Figure 1.
Initial gallery (nuptial chamber)
Figure 2.
Female maturation period of Ips stebbingi
Figure 3.
A typical gallery pattern of Ips stebbingi excavated in Pinus wallichiana: maternal galleries (A), larval galleries (B)
Table 1.
Measurement of gallery length
| Variable | n | Mean (cm) | Standard deviation (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal gallery length | 30 | 10.76 | 3.30 |
| Larval gallery length | 30 | 3.83 | 0.63 |
Figure 4.
Relationship between the length of maternal galleries (cm) and eggs per gallery in Ips stebbingi
Figure 5.
Egg of Ips stebbingi
Table 2.
Egg deposition and measurement of developmental stages of Ips stebbingi
| Variable | n | Mean (mm) | Standard deviation (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eggs deposited | 30 | 23.16 (number) | 7.03 |
| Egg length | 30 | 0.72 | 0.03 |
| Egg width | 30 | 0.48 | 0.02 |
| Larval length | 30 | 3.00 | 0.13 |
| Larval width | 30 | 1.35 | 0.04 |
| Pupal length | 30 | 2.37 | 0.08 |
| Pupal width | 30 | 1.02 | 0.06 |
| Female length | 30 | 4.08 | 0.07 |
| Female width | 30 | 1.78 | 0.04 |
| Male length | 30 | 3.74 | 0.05 |
| Male width | 30 | 1.72 | 0.08 |
Table 3.
Developmental duration of Ips stebbingi
| Duration of generations (days) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | First generation | Second generation | Third generation |
| Egg | 9–15 | 8–14 | 8–18 |
| Larva | 35–45 | 30–38 | 30–40 |
| Pupa | 20–26 | 18–24 | 21–28 |
| Adult | 60–70 | 45–60 | 140–175 |
| Total | 124–156 | 101–136 | 199–261 |
Figure 6.
Larva of Ips stebbingi
Table 4.
Comparison of observed (mean) and expected values of head capsule widths (mm) of the larvae of Ips stebbingi
Figure 7.
Pupa of Ips stebbingi
Figure 8.
Adult of Ips stebbingi: habitus, in dorsal view (A); habitus, in lateral view (B); head, in frontal view (C); abdominal declivity (D)
Figure 9.
Seasonal distribution of Ips stebbingi on Pinus wallichiana in Kashmir (E – egg, L – larva, P – pupa, A – adult)