Comparative studies of the macro- and microstructures of stump-root wood and stemwood

Wood	Indicators for pine	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
SW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	1.30	1.10	1.45	0.019	9.23	1.44
	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	7.60	6.45	8.46	0.025	2.11	0.33
	percentage of late wood, %	23	25.00	21.23	27.84	0.211	4.04	0.84
SRW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	2.40	2.04	2.67	0.037	10.00	1.56
	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	4.10	3.48	4.57	0.042	6.59	1.03
	percentage of late wood, %	23	20.10	17.06	22.38	0.156	3.73	0.78
Wood	Indicators for spruce	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
SW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	1.90	1.67	2.13	0.067	22.63	3.53
	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	5.20	4.57	5.82	0.153	18.85	2.94
	percentage of late wood, %	23	30.40	26.72	34.02	0.540	8.52	1.78
SRW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	3.30	2.90	3.69	0.044	8.48	1.33
	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	3.00	2.64	3.36	0.100	21.33	3.33
	percentage of late wood, %	23	22.10	19.43	24.73	0.976	21.18	4.42
Wood	Indicators for fir	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
SW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	1.60	1.38	1.78	0.023	9.38	1.46
	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	6.10	5.26	6.77	0.145	15.25	2.38
	percentage of late wood, %	23	18.90	16.31	20.97	0.882	22.38	4.67
SRW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	3.10	2.68	3.44	0.033	6.77	1.06
	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	3.20	2.76	3.55	0.117	23.44	3.66
	percentage of late wood, %	23	14.80	12.77	16.42	0.667	21.62	4.51
Wood	Indicators for aspen	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
SW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	2.80	2.40	3.11	0.039	8.93	1.39
SW	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	3.60	3.09	4.00	0.117	20.83	3.25
SRW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	3.80	3.26	4.23	0.137	23.16	3.62
SRW	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	2.60	2.23	2.89	0.061	15.00	2.34
Wood	Indicators for birch	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
SW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	2.00	1.68	2.23	0.050	16.00	2.50
SW	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	5.00	4.20	5.57	0.186	23.80	3.72
SRW	average width of annual rings, mm	41	4.10	3.45	4.57	0.075	11.71	1.83
SRW	number of annual rings in 1 cm, pcs	41	2.40	2.02	2.67	0.089	23.75	3.71

[i] SRW – stump-root wood; SW – stemwood; N – sample volume; M_aver – average arithmetic value; M_min – minimum value; M_max – maximum value; V – coefficient of variation; P – coefficient of accuracy of the experiment.

Features of the microstructure of stump-root wood pine (*Pinus sylvestris* L.) (160×) and aspen (*Populus tremula* L.) (70×)

Table 2

Statistics of the size of the tracheid wood roots and trunk of conifers

Wood	Indicators for pine	Layer	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
Stem	radial direction, μm	early	20	36.00	29.80	40.23	0.682	8.47	1.89
	radial direction, μm	late	20	17.10	14.16	19.11	0.823	21.52	4.81
	tangential direction, μm	early	20	27.40	22.68	30.62	1.199	19.56	4.37
	tangential direction, μm	late	20	28.10	23.26	31.40	1.319	21.00	4.69
	wall thickness, μm	early	20	2.10	1.74	2.35	0.054	11.43	2.56
	wall thickness, μm	late	20	4.40	3.64	4.92	0.101	10.23	2.29
Root	radial direction, μm	early	20	47.80	39.57	53.42	1.811	16.95	3.79
	radial direction, μm	late	20	19.40	16.06	21.68	0.962	22.16	4.96
	tangential direction, μm	early	20	29.60	24.51	33.08	0.917	13.85	3.10
	tangential direction, μm	late	20	32.40	26.82	36.21	1.610	22.22	4.97
	wall thickness, μm	early	20	1.60	1.32	1.79	0.034	9.38	2.10
	wall thickness, μm	late	20	3.80	3.15	4.25	0.087	10.26	2.29
Wood	Indicators for spruce	Layer	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
Stem	radial direction, μm	early	20	33.20	27.74	37.04	0.521	7.02	1.57
	radial direction, μm	late	20	20.20	16.88	22.54	0.557	12.33	2.76
	tangential direction, μm	early	20	24.80	20.72	27.67	0.881	15.89	3.55
	tangential direction, μm	late	20	29.90	24.99	33.36	0.973	14.55	3.25
	wall thickness, μm	early	20	3.10	2.59	3.46	0.080	11.61	2.60
	wall thickness, μm	late	20	5.00	4.18	5.58	0.206	18.40	4.11
Root	radial direction, μm	early	20	39.40	32.92	43.96	1.851	21.02	4.70
	radial direction, μm	late	20	16.60	13.87	18.52	0.796	21.45	4.80
	tangential direction, μm	early	20	25.10	20.97	28.01	1.219	21.71	4.86
	tangential direction, μm	late	20	28.70	23.98	32.02	1.292	20.14	4.50
	wall thickness, μm	early	20	2.50	2.09	2.79	0.038	6.80	1.52
	wall thickness, μm	late	20	3.80	3.18	4.24	0.186	21.84	4.88
Wood	Indicators for fir	Layer	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
Stem	radial direction, μm	early	20	35.50	30.25	39.75	1.737	21.89	4.89
	radial direction, μm	late	20	16.30	13.89	18.25	0.749	20.55	4.60
	tangential direction, μm	early	20	31.50	26.84	35.28	1.677	23.81	5.32
	tangential direction, μm	late	20	26.30	22.41	29.45	1.006	17.11	3.83
	wall thickness, μm	early	20	1.80	1.53	2.02	0.040	10.00	2.24
	wall thickness, μm	late	20	4.10	3.49	4.59	0.116	12.68	2.84
Root	radial direction, μm	early	20	43.50	37.07	48.71	2.102	21.61	4.83
	radial direction, μm	late	20	17.60	15.00	19.71	0.868	22.05	4.93
	tangential direction, μm	early	20	36.20	30.85	40.54	1.793	22.15	4.95
	tangential direction, μm	late	20	24.90	21.22	27.88	1.219	21.89	4.89
	wall thickness, μm	early	20	1.30	1.11	1.46	0.060	20.77	4.64
	wall thickness, μm	late	20	3.60	3.07	4.03	0.078	9.72	2.17

Table 3

Statistics of the diameters of vessels and libriform fibres in the stump-root wood and stem wood of deciduous species

Wood	Indicators for aspen	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
Stem	vessels, μm	20	98.00	84.48	108.83	0.461	2.10	0.47
Stem	fibre libriform, μm	20	22.40	19.31	24.88	0.241	4.82	1.08
Root	vessels, μm	20	118.00	101.72	131.04	0.528	2.00	0.45
Root	fibre libriform, μm	20	25.30	21.81	28.10	0.192	3.40	0.76
Wood	Indicators for birch	N, pcs	M_aver	M_min	M_max	±	V, %	P, %
Stem	vessels, μm	20	87.00	72.14	96.79	0.691	3.55	0.79
Stem	fibre libriform, μm	20	20.10	16.67	22.36	0.224	4.98	1.11
Root	vessels, μm	20	105.00	87.07	116.81	0.532	2.27	0.51
Root	fibre libriform, μm	20	23.80	19.73	26.48	0.125	2.35	0.53

Peeled stumps of pine (*Pinus sylvestris* L.)

Forms of tracheids on the cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of fir (*Abies alba*) (140×)

Forms of tracheids in the cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of pine (*Pinus sylvestris* L.) (420×)

Cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of aspen (*Populus tremula* L.) (140×)

Cross section of stump-root wood (A) and stemwood (B) of birch (*Betula pendula* Roth.) (280×)

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 131 - 142

Submitted on: Apr 28, 2022

Accepted on: May 6, 2022

Published on: Sep 22, 2022

Published by: Forest Research Institute

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

macro- and microstructures,

Pinus sylvestris L.,

Picea abies Karst.,

Abies alba,

Betula pendula Roth.,

Populus tremula L.

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Plant science

© 2022 Serhiy Gayda, Orest Kiyko, Mykola Guz, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 64 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)

Comparative studies of the macro- and microstructures of stump-root wood and stemwood

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Figure 1

Table 2

Table 3

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Paradigm

My account