Figure 1.
An example of the mixed forest stand dominating in the reserve (locality no. 8) – Scots pine (260 years old) with European beech (120 years old) (photo D. Kubiak)
Figure 2.
The location of the ”Sosny Taborskie” nature reserve in Poland and the distribution of the study localities in the reserve: 1 – border of the reserve, 2 – border of the forest section, 3 – border of the forest subsection, 4 – number of forest section, 5 – number of research locality
Table 1.
The list of lichen species recorded in the “Sosny Taborskie” nature reserve
| No. | Species | Localities | Substrate | Red List categories |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Absconditella lignicola Vĕzda & Pišut | 1, 2, 15 | wd | |
| 2 | Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. | 13, 14 | Ap, Fe | |
| 3 | Agonimia repleta Czarnota & Coppins | 1 | Qr | |
| 4 | Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler | 5, 9 | Qr | NT |
| 5 | Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. | 1 | Qr | |
| 6 | Anisomeridium polypori (M.B. Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr | 2, 4, 5, 7–10, 13, 16 | Ap, Fs, Qr, Tc | |
| 7 | Arthonia arthonioides (Ach.) A.L. Sm. | 10 | Qr | CR |
| 8 | Arthonia didyma Körb. | 5, 8, 9 | Fs | EN |
| 9 | Arthonia mediella Nyl. | 9, 12, 14 | Qr | VU |
| 10 | Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. | 1 | Cb, Qr, Ug | |
| 11 | Arthonia spadicea Leight. | 1–6, 8, 10–16 | Cb, Fs, Ps, Qr, Tc | |
| 12 | Arthonia vinosa Leight. | 8 | Fs | NT |
| 13 | Arthothelium ruanum (A. Massal.) Körb. | 6 | Qr | NT |
| 14 | Bacidia biatorina (Körb.) Vain. | 11 | Qr | EN |
| 15 | Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. | 14 | Ap | VU |
| 16 | Bacidia subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold | 1, 2, 5–7, 13 | Ap, Cb, Fe, Qr | EN |
| 17 | Bacidina mendax Czarnota & Guz.-Krzem. | M | Qr | |
| 18 | Bacidina sulphurella (Samp) M. Hauck & V. Wirth | 1–11, 13 | Ca, Cb, Fs, Qr, Tc, wd | |
| 19 | Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen | 1–3, 5, 6, 8–11, 13–15 | Ca, Cb, Fs, Qr, Tc | VU |
| 20 | Biatora hemipolia (Nyl.) S. Ekman & Printzen f. pallida Czarnota & Coppins | 12 | Qr | |
| 21 | Biatora ocelliformis (Nyl.) Arnold | 8 | Cb, Fs | VU |
| 22 | Biatoridium monasteriense J. Lahm | 13 | Fe | NT |
| 23 | Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. | 1–6, 8–12 | Cb, Fs | |
| 24 | Calicium adspersum Pers. | 10 | Qr | EN |
| 25 | Calicium salicinum Pers. | 1–3, 8, 12 | Qr | VU |
| 26 | Calicium viride Pers. | 6, 12, 13 | Qr | VU |
| 27 | Candelariella efflorescens R.C. Harris & W.R. Buck agg. | 8, 9 | Fs | |
| 28 | Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. | M | Qr | EN |
| 29 | Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr. | 1–4, 12–14, 16 | Qr, Pa | |
| 30 | Chaenotheca ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig. | 1, 3, 4, 8, 10, 13–16 | Pa, Ps, Qr | |
| 31 | Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell | 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 | Qr | NT |
| 32 | Chaenotheca stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. | 7, 13, 16 | Ps, Qr | EN |
| 33 | Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. | 1, 2, 6, 9, 13 | Fe, Ps, Qr, Tc, wd | NT |
| 34 | Chenotheca xyloxena Nádv. | M | wd | VU |
| 35 | Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R. Laundon | 1, 2, 4, 11, 13 | Qr, Tc | CR |
| 36 | Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. | 2, 11, 12 | Bp, Qr | |
| 37 | Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. | 1–13, 15, 16 | Cb, Bp, Fs, Pa, Ps, Qr, Tc, wd | |
| 38 | Cladonia digitata (L.) Hoffm. | 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 | Bp, Pa, Ps, wd | |
| 39 | Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. | 1, 12, 13, 16 | Bp, Fs, Qr, Tc, wd | |
| 40 | Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. | 1 | wd | |
| 41 | Cladonia parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. | 4, 5 | wd | EN |
| 42 | Coenogonium pineti (Schrad.) Lücking & Lumbsch | 1–16 | Bp, Cb, Fs, Pa, Ps, Qr, Tc, wd | |
| 43 | Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. | 1, 8, 9, 12 | Fs, Qr, wd | NT |
| 44 | Fellhanera gyrophorica Sérus. & al. | 1, 6, 8, 10–13, 15 | Fs, Qr, Tc | LC |
| 45 | Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale | M | Fs | EN |
| 46 | Fuscidea arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg | 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 14 | Cb, Fs, Tc | |
| 47 | Fuscidea pusilla Tønsberg | 12, 15 | Bp, Pa | |
| 48 | Graphis scripts (L.) Ach. | 1–13, 15, 16 | Ca, Cb, Fs, Tc, Ug | NT |
| 49 | Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) Choisy | 1–3, 5–8, 12–14, 16 | Bp, Fs, Pa, Ps, Qr, Tc | |
| 50 | Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. | 1–4, 7–9, 11–13, 15, 16 | Bp, Cb, Fs, Pa, Qr, wd | |
| 51 | Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. | 3, 8 | Fs Qr | NT |
| 52 | Inoderma byssaceum (Weigel) Gray | 6 | Qr | EN |
| 53 | Lecania croatica (Zahlbr.) Kotlov | 1–3, 5, 6, 8, 12–14 | Ca, Cb, Fs, Qr, Ug | |
| 54 | Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme | 1, 2, 6–9 | Ap, Cb, Fs, Qr | |
| 55 | Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vain. | 5 | Qr | |
| 56 | Lecanora substerilis Malíček & Vondrák | 4, 6 | Cb | |
| 57 | Lecanora conizaeoides Nyl. | M | Bp | |
| 58 | Lecanora expallens Ach. | 1–16 | Cb, Fe, Fs, Qr, Tc, Ug | |
| 59 | Lecanora intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh. | 11 | Fs | EN |
| 60 | Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. | 8, 16 | Fs, Qr | |
| 61 | Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr. | 1 | wd | |
| 62 | Lecanora stanislai Guzow-Krzem., Łubek, Malíček & Kukwa | 1–4, 6, 9, 13 | Ca, Qr, Tc | |
| 63 | Lecanora thysanophora R.C. Harris | 1–9 | Cb, Fs, Qr, Tc | |
| 64 | Lecidea nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. | 1 | wd | |
| 65 | Lecidella subviridis Tønsberg | 12 | Fs | |
| 66 | Lepra albescens (Huds.) Hafellner | 7 | Ap | |
| 67 | Lepra amara (Ach.) Hafellner | 1–13, 15, 16 | Cb, Fs, Qr, Tc | |
| 68 | Lepraria elobata Tønsberg | 1–16 | Bp, Ca, Cb, Fs, Pa, Ps, Qr, Tc, wd | |
| 69 | Lepraria finkii (B. de Lesd. Ex Hue) R.C. Harrisyl. | 1–11, 13–16 | Ap, Ca, Cb, Fe, Fs, Qr Tc, Ug | |
| 70 | Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. | 1–16 | Ap, Bp, Ca, Cb, Fe, Fs, Pa, Ps, Qr, Tc, Ug, wd | |
| 71 | Lepraria jackii Tønsberg | 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 13, 16 | Bp, Pa, Ps, Qr, Tc, wd | |
| 72 | Lepraria rigidula (B. de Lesd.) Tønsberg | 1–3, 9, 10, 12, 16 | Bp, Cb, Fs, Tc | |
| 73 | Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) R.C. Harris | 7, 14 | Ap | |
| 74 | Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. | 4, 5 | Fs | EN |
| 75 | Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) O. Blanco & al. | 116 | Fs Cb Ps Tc Ca Ug | |
| 76 | Melanohalea exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco & al. | M | Ca, Cb, Fs, Ps, Tc, Ug | |
| 77 | Micarea misella (Nyl.) Hedl. | 1, 8 | wd | |
| 78 | Micarea prasina grupa | 1–16 | Ps wd Tc Fs Qr Cb Pa Bp | |
| 79 | Micarea tomentosa Czarnota & Coppins | 10, 16 | Qr, wd | |
| 80 | Micarea viridileprosa Coppins & van den Boom | 1 | wd | |
| 81 | *Microcalicium disseminatum (Ach.) Vain. | 6, 13 | Qr | |
| 82 | Ochrolechia bahusiensis H. Magn. | 3–5, 8, 10–12, 14, 16 | Fs, Qr | VU |
| 83 | Ochrolechia microstictoides Räsänen | 2, 11 | Bp, Fs | |
| 84 | Opegrapha niveoatra (Borrer) J.R. Laundon | 2, 8–10, 14 | Qr | VU |
| 85 | Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. | 2, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16 | Bp, Fs, Ps, Qr | |
| 86 | Parmelia sulcata Taylor | 1–3, 5, 7–10, 13, 15, 16 | Fs Qr Cb Ps wd Bp | |
| 87 | Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. | 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 | Bp, Cb, Fs, Qr, Ps, wd | |
| 88 | Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. | 5, 9, 12, 15 | Fs, Qr | NT |
| 89 | Pertusaria leioplaca DC. | 1 | Cb | NT |
| 90 | Pertusaria pupillaris (Nyl.) Th. Fr. | 8 | Cb, Qr | NT |
| 91 | Phaeophyscia endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg | 3, 16 | Fs | EN |
| 92 | Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg | 16 | Fs | |
| 93 | Phlyctis argena (Ach.) Flot. | 1–10, 12–16 | Ap, Ca, Cb, Fe, Fs, Qr, Tc, Ug | |
| 94 | Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier | 7 | Fs | |
| 95 | Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. | 8 | Qr | |
| 96 | Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. | 1, 5–9, 16 | Ap, Fs | |
| 97 | Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt | 7, 10 | Ap, Cb, Fs, Qr | |
| 98 | Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg | 2, 5, 8–10, 13 | Bp, Fs, wd | |
| 99 | Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James | 1–3, 8, 12 | Bp, Fs, wd | |
| 100 | Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. | 1, 3, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16 | Bp, Fs, Qr, wd | |
| 101 | Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. | 1, 4–6, 8, 13–16 | Cb, Fs, Qr, Tc, Ug | |
| 102 | Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf | 3, 8 | Bp, Fs, Qr | |
| 103 | Psoroglaena dictyospora (Orange) H. Harada | 2 | Qr | |
| 104 | Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. | 9 | Fs | VU |
| 105 | Pyrenula nitidella (Flörke) Müll. Arg. | M | Fs | EN |
| 106 | Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. | 1, 5, 8, 11, 12, 15 | Bp, Fs, Qr | VU |
| 107 | Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. | 1, 10 | Qr | VU |
| 108 | Rinodina degeliana Coppins | 1, 8–10, 12, 13 | Ca, Cb, Fs, Qr | |
| 109 | Rinodina efflorescens Malme | 1, 2, 6–8, 12 | Cb, Fs | |
| 110 | Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg | 1–12, 14–16 | Bp, Cb, Fs, Qr | |
| 111 | Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James | 2, 8 | Bp, wd | |
| 112 | Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch | 1 | wd | |
| 113 | Usnea dasopoda (Ach.) Röhl. | 3 | Bp, Fs | VU |
| 114 | Usnea subfloridana Stirt. | 1 | Ps | EN |
| 115 | Violella fucata (Stirt.) T. Sprib. | 2, 3, 8, 11, 16 | Bp, Fs, Tc | |
| 116 | Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. | 8 | Bp, Fs, Qr | |
| 117 | Xylospora caradocensis (Nyl.) Bendiksby & Timdal | 13 | Ps | |
| 118 | Zwackhia viridis (Ach.) Poetsch & Schied. | 1, 5, 6, 8–11, 13–16 | Cb, Fs, Qr, Tc | VU |
Abbreviations: Ap – Acer platanoides, Bp – Betula pendula, Ca – Corylus avellana, Cb – Carpinus betulus, Fe – Fraxinus excelsior, Fs – Fagus sylvatica, Pa – Picea abies, Ps – Pinus sylvestris, Qr – Quercus robur, Tc – Tilia cordata, Ug – Ulmus glabra, wd – wood;
* non-lichenized saprobic fungus; CR, EN, VU, LC, NT – red list categories according to Cieśliński et al. (2006); lichens – indicators of lowland old-growth forest in Poland (acc. to Czyżewska & Cieśliński 2003) are given in gray.
Figure 3.
Number of lichen species recorded on specific substrates
Figure 4.
Number of lichen species included in the Polish national Red List recorded on specific substrates
Figure 5.
Number of lichen species classified as indicators of old-growth forest in Poland recorded on specific substrates
Table 2.
The number of lichens – indicators of lowland old-growth forest recorded in selected national parks (NP) and nature reserves (NR) in Poland