01	0.08 c	0.36 d	0.84 cd	1.29 cd
Gisela 5	0.23 b	1.09 ab	1.45 bc	1.97 bc
Mean	0.18	0.65	1.21	1.65

Correlation coefficients between cross-section anatomical characteristics of rootstocks’ and scions’ stems in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

Rootstock/Scion	SD (mm)	CSA (mm²)	% P	% SW	% SC	% PD	SW/SC ratio	% V	% R	% X
SD (mm)	0.47	0.51	0.53	−0.30	−0.41	0.24	0.04	0.38	−0.83	−0.03
CSA (mm²)	0.43	0.47	0.49	−0.31	−0.36	0.24	0.01	0.35	−0.79	−0.05
% P	0.56	0.56	0.76	−0.05	−0.60	−0.72	0.28	0.61	−0.47	0.01
% SW	0.08	0.09	−0.22	0.03	0.01	0.72	0.03	−0.01	−0.13	0.13
% SC	−0.19	−0.20	0.10	−0.04	0.11	−0.62	−0.10	−0.16	0.23	−0.14
% PD	−0.67	−0.69	−0.50	0.05	0.59	−0.21	−0.29	−0.48	0.66	−0.18
SW/SC ratio	0.14	0.15	−0.13	0.00	−0.05	0.67	0.04	0.06	−0.22	0.11
% V	0.15	0.19	0.01	−0.04	−0.14	0.55	0.06	0.03	−0.39	0.18
% R	0.34	0.37	0.17	−0.08	−0.29	0.57	0.12	0.24	−0.55	0.15
% X	−0.06	−0.07	−0.40	0.09	0.17	0.67	−0.02	−0.11	0.15	0.07

Correlation coefficients between calculated effective tree crown volumes, trunk hydraulic conductivity and potential yielding in 2017–2021 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

	V_e (mm³) in 2017	V_e (mm³) in 2018	V_e (mm³) in 2019	V_e (mm³) in 2020	k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m ·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2017	k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m ·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2018	k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m ·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2019	k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m ·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2020	Number of flowers· tree⁻¹ in 2019	Number of flowers· tree⁻¹ in 2020	Number of flowers· tree⁻¹ in 2021
V_e (mm³) in 2017	1.00
V_e (mm³) in 2018	0.93	1.00
V_e (mm³) in 2019	0.97	0.91	1.00
V_e (mm³) in 2020	0.96	0.92	1.00	1.00
k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2017	0.86	0.76	0.93	0.94	1.00
k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m ·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2018	0.83	0.70	0.89	0.91	0.99	1.00
k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m ·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2019	0.80	0.66	0.86	0.88	0.99	0.99	1.00
k_h(T)(10⁻⁴ kg · m ·MPa⁻¹ ·s⁻¹) in 2020	0.84	0.71	0.89	0.89	0.98	0.98	0.99	1.00
Number of flowers· tree⁻¹ in 2019	0.85	0.89	0.91	0.94	0.91	0.87	0.84	0.82	1.00
Number of flowers· tree⁻¹ in 2020	0.90	0.89	0.95	0.96	0.91	0.88	0.85	0.87	0.90	1.00
Number of flowers· tree⁻¹ in 2021	0.61	0.58	0.73	0.75	0.85	0.82	0.85	0.84	0.79	0.75	1.00

Secondary wood anatomical properties in rootstock stems_

Genotype	SWA (mm²)	% V_SW	% R_SW	% X_SW	VLA (μm²)	VF (N · mm⁻²)
PC_02_01/4	1.33 d	16.26 b	10.27 c	73.46 d	264.65 c	614.56 b
PC_05_04	2.54 c	11.68 c	10.74 c	77.58 c	332.20 b	355.40 d
PF_01_01	0.97 ef	16.85 b	8.28 d	74.87 d	241.58 c	708.91 a
PF_02_16	0.78 f	10.77 c	5.89 e	83.34 a	211.81 d	520.20 c
PF_04_09	1.15 de	11.03 c	8.54 d	80.43 b	215.48 d	511.40 c
PM_09_01	5.42 a	18.99 a	15.11 a	65.90 f	492.45 a	387.79 d
Gisela 5	3.39 b	17.59 ab	13.55 b	68.86 e	334.65 b	556.68 bc
Mean	2.22	14.74	10.34	74.92	298.97	522.14

Correlation coefficients between scions’ stem anatomical characteristics in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

	SD (mm)	CSA (mm²)	% P	% SW	% SC	% PD	SW/SC ratio	% V	% R	% X	SWA (mm²)	% V_SW	% R_SW	% X_SW	VLA (μm²)	VF (N · mm⁻²)	% of vessels <300 μm²	% of vessels 300–700 μm²	% of vessels >700 μm²
SD (mm)	1.00
CSA (mm²)	1.00	1.00
% P	0.66	0.69	1.00
% SW	0.28	0.25	−0.45	1.00
% SC	−0.94	−0.93	−0.55	−0.47	1.00
% PD	−0.25	−0.27	−0.62	0.27	0.16	1.00
SW/SC ratio	0.67	0.65	0.00	0.88	−0.83	0.10	1.00
% V	0.92	0.92	0.65	0.33	−0.95	−0.28	0.72	1.00
% R	−0.48	−0.50	−0.83	0.51	0.44	0.15	0.07	−0.52	1.00
% X	0.37	0.35	−0.33	0.95	−0.60	0.38	0.92	0.43	0.26	1.00
SWA (mm²)	0.95	0.95	0.46	0.51	−0.95	−0.12	0.83	0.90	−0.33	0.60	1.00
% V_SW	0.81	0.82	0.92	−0.21	−0.73	−0.44	0.26	0.85	−0.78	−0.09	0.64	1.00
% R_SW	−0.71	−0.73	−0.71	0.05	0.76	0.03	−0.39	−0.77	0.88	−0.21	−0.67	−0.78	1.00
% X_SW	0.38	0.41	0.31	0.10	−0.54	0.32	0.37	0.45	−0.67	0.40	0.48	0.33	−0.85	1.00
VLA (μm²)	0.72	0.73	0.87	−0.43	−0.54	−0.24	0.02	0.64	−0.85	−0.28	0.51	0.91	−0.75	0.36	1.00
VF (N · mm⁻²)	−0.66	−0.68	−0.76	0.42	0.48	0.04	0.00	−0.51	0.82	0.23	−0.48	−0.77	0.73	−0.45	−0.95	1.00
% of vessels <300 μm²	−0.79	−0.80	−0.91	0.35	0.62	0.32	−0.11	−0.71	0.82	0.22	−0.58	−0.94	0.75	−0.34	−0.99	0.93	1.00
% of vessels 300–700 μm²	0.89	0.89	0.90	−0.19	−0.74	−0.38	0.28	0.81	−0.74	−0.07	0.71	0.96	−0.76	0.34	0.95	−0.87	−0.98	1.00
% of vessels >700 μm²	0.54	0.56	0.84	−0.60	−0.35	−0.20	−0.19	0.47	−0.87	−0.45	0.31	0.83	−0.68	0.32	0.97	−0.93	−0.94	0.85	1.00

‘Summit’ scion stem anatomical characteristics on different rootstock candidates and ‘Gisela 5’ control rootstock_

Summit/Rootstock candidate	SD (mm)	CSA (mm²)	% P	% SW	% SC	% PD	SW/SC ratio	% V	% R	% X
PC_02_01/4	6.28 a	31.31 a	16.92 a	33.58 abc	44.21 d	5.30 c	0.76 ab	5.47 a	6.95 bc	21.15 b
PC_05_04	5.75 bc	26.16 bc	14.73 b	31.05 c	47.64 bc	6.58 b	0.66 c	4.91 abc	6.77 bc	19.37 b
PF_01_01	5.02 d	19.91 d	11.15 cd	32.46 bc	49.82 a	6.58 b	0.66 c	4.17 c	7.81 b	20.48 b
PF_02_16	5.46 c	23.78 c	10.42 d	34.40 ab	48.87 ab	6.30 b	0.71 bc	4.55 bc	8.93 a	20.92 b
PF_04_09	5.90 abc	27.48 abc	12.63 c	36.14 a	44.68 d	6.55 b	0.81 a	5.49 a	7.54 b	23.11 a
PM_09_01	5.87 abc	27.99 ab	15.06 b	32.25 bc	46.12 cd	6.57 b	0.71 bc	5.17 ab	6.23 c	20.84 b
Gisela 5	5.97 ab	28.24 ab	11.10 cd	36.01 a	45.37 d	7.52 a	0.80 a	4.99 abc	7.77 b	23.26 a
Mean	5.75	26.41	13.14	33.70	46.67	6.49	0.73	4.96	7.43	21.31

Rootstock stem anatomical characteristics for seven investigated candidate genotypes_

Genotype	SD (mm)	CSA (mm²)	% P	% SW	% SC	% PD	SW/SC ratio	% V	% R	% X
PC_02_01/4	2.65 d	5.57 d	15.78 a	23.89 e	51.75 a	8.58 d	0.47 e	3.91 de	2.45 d	17.53 d
PC_05_04	2.88 c	6.57 c	9.72 c	37.87 b	42.83 bc	9.59 c	0.90 c	4.29 cd	4.09 c	29.49 a
PF_01_01	2.11 e	3.50 e	9.53 c	27.71 d	51.20 a	11.56 ab	0.55 e	4.68 c	2.24 d	20.79 c
PF_02_16	1.61 f	2.06 f	6.39 e	37.05 b	44.19 b	12.37 a	0.85 c	4.01 cde	2.18 d	30.86 a
PF_04_09	2.12 e	3.56 e	11.40 b	32.03 c	45.27 b	11.31 b	0.71 d	3.52 e	2.75 d	25.76 b
PM_09_01	3.92 a	12.09 a	8.93 cd	44.94 a	38.44 d	7.69 e	1.19 a	8.52 a	6.75 a	29.67 a
Gisela 5	3.12 b	7.67 b	7.91 d	43.77 a	41.09 c	7.23 e	1.08 b	7.64 b	5.92 b	30.21 a
Mean	2.63	5.86	9.95	35.32	44.97	9.76	0.82	5.22	3.77	26.33

Correlation coefficients between rootstocks’ stem anatomical characteristics in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

	SD (mm)	CSA (mm²)	% P	% SW	% SC	% PD	SW/SC ratio	% V	% R	% X	SWA (mm²)	% V_SW	% R_SW	% X_SW	VLA (μm²)	VF (N · mm⁻²)	% of vessels <300 μm²	% of vessels 300–700 μm²	% of vessels >700 μm²
SD (mm)	1.00
CSA (mm²)	0.99	1.00
% P	0.06	−0.01	1.00
% SW	0.57	0.62	−0.72	1.00
% SC	−0.58	−0.64	0.62	−0.97	1.00
% PD	−0.90	−0.86	−0.20	−0.44	0.42	1.00
SW/SC ratio	0.64	0.69	−0.66	0.99	−0.98	−0.49	1.00
% V	0.82	0.85	−0.38	0.77	−0.68	−0.74	0.79	1.00
% R	0.91	0.92	−0.31	0.84	−0.82	−0.81	0.88	0.93	1.00
% X	0.22	0.28	−0.82	0.91	−0.91	−0.09	0.88	0.44	0.55	1.00
SWA (mm²)	0.95	0.98	−0.22	0.77	−0.77	−0.79	0.83	0.91	0.97	0.47	1.00
% V_SW	0.69	0.68	0.12	0.18	−0.07	−0.70	0.22	0.77	0.58	−0.23	0.61	1.00
% R_SW	0.98	0.96	0.04	0.59	−0.58	−0.94	0.65	0.86	0.93	0.23	0.93	0.73	1.00
% X_SW	−0.89	−0.88	−0.09	−0.40	0.34	0.88	−0.46	−0.87	−0.80	0.01	−0.82	−0.94	−0.92	1.00
VLA (μm²)	0.95	0.98	−0.15	0.68	−0.69	−0.76	0.75	0.86	0.91	0.37	0.98	0.63	0.91	−0.82	1.00
VF (N · mm⁻²)	−0.50	−0.54	0.25	−0.67	0.79	0.28	−0.70	−0.28	−0.56	−0.70	−0.60	0.24	−0.41	0.07	−0.59	1.00
% of vessels <300 μm²	−0.98	−0.99	0.10	−0.67	0.65	0.85	−0.73	−0.88	−0.93	−0.33	−0.98	−0.69	−0.95	0.88	−0.99	0.53	1.00
% of vessels 300–700 μm²	0.97	0.96	−0.04	0.62	−0.59	−0.92	0.67	0.85	0.92	0.28	0.93	0.71	0.97	−0.90	0.93	−0.46	−0.98	1.00
% of vessels >700 μm²	0.85	0.91	−0.21	0.67	−0.70	−0.58	0.74	0.80	0.83	0.40	0.93	0.54	0.78	−0.71	0.96	−0.61	−0.90	0.79	1.00

List of investigated Prunus sp_ genotypes_

Accession name	Species, interspecific hybrid
PC_02_01/4	Prunus cerasus ecovar. Oblačinska
PC_05_04	Prunus cerasus ecovar. Oblačinska
PF_01_01	Prunus fruticosa
PF_02_16	Prunus fruticosa
PF_04_09	Prunus fruticosa
PM_09_01	Prunus mahaleb
Gisela 5	Prunus cerasus × Prunus canenscens

Secondary wood anatomical properties in scion stems_

Summit/Rootstock candidate	SWA (mm²)	% V_SW	% R_SW	% X_SW	VLA (μm²)	VF (N · mm⁻²)
PC_02_01/4	10.66 a	16.18 a	20.67 cd	63.15 abc	368.44 a	456.36 b
PC_05_04	8.15 bc	15.71 a	21.95 bc	62.34 bc	390.55 a	436.23 b
PF_01_01	6.48 c	12.77 c	24.17 ab	63.06 abc	232.84 c	545.37 a
PF_02_16	8.30 bc	13.19 c	26.00 a	60.80 c	248.22 c	549.14 a
PF_04_09	9.94 ab	15.17 ab	20.91 cd	63.93 abc	292.43 b	529.33 a
PM_09_01	9.74 ab	15.41 ab	18.86 d	65.73 a	370.34 a	445.66 b
Gisela 5	10.28 ab	13.92 bc	21.61 bcd	64.47 ab	304.73 b	471.77 b
Mean	9.08	14.62	22.03	63.35	315.36	490.55

Investigation of stem anatomy in relation to hydraulic conductance, vegetative growth and yielding potential of ‘Summit’ cherry trees grafted on different rootstock candidates

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Correlation coefficients between secondary wood anatomical characteristics of rootstocks’ and scions’ stems in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

Effective tree crown volume and trunk hydraulic conductivity of ‘Summit’ trees in 2017–2020_

Correlation coefficients between cross-section anatomical characteristics of rootstocks’ and scions’ stems in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

Correlation coefficients between calculated effective tree crown volumes, trunk hydraulic conductivity and potential yielding in 2017–2021 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

Secondary wood anatomical properties in rootstock stems_

Correlation coefficients between scions’ stem anatomical characteristics in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

‘Summit’ scion stem anatomical characteristics on different rootstock candidates and ‘Gisela 5’ control rootstock_

Rootstock stem anatomical characteristics for seven investigated candidate genotypes_

Correlation coefficients between rootstocks’ stem anatomical characteristics in 2016 (underlined values were statistically significant at p < 0_05)_

List of investigated Prunus sp_ genotypes_

Secondary wood anatomical properties in scion stems_

Paradigm

My account