The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)

The share of functional groups of fungi in the communities of fungi in different variants of the experiment. Natural regeneration – 1G, 2G, 5G, under old-stands canopy – 3G, 4G, 6G

Functional groups	Variants of experiments
Functional groups	1G	2G	5G	4G	3G	6G
Pathogens	7.63	6.90	10.93	5.37	8.89	6.56
Mycorrhizal fungi	11.34	19.40	19.33	14.99	6.39	24.18
Saprotrophs	14.11	12.73	18.82	9.10	13.62	13.47
Others	66.93	60.97	50.92	70.54	71.11	55.79
Share of Ascomycota of mycorrhizal fungi [%]	9.97	11.20	8.45	23.23	14.68	26.61
Share of Basidiomycota of mycorrhizal fungi [%]	85.77	86.47	87.94	71.07	77.51	71.59
Share of Glomeromycota of mycorrhizal fungi [%]	4.26	2.33	3.61	5.69	7.81	1.80

Kościan 238/1 – stem distribution map. In the diagram, the star (No. I and II) indicates examples of sample collection sites

Table 2.

Frequency of taxa in the fungal community of the rhizosphere of the western red cedar, the share of which in the community exceeded 0.1%. Natural regeneration – 1G, 2G, 5G, under old stands canopy – 3G, 4G, 6G. Taxa, the share of which in the genus was dominant are given in bold. M – mycorrhizal fungus. A – antagonist forest tree pathogens. e.g. Heterobasidion or Armillaria. S – saprotroph, Y – yeast, P – pathogen, U – unknown

Taxa	Trophic group	Order	Samples
Taxa	Trophic group	Order	1G	2G	3G	4G	5G	6G
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Archaeorhizomyces borealis Menkis. T.Y. James & Rosling	M	Archaeorhizomycetales	0.38	0.69	0.21	0.28	0.14	5.08
Arthroderma multifidum C.O. Dawson	S	Onygenales	0.72	0.14	0.19	0.09	0.10	0.04
Aspergillus inflatus (Stolk & Malla) Samson. Frisvad. Varga. Visagie & Houbraken	A	Eurotiales	0.98	1.40	1.98	0.79	0.50	1.67
Cadophora sp.	P	Helotiales	0.72	1.17	2.43	0.90	0.56	0.01
Cenococcum geophilum Fr.	M	Hysteriales	0.37	0.99	0.68	2.81	0.78	0.01
Ilyonectria destructans (Zinssm.) Rossman. L. Lombard & Crous	P	Hypocreales	0.75	1.01	1.38	0.63	1.37	0.47
Infundibulomyces cupulatus Plaingam. Somrith. & E.B.G. Jones	S	Incertae sedis	0.07	0.24	0.52	0.15	0.09	0.00
Leptodontidium sp.	S	Helotiales	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.56
Penicillium citreonigrum Dierckx	A	Eurotiales	0.78	1.37	0.40	0.89	0.41	0.00
Penicillium daleae K.W. Zaleski	A	Eurotiales	0.94	0.57	1.02	0.34	0.60	0.35
Penicillium nodositatum Valla	A	Eurotiales	0.09	0.26	0.69	0.06	0.11	0.01
Penicillium sp.	A	Eurotiales	0.52	0.55	0.45	0.43	0.58	0.08
Periconia pseudodigitata Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.	S	Pleosporales	0.58	0.79	0.70	0.70	0.79	0.50
Phialocephala fortinii C.J.K. Wang & H.E. Wilcox	P	heliotiales	0.25	0.40	0.60	0.45	0.46	0.54
Pseudocamaropycnis pini Crous	S	Mytilinidiales	0.02	0.09	0.07	0.24	0.66	0.00
Pseudogymnoascus pannorum (Link) Minnis & D.L. Lindner	S	Incertae sedis	0.57	0.37	0.39	0.49	0.30	0.47
Pseudogymnoascus sp.	S	Incertae sedis	0.71	0.78	1.94	0.24	0.35	0.10
Trichocladium sp.	A	Sordariales	0.07	0.16	0.26	0.19	0.60	0.73
Frequency of Ascomycota			20.74	23.69	24.56	18.47	20.07	28.45
Aecidium sp.	P	Pucciniales	0.18	0.25	0.61	0.11	0.11	0.05
Ceriporiopsis mucida (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden	S	Polyporales	0.05	0.14	0.11	0.29	1.04	0.00
Derxomyces wuzhishanensis F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang	U	Tremellales	0.09	0.21	0.06	0.16	0.09	0.58
Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer	S	Agaricales	0.07	0.26	0.70	0.07	0.09	0.00
Ganoderma sp.	P/S	Polyporales	0.37	0.38	0.58	0.31	0.35	0.08
Geminibasidium hirsutum H.D.T. Nguyen. N.L. Nick. & Seifert	U	Geminibasidiales	0.17	0.17	0.12	0.17	0.47	0.94
Grammatus semis (Spirin & Malysheva) H.S. Yuan & Decock	S	Auriculariales	0.10	0.25	0.19	0.79	0.20	0.00
Hydnum repandum L.	M	Cantharellales	3.32	6.60	1.84	1.74	4.44	0.13
Hydnum vagabundum Swenie. Ovrebo & Matheny	M	Cantharellales	0.21	0.52	0.41	0.20	0.56	0.00
Minimedusa polyspora (Hotson) Weresub & P.M. LeClair	A	Cantharellales	1.30	0.28	0.09	0.29	0.17	0.00
Oxyporus schizoporoides Zmitr. & Spirin	P	Incertae sedis	0.03	0.07	0.07	0.18	0.05	1.45
Puccinia sp.	P	Pucciniales	0.28	0.69	1.33	0.35	0.85	1.35
Ramariopsis crocea (Pers.) Corner	S	Agaricales	0.05	0.18	0.16	0.29	0.94	0.40
Ramariopsis flavescens R.H. Petersen	S	Agaricales	0.37	1.30	3.42	0.30	0.45	0.45
Russula amoenolens Romagn.	M	Russulales	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.07	0.01	11.90
Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers.	M	Russulales	0.47	1.40	0.98	4.36	1.03	0.00
Russula nigricans Fr.	M	Russulales	0.15	0.41	0.31	1.40	0.33	0.00
Russula puellaris Fr.	M	Russulales	1.85	4.25	0.69	0.18	0.56	1.32
Russula turci Bres.	M	Russulales	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.17	0.73	0.00
Saitozyma podzolica (Babeva & Reshetova) Xin Zhan Liu. F.Y. Bai. M. Groenew. & Boekhout	Y	Tremellales	1.52	1.38	1.37	1.23	2.32	1.11
Solicoccozyma terrea (Di Menna) Yurkov	A	Filobasidiales	0.20	0.59	1.74	0.19	0.33	0.12
Solicoccozyma terricola (T.A. Pedersen) Yurkov	A	Filobasidiales	1.78	3.20	7.67	1.25	1.77	0.73
Trechispora invisitata (H.S. Jacks.) Liberta	S	Trechisporales	0.67	0.12	0.06	0.14	0.09	0.00
Tylospora asterophora (Bonord.) Donk	M	Atheliales	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.17	0.95	0.00
Frequency of Basidiomycota			19.89	29.66	29.07	25.21	25.14	24.89
Frequency of Chytridiomycota			0.46	0.40	0.67	0.37	0.50	0.46
Frequency of Glomeromycota			0.37	0.38	0.50	0.78	0.43	0.36
Frequency of Rozellomycota			0.02	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.00
Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam.	S	Basidiobolales	1.82	0.40	0.18	0.45	1.01	0.01
Mortierella epicladia W. Gams & Emden	A	Mortierellales	0.54	0.16	0.07	0.36	0.23	0.00
Mortierella gamsii Milko	A	Mortierellales	0.54	0.18	0.10	0.28	0.14	0.02
Mortierella humilis Linnem.	A	Mortierellales	2.61	1.77	1.50	1.52	2.18	0.54
Mortierella hyalina (Harz) W. Gams	A	Mortierellales	1.21	0.20	0.11	0.06	0.13	0.01
Mortierella longigemmata Linnem.	A	Mortierellales	2.05	0.29	0.11	0.08	0.19	0.03
Mortierella macrocystis W. Gams	A	Mortierellales	1.13	2.24	1.11	2.11	5.50	1.56
Mortierella sclerotiella Milko	A	Mortierellales	0.85	0.21	0.18	0.06	0.17	0.00
Mortierella sp.	A	Mortierellales	3.80	3.66	4.45	4.20	3.15	4.39
Schizangiella serpentis J. Dwyer. B. Burwell. Humber. C. Mcleod. M. Fleetwood & T. Johnson bis	P	Basidiobolales	0.75	0.19	0.12	0.15	0.28	0.13
Umbelopsis changbaiensis Y.N. Wang. X.Y. Liu & R.Y. Zheng	S	Mucorales	0.19	0.27	0.54	0.14	0.22	0.11
Umbelopsis dimorpha Mahoney & W. Gams	S	Mucorales	0.16	0.24	0.19	0.14	0.35	0.68
Umbelopsis isabellina (Oudem.) W. Gams	S	Mucorales	0.10	0.17	0.25	0.09	0.18	0.83
Frequency of Zygomycota			18.53	12.26	11.03	11.88	17.12	10.58
Frequency of Oomycota			0.61	0.35	0.45	0.34	0.35	0.07
Uncultured Fungi			16.64	18.60	17.31	29.41	15.39	17.45
No sequence in the UNITE database			15.33	9.97	10.77	8.96	15.64	11.61

Table 3.

Biodiversity of fungal communities determined based on the biodiversity indices in individual variants of the experiment. The lowest values are marked with light grey colour, and the highest with dark grey colour

Index	Samples
	natural regeneration			under old stands canopy
	1G	2G	5G	3G	4G	6G
D-Mg	221.862	227.483	259.862	199.153	215.932	77.592
Shannon’s diversity -H	4.723	4.445	4.711	4.364	4.550	0.667
Shannon’s evenness -E	0.603	0.565	0.589	0.566	0.584	0.096
Simpson	0.019	0.029	0.023	0.031	0.027	0.063
Berger-Parker Dominance	0.063	0.099	0.086	0.116	0.076	0.021

Table 4.

Western red cedar experimental plots – yield characteristics of the stands

Experimental plots	Area [ha]	Site	Age [years]	Site height [m]	N [trees/ha]	H100 [m]	D100 [cm]	HG [m]	DG [cm]	G [m²/ha]	VD [m³/ha]
238c/1	0.10	LMsw	110	24.4	310	27.3	50.9	26.5	42.1	43.24	414.9
238c/2	0.10	LMsw	110	25.0	440	27.8	55.4	27.1	44.3	67.69	654.9
217s/4	0.08	Lsw	106	26.4	612	31.6	55.7	29.0	39.0	73.32	778.2

1 Note: Site height – according to the growth model for Norway spruce (Wenk et al. 1984), M-System; N – number of stems per ha; H100 – top height; D100 – top diameter; HG – mean height; DG – mean diameter; G – basal area per ha; VD – volume of the wood of an over-bark diameter ≥7 cm (standing crop)

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677

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Language: English

Page range: 23 - 33

Submitted on: Oct 24, 2022

Accepted on: Jan 30, 2023

Published on: Mar 13, 2023

Published by: Forest Research Institute

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

alien species,

Illumina system,

mycorrhizal fungi,

the Kościan Forest District,

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© 2023 Marlena Baranowska, Natalia Kartawik, Stefan Panka, Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk, Przemysław Grześkowiak, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 65 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Figure 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

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