Parameters of radish phytomass (Raphanus sativus L.) determined by vermicompost and earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Kováčik, Peter; Olšovská, Katarína; Smoleń, Sylwester; Ledwożyw-Smoleń, Iwona

doi:10.2478/fhort-2021-0017

Figures & Tables

Impact of Vc and EW on the changes of radish roots diameter_

Treatment		3. V. (36 days after emergence of plants)		9. V. (42 days after emergence of plants)

No.	Mark	cm	%	cm	%
1	S	1.46 a	100.00	1.69 a	100.00
2	SVc_9:1	3.15 fg	215.75	3.31 ef	195.86
3	SVc_4:1	3.36 g	230.14	3.72 g	220.12
4	SVc_3:1	3.21 fg	219.86	3.64 fg	215.38
5	SVc_1:1	2.96 ef	202.74	3.08 cde	182.25
6	SVc_9:1+EW₁₀	2.78 cde	190.41	2.85 bcd	168.64
7	SVc_9:1+EW₂₀	2.59 bcd	177.40	2.71 bc	160.36
8	SVc_4:1+EW₁₀	2.97 ef	203.42	3.29 ef	194.67
9	SVc_4:1+EW₂₀	2.94 def	201.40	3.22 de	190.53
10	SVc_3:1+EW₁₀	2.76 bcde	189.04	3.04 cde	179.88
11	SVc_3:1+EW₂₀	2.68 bcde	183.56	2.90 bcd	171.60
12	SVc_1:1+EW₁₀	2.53 bc	173.29	2,79 bc	165.09
13	SVc_1:1+EW₂₀	2.41 b	16.07	2.66 b	157.40
1–13		2.75	–	2.99	–
2–5		3.17	–	3.44	–
6–13		2.71	–	2.93	–
6,8,10,12		2.76	–	2.99	–
7,9,11,13		2.66	–	2.87	–
LSD _0.05		0.351		0.377

Impact of Vc and EW on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in radish leaves_

Treatment		3. V. (36 days a.e)				9. V. (42 days a.e)

No.	Mark	chl. a	chl. b	chl. a+b	chl. a:b	chl. a	chl. b	chl. a+b	chl. a:b

		mg · m⁻²				mg · m⁻²
1	S	198.2 a	80.3 a	278.5 a	2.47	189.2 a	78.1 a	267.3 a	2.42
2	SV_9:1	232.4 bc	99.3 bc	331.7 bcd	2.34	206.5 ab	89.8 b	296.3 b	2.30
3	SV_4:1	234.3 bc	104.7 bcd	339.0 cde	2.24	235.4 c	105.6 c	341.0 cde	2.23
4	SV _3:1	238.6 c	109.9 bcd	348.5 de	2.17	240.1 c	111.1 c	351.2 cde	2.16
5	SV _1:1	242.6 c	115.5 d	358.1 e	2.10	242.4 c	115.3 c	357.7 d	2.10
6	SV_9:1+EW₁₀	224.0 bc	97.8 b	321.8 bc	2.29	199.8 a	89.3 b	289.1 b	2.24
7	SV_9:1+EW₂₀	214.4 ab	97.4 b	311.8 b	2.20	194.7 a	88.4 ab	283.1 ab	2.20
8	SV_4:1+EW₁₀	230.2 bc	105.6 bcd	335.8 bcd	2.18	229.8 c	106.2 c	336.0 cd	2.16
9	SV_4:1+EW₂₀	227.8 bc	106.4 bcd	334.2 bcd	2.14	225.9 bc	106.5 c	333.4 c	2.12
10	SV_3:1+EW₁₀	238.6 c	109.9 bcd	348.5 de	2.17	237.9 c	111.2 c	349.1 cde	2.14
11	SV_3:1+EW₂₀	237.2 c	109.3 bcd	346.5 cde	2.17	235.1 c	110.3 c	345.4 cde	2.13
12	SV_1:1+EW₁₀	240.4 c	113.5 d	353.9 de	2.12	238.8 c	114.8 c	353.6 cd	2.08
13	SV_1:1+EW₂₀	237.7 c	112.1 cd	349.8 de	2.12	234.3 c	114.4 c	348.7 cde	2.05
1–13		230.49	104.75	335.24	2.21	223.84	103.15	327.07	2.18
2–5		236.98	107.35	344.33	2.21	231.10	105.45	336.55	2.20
6–13		231.29	106.50	337.79	2.17	224.54	105.14	329.80	2.14
6,8,10,12		233.30	106.70	340.00	2.19	226.58	105.38	331.95	2.155
7,9,11,13		229.28	106.30	335.58	2.16	222.50	104.90	327.65	2.125
LSD_0.05		20.606	13.418	24.964	–	22.055	10.996	19.258	–

Impact of Vc and EW on the nitrates (NaNO3) content in radish roots and leaves_

Treatment		3. V. (36 days a.e)		9. V. (42 days a.e)		3. V.	9. V.

		Roots	Leaves	Roots	Leaves	R:L
						R:L
No.	Mark	mg · kg⁻¹
1	S	652.44 a	268.82 a	458.86 a	256.38 a	2.427	1.790
2	SV_9:1	1,680.32 c	583.10 b	1,127.08 c	550.86 b	2.882	2.046
3	SV_4:1	2,562.50 e	948.20 c	2,490.42 e	880.82 c	2.702	2.827
4	SV _3:1	2,633.00 e	1,272.42 d	2,390.52 de	1,098.42 d	2.069	2.176
5	SV _1:1	3,078.68 f	1,673.54 e	3,000.62 f	1,248.00 e	1.840	2.404
6	SV_9:1+EW₁₀	1,477.26 b	566.20 b	981.78 b	530.40 b	2.609	1.851
7	SV_9:1+EW₂₀	1,439.88 b	566.20 b	980.16 b	522.00 b	2.543	1.878
8	SV_4:1+EW₁₀	2,342.48 d	920.46 c	2,335.00 d	864.76 c	2.545	2.700
9	SV_4:1+EW₂₀	2,278.82 d	900.00 c	2,307.82 d	864.76 c	2.532	2.669
10	SV_3:1+EW₁₀	2,578.82 e	1,200.00 d	2,382.50 de	1,056.76 d	2.149	2.255
11	SV_3:1+EW₂₀	2,562.62 e	1,200.00 d	2,380.00 de	1,040.20 d	2.136	2.288
12	SV_1:1+EW₁₀	3,004.06 f	1,650.86 e	2,950.00 f	1,248.00 e	1.820	2.364
13	SV_1:1+EW₂₀	3,012.22 f	1,658.98 e	2,950.00 f	1,248.80 e	1.816	2.362
1–13		2,254.09	1,031.45	2,056.52	877.70	2.19	2.34
2–5		2,488.63	1,119.32	2,252.16	944.53	2.22	2.38
6–13		2,337.02	1,082.84	2,158.41	921.96	2.16	2.34
6,8,10,12		2,350.66	1,084.38	2,162.32	924.98	2.16	2.34
7,9,11,13		2,323.39	1,081.30	2,154.50	918.94	2.15	2.34
LSD		98.884	77.286	116.116	132.053	–	–

Parameters of soil and Vc used in the experiment_

Subs.	N_in	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	N_tot	C_ox	C:N	EC	pH_KCl

	(mg · kg⁻¹)						(%)			(mS · cm⁻¹)
S	9.2	17.8	173	3,100	452	4.4	0.07	0.90	11.88	0.12	6.35
Vc	310.1	3,085	8,763	5,135	3,252	2,068	2.97	19.89	5.53	4.98	7.33

Impact of Vc and EW on the dynamics of radish roots and leaves weight changes_

Treatment		24. IV. (27 days after emergence of plants		3. V. (36 days after emergence of plants		9. V. (42 days after emergence of plants

No.	Mark			g per 10 individuals

		Roots	Leaves	Root	Leaves	Root	Leaves
1	S	2.04 bc	14.75 a	20.92 a	16.00 a	29.94 a	18.63 a
2	SVc_9:1	2.94 h	21.08 de	149.60 f	83.91 def	186.92 e	104.60 cd
3	SVc_4:1	3.66 i	22.56 e	154.72 g	95.96 g	220,27 f	147.78 f
4	SVc_3:1	2.81 h	20.25 cde	146.70 f	85.99 fg	215.42 f	136.35 f
5	SVc_1:1	2.19 cd	17.32 abc	101.98 c	84.87 efg	141.51 c	113.23 de
6	SVc_9:1+EW₁₀	1.99 b	15.47 ab	107.00 d	59.18 b	143.00 c	70.78 b
7	SVc_9:1+EW₂₀	1.65 a	14.47 a	96.04 b	56.38 b	128.98 b	66.76 b
8	SVc_4:1+EW₁₀	2.55 g	19.06 cd	117.12 e	75.58 cdef	183.60 e	95.74 c
9	SVc_4:1+EW₂₀	2.25 df	17.21 abc	115.88 e	74.21 cde	181.44 e	91.58 c
10	SVc_3:1+EW₁₀	2.54 g	18.25 bcd	109.02 d	72.99 cd	167.33 d	120.14 e
11	SVc_3:1+EW₂₀	2.44 fg	17.96 abc	107.16 d	72.99 cd	163.26 d	118.60 e
12	SVc_1:1+EW₁₀	1.96 b	17.38 abc	105.20 cd	70.77 c	141.77 c	115.76 de
13	SVc_1:1+EW₂₀	1.98 b	17.34 abc	105.20 cd	71.02 c	139.64 c	114.80 de

1–13		2.38	17.93	110.50	70.76	157.16	101.13
2–5		2.90	20.30	138.25	87.68	191.03	125.49
6–13		2.17	17.14	107.83	69.14	156.13	99.27

6,8,10,12		2.26	17.54	109.59	69.63	158.93	100.61
7,9,11,13		2.08	16.75	106.07	68.65	153.33	97.94

LSD _0.05		0.195	3.477	4.734	11.429	9.371	13.378

Impact of Vc and EW on vitamin C content in radish roots and leaves_

Treatment		3. V. (36 days a.e)		9. V. (42 days a.e)		3. V.	9. V.

		Roots	Leaves	Roots	Leaves	R:L
						R:L
No.	Mark	mg · kg⁻¹
1	S	111.22 c	350.44 e	159.72 e	295.84 g	0.317	0.540
2	SVc_9:1	100.14 b	260.54 d	118.68 d	241.32 ef	0.384	0.492
3	SVc_4:1	94.40 ab	237.95 c	110.00 bcd	222.74 d	0.397	0.494
4	SVc_3:1	92.00 ab	215.23 ab	105.20 abc	206.50 bc	0.427	0.509
5	SVc_1:1	87.20 a	202.00 a	99.42 a	188.98 a	0.432	0.526
6	SVc_9:1+EW₁₀	98.92 b	257.06 d	117.82 d	240.88 ef	0.385	0.489
7	SVc_9:1+EW₂₀	99.82 b	251.42 cd	118.00 d	242.36 f	0.397	0.487
8	SVc_4:1+EW₁₀	94.88 ab	238.08 c	110.00 bcd	224.06 d	0.399	0.491
9	SVc_4:1+EW₂₀	95.62 ab	239.64 c	111.80 cd	229.88 de	0.399	0.486
10	SVc_3:1+EW₁₀	92.24 ab	216.34 ab	105.60 abc	209.50 c	0.426	0.504
11	SVc_3:1+EW₂₀	93.60 ab	217.44 b	106.80 abc	209.70 c	0.430	0.509
12	SVc_1:1+EW₁₀	88.10 a	204.64 ab	101.00 ab	192.66 a	0.431	0.524
13	SVc_1:1+EW₂₀	89.10 a	206.88 ab	101.80 ab	196.66 ab	0.431	0.518
1–13		95.17	238.28	112.76	223.16	0.404	0.505
2–5		93.44	228.93	108.33	214.89	0.410	0.505
6–13		94.04	228.94	109.10	218.21	0.412	0.501
6,8,10,12		93.54	229.03	108.61	216.78	0.410	0.502
7,9,11,13		94.54	228.85	109.60	219.65	0.414	0.500
LSD_0.05		9.463	14.03	9.407	11.520	–	–

Impact of Vc and EW on the dynamics of radish leaves to roots phytomass ratio and total phytomass content changes_

Treatment		24. IV. (27 days after emergence of plants		3. V. (36 days after emergence of plants		9. V. (42 days after emergence of plants

No.	Mark	L:R	L+R	L:R	L+R	L:R	L+R
1	S	7.23	16.79	0.76	36.92	0.62	48.57
2	SVc_9:1	7.17	24.02	0.56	233.51	0.56	291.52
3	SVc_4:1	6.16	26.22	0.62	250.68	0.67	368.05
4	SVc_3:1	7.21	23.06	0.59	232.69	0.63	351.77
5	SVc_1:1	7.91	19.51	0.83	186.85	0.80	254.74
6	SVc_9:1+EW₁₀	7.77	17.46	0.55	166.18	0.49	213.78
7	SVc_9:1+EW₂₀	8.77	16.12	0.59	152.42	0.52	195.74
8	SVc_4:1+EW₁₀	7.47	21.61	0.65	192.70	0.52	279.34
9	SVc_4:1+EW₂₀	7.65	19.46	0.64	190.09	0.50	273.02
10	SVc_3:1+EW₁₀	7.19	20.79	0.67	182.01	0.72	287.47
11	SVc_3:1+EW₂₀	7.36	20.40	0.68	180.15	0.73	281.86
12	SVc_1:1+EW₁₀	8.87	19.34	0.67	175.97	0.82	257.53
13	SVc_1:1+EW₂₀	8.76	19.32	0.68	176.22	0.82	254.44
1–13		7.66	20.32	0.65	181.26	0.65	258.29
2–5		7.11	23.20	0.65	225.93	0.67	316.52
6–13		7.98	19.31	0.64	176.97	0.64	255.40
6,8,10,12		7.83	19.80	0.64	179.22	0.64	259.53
7,9,11,13		8.14	18.83	0.65	174.72	0.64	251.27

Relationship between the qualitative (nitrates and vitamin C contents) and quantitative yield parameters_

Parameter		Date of sampling

		3. V. (36 days after emergence of plants	9. V. (42 days after emergence of plants

Dependent	Independent	Correlation coefficient (r)
Weight of roots	Total chlorophyll	0.514⁺⁺	0.515⁺⁺
	Diameter of roots	0.488⁺⁺	0.488⁺⁺
	Weight of leaves	0.600⁺⁺	0.777⁺⁺
Vitamin C in roots	Total chlorophyll	−0.621⁺⁺	−0.740⁺⁺
	Diameter of roots	−0.340₊	−0.585⁺⁺
	Weight of roots	−0.365⁺⁺	−0.645⁺⁺
	NaNO₃ in roots	−0.708⁺⁺	−0.773⁺⁺
Vitamin C in leaves	Total chlorophyll	−0.738⁺⁺	−0.843⁺⁺
	Weight of leaves	−0.730⁺⁺	−0.774⁺⁺
	NaNO₃ in leaves	−0.836⁺⁺	−0.900⁺⁺
NaNO₃ in roots	Total chlorophyll	0.759⁺⁺	0.911⁺⁺
	Diameter of roots	0.441⁺⁺	0.436⁺⁺
	Weight of roots	0.500⁺⁺	0.490⁺⁺
NaNO₃ in leaves	Total chlorophyll	0.707⁺⁺	0.880⁺⁺
NaNO₃ in leaves	Weight of leaves	0.515⁺⁺	0.729⁺⁺

Parameters of radish phytomass (Raphanus sativus L.) determined by vermicompost and earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Figures & Tables

Impact of Vc and EW on the changes of radish roots diameter_

Impact of Vc and EW on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in radish leaves_

Impact of Vc and EW on the nitrates (NaNO3) content in radish roots and leaves_

Parameters of soil and Vc used in the experiment_

Impact of Vc and EW on the dynamics of radish roots and leaves weight changes_

Impact of Vc and EW on vitamin C content in radish roots and leaves_

Impact of Vc and EW on the dynamics of radish leaves to roots phytomass ratio and total phytomass content changes_

Relationship between the qualitative (nitrates and vitamin C contents) and quantitative yield parameters_

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