The proposal of a new provisional border of range of the acidophilous oak forest Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959 in central Poland

Zaniewski, Piotr T.; Wojciech, Ciurzycki; Ewa, Zaniewska

The proposal of a new provisional border of range of the acidophilous oak forest Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959 in central Poland

Folia Forestalia Polonica

Volume 63 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)

By:

Piotr T. Zaniewski, Ciurzycki Wojciech and Zaniewska Ewa

Open Access

|Sep 2021

Figures & Tables

Location of stands of Calamagrostio-Quercetum association (modified and expanded on the basis of Zaniewski et al. 2020) within central and central western Poland (Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Wielkopolska, Łódź and Mazowieckie viovodeships)1 – stands with published relevé documentation reviewed by Kasprowicz (2010); Zaniewski et al. (2020), 2 – stands from works by Cyzman (1991); Kępczyński and Cyzman (1991, 1992), classified in conducted analysis as Calamagrostio-Quercetum, 3 – new stands of Calamagrostio-Quercetum surveyed in this study, 4 – ATPOL grid (Zając 1978; Komsta 2016), 5 – rivers, 6 – borders of voivodeships, 7 – „provisional” association range – minor role in the landscape (Matuszkiewicz 1988; Matuszkiewicz and Matuszkiewicz 1996), 8 – main association range – moderate role in the landscape (Matuszkiewicz 1988; Matuszkiewicz and Matuszkiewicz 1996).

Stand characteristics and selected parameters of soils within researched patches of Calamagrostio-Quercetum

Successive number of relevé			1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23
Subassociation			polygonatetosum											typicum							molinietosum
Number of relevé			PZ20_050	PZ20_038	PZ20_055	PZ20_037	PZ20_064	PZ20_066	PZ20_060	PZ20_054	PZ20_032	PZ17_001	PZ20_033	PZ20_057	PZ20_056	PZ20_059	PZ20_061	PZ20_034	PZ18_005	PZ20_031	PZ20_036	PZ20_063	PZ20_067 PZ	20_062	PZ20_065
Information based on Forest														Data Bank (BDL 2019)
Forest District / National Park			Skierniewice	Smardze- wice	Grójec	Smardze- wice	Kampinos NP	Kampinos NP	Kampinos NP	Grójec	Piotrków	Chojnów	Piotrków	Chojnów	Grójec	Kampinos NP	Kampinos NP	Piotrków	Skiernie- wice	Piotrków	Piotrków	Kampinos NP	Kampinos NP	Kampinos NP	Kampinos NP
Forest range			Rylsk	Jaksonek	Wilczo- ruda	Jaksonek	Rózin	Rózin	Rózin	Wilczo- ruda	Felicja	Podkowa Leśna	Felicja	Podkowa Leśna	Wilczoruda	Rózin	Rózin	Felicja	Julianów	Felicja	Proszenie	Rózin	Rózin	Rózin	Rózin
Forest subcompartment			121h	144h	35i	151g	258b	258b	04a	35i	127a	02l	128c	372b	36d	04c	423d	138a	71c	125i	105b	03z	423n	423s	03t
Age of dominant tree species [year]			105	101	82	96	107	107	110	82	86	66	77	112	99	110	79	96	105	69	88	83	88	51	83
Oak site index			III	II	III	II	II	II	III	III	III	II	II	II	II	III	II	II	II	I	II	–	I	–	–
Forest site type			LMŚW	LMŚW	LMŚW	LMŚW	LMŚW	LMŚW	BMŚW	LMŚW	LMŚW	LŚW	LMŚW	BMŚW	LMŚW	BMŚW	BMŚW	LMŚW	LMŚW	LMŚW	LŚW	BŚW	BMW	BMŚW	BMŚW
Soil subtype			BRw	RDbr	RDw	RDbr	RDbr	RDbr	–	RDw	RDbr	–	RDbr	RDw	RDw	–	RDbr	RDbr	RDw	RDw	Pw	–	Bgw	RDb	–
Results of laboratory analyses (samples														collected at a depth of 0–20 cm)
pH H20 (10:25)			4.25	4.51	4.42	4.49	4.54	4.56	4.39	4.14	4.46	4.50	4.33	4.38	4.66	4.03	4.40	4.04	4.43	3.94	4.57	4.21	4.06	4.04	3.74
Organic matter content [%]			2.5	1.9	3.4	3.8	1.9	2.4	1.4	4.6	2.4	4.3	2.6	3.7	2.6	3.3	1.8	2.7	3.5	2.8	2.4	4.1	5.1	5.1	6.5
Organic C content [%] (as 58% org.)^*			1.5	1.1	2.0	2.2	1.1	1.4	0.8	2.6	1.4	2.5	1.5	2.1	1.5	1.9	1.0	1.6	2.1	1.6	1.4	2.4	3.0	3.0	3.8
Fraction diameter mm [%]	skeletal	> 20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
		5–20	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
		2–5	0.6	0.3	1.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	1.3	0.8	0.7	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.3	0.8	1.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
	fine earth	1–2	2.5	0.8	2.1	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.2	1.3	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.8	1.6	0.5	0.2	2.0	1.6	1.7	3.0	0.6	0.9	1.3	1.3
		0,5–1	17.0	13.7	11.0	10.9	1.5	3.3	1.3	9.9	11.8	10.3	12.4	11.8	11.4	2.5	2.2	15.2	7.9	13.0	17.1	2.3	4.3	5.1	6.7
		0,25–0,5	47.2	50.5	40.6	41.3	25.0	27.5	28.2	36.7	42.1	24.8	46.9	32.4	42.7	26.7	25.0	45.9	25.9	46.0	32.6	23.2	25.2	26.9	26.1
		0.1–0.25	27.1	28.3	28.7	24.5	60.9	57.0	62.8	29.9	32.7	36.0	28.2	39.7	33.6	55.2	60.3	28.1	24.3	29.2	28.5	52.4	42.4	44.4	42.2
		< 0.1	5.6	6.4	15.6	22.6	12.2	11.7	7.5	21.6	9.9	26.1	10.1	14.3	10.3	15.2	12.3	7.9	40.0	9.1	17.2	21.5	27.1	22.4	23.7

Numerical relevé classification of 15 datasets (A, B – Calamagrostio-Quercetum, C – Querco-Pinetum), N – number of relevés, % – share of relevés from a specific dataset, C-Q – Calamagrostio-Quercetum, Q-P – Querco-Pinetum

No	Name of the dataset	Author of the dataset	A (n = 233)		B (n = 131)		C (n = 183)		A-C
No	Name of the dataset	Author of the dataset	N	%	N	%	N	%	N
1	C-Q molinietosum (Wielkopolska)	Kasprowicz (2010)	8	14	38	68	10	18	56
2	C-Q typicum var. typicum (Wielkopolska)	Kasprowicz (2010)	25	69	7	19	4	11	36
3	C-(Wielkopolska) Q typicum var. Anemone nemorosa	Kasprowicz (2010)	14	33	24	56	5	12	43
4	C-Q polygonatetosum var. typicum (Wielkopolska)	Kasprowicz (2010)	72	92	3	4	3	4	78
5	C-(Wielkopolska) Q polygonatetosum var. Anemone nemorosa	Kasprowicz (2010)	54	59	30	33	7	8	91
6	Q-P typicum (S Mazowsze)	Zaręba (1971)	6	26	0	0	17	74	23
7	Q-P berberidetosum (S Mazowsze)	Zaręba (1971)	1	7	0	0	13	93	14
8	Q-P populetosum var. typicum (S Mazowsze)	Zaręba (1971)	0	0	1	11	8	89	9
9	Q-P populetosum var. Abies alba (S Mazowsze)	Zaręba (1971)	0	0	0	0	13	100	13
10	Q-N P Lubelszczyzna) serratuletosum (E Mazowsze / S Podlasie /	Sokołowski (1963)	4	8	2	4	43	88	49
11	Q-Lubelszczyzna) P typicum (E Mazowsze / S Podlasie / N	Sokołowski (1963, 1976)	0	0	6	27	16	73	22
12	Q-Lubelszczyzna) P populetosum (E Mazowsze / S Podlasie / N	Sokołowski (1963, 1976)	4	8	4	8	41	84	49
13	Q-P (SE Kujawy / NW Mazowsze)	Cyzman and Cyzman (1991(1991); Kępczyński , 1992)	10	36	15	54	3	11	28
14	C-Q (S Mazowsze)	Koba Zaniewski (2012et , 2013al. (2020); )	13	100	0	0	0	0	13
15	C-Q (central Poland)	this study	22	96	1	4	0	0	23
	Total		233		131		183		547

Average % cover (Barkman’s TCV) and fidelity (upper index – Phi coefficient given if Fisher’s test p<0_05) of species for the distinguished groups of relevés A-C (only species with higher covers within at least one group and statistically significant Phi coefficient were presented)

Name of the species	A (n = 233)	B (n = 131)	C (n = 183)
Trees and shrubs with cover > 2%
Quercus petrea A1, A	59.33^63.8	3.63	2.92
Quercus petrea C	2.94^3.9	0.25	0.31
Quercus x rosacea A1, A	2.94^11.8	0.23	0.31
Quercus petrea B, BC	2.03^3.9	0.10	2.03
Quercus robur A1, A	1.83	54.20^50.7	15.09
Carpinus betulus A, A2	0.40	5.09^10.2	2.71
Quercus robur A2	0.22	2.42^5.3	1.90
Pinus sylvestris A1, A	5.11	2.68	39.68^46.2
Corylus avellana B, BC	2.11	1.69	8.24^15.2
Quercus robur B, BC	0.18	1.25	3.84^11.2
Carpinus betulus B, BC	0.72	1.13	2.65^6.7
Betula pendula A1, A	0.72	1.63	3.04^6.6
Pinus sylvestris B	0.02	0.10	2.95^13.6
Populus tremula A1, A	0.07	0.16	2.31^11.3
Forest floor species with cover > 1%
Calamagrostis arundinacea	13.41^18.1	5.91	1.40
Convallaria majalis	9.21^15.7	3.40	1.13
Festuca ovina	5.53^5.3	3.62	3.02
Poa nemoralis	1.69^5.8	0.98	0.05
Holcus mollis	4.32	15.24^24.7	0.21
Agrostis capillaris	0.86	2.29^7.7	0.24
Polytrichastrum formosum	1.43	4.10^7.8	1.72
Anemone nemorosa	0.74	1.96^6.3	0.47
Carex pilulifera	0.85	1.65^5.9	0.14
Vaccinium myrtillus	16.57	13.33	55.61^42.5
Pleurozium schreberi	0.99	0.76	15.00^29.0
Hylocomnium splendens	0.01	0.08	3.36^14.7
Vaccinium vitis-ideaea	0.05	0.13	2.28^11.5
Molinia caerulea	0.25	0.46	1.97^8.1
Polytrichum commune	0.00	0.03	1.24^8.9
Sphagnum capillifolium	0.00	0.00	1.16^8.8
Dicranum polysetum	0.02	0.03	1.00^7.8

Vegetation characteristics of Calamagrostio-Quercetum patches surveyed in central Poland

Successive number of relevé	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23
Area of relevé [m²]	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400	400
Slope and exposition [°]	7°NW	2°W	2°W	2°N	3°S	2°NW	6°NE	3°W	4°NW	2°N	4°W	2°E	0°	1°S	0°	4°N	3°S	5°N	0°	2°SE	2°NE	2°SW	0°
Cover of upper tree layer A1 [%]	70	80	85	70	85	80	80	80	80	80	85	80	80	90	80	80	70	70	70	70	80	70	80
Cover of lower tree layer A2 [%]	0	0	0	0	3	5	15	2	0	5	1	2	3	15	20	2	0	10	1	20	15	20	5
Cover of tree layer in total a [%]	75	80	85	70	86	81	90	81	80	82	85	81	81	95	90	81	70	75	70	80	90	80	82
Cover of shrub layer B [%]	5	1	10	2	10	10	5	10	5	15	5	15	10	10	10	5	10	5	5	15	5	10	30
Cover of herb layer C [%]	40	70	40	45	40	45	50	60	80	80	70	75	60	40	45	85	75	90	85	90	95	90	70
Cover of moss layer D [%]	2	5	5	15	3	5	10	5	5	1	0.5	10	1	5	5	10	1	0.1	5	1	0.5	5	1
Subassociation of Ca-Q	polygonatetosum											typicum							molinietosum
Ch Ass, D Ass* Calamagrostio arundinaceae- Quercetum (Kasprowicz 2010)
Quercus petraea A1*	4b	5a	4b	4b	4b	4b	4a	4b	5a	3b	5a	4a	5a	4a	3b	5a	4b	4b	3b	4b	4b	3b	2a
Quercus petraea A2*					1	1	2a	1		1		1	1	2a	2b	1		2a		2b	2a	2b
Quercus petraea B*	r	r	1	+	r	+		1	+	+	1	r	1	1	+	+	2a	1		+	+	+
Quercus petraea C*	1	2b	+	2a	r	1		1	1		1	+	+	1	+	2a	2b	1	+	1	1	r
Calamagrostis arundinacea*	r	r	r					+	r	1
Hieracium lachenalii	r	1	1	1	1	2a	1	+	+	r		r	+	+	+	r
Festuca ovina*	2a	2a	1	2a	2b	2a	2a	1	1	+	1	2b	+	2a	2a	+			+	1	+	+	+
Ch C1, D C1* Quercetea robori-petraeae (Kasprowicz 2010), Ch/D C1.** (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Carex pilulifera	2a	1	2a	1		1		1	1		1	2a	1	r		r	+		2a	+	+		+
Holcus mollis			+				r		r				+						+		1
Dicranella heteromalla D	rr		r	rr		rr	rr	+		rr				rr		rr	rr	rr		rr
Melampyrum pratense*	r	1	2a	1	2a	+	+	2a	2a	1	2a	2a	1	1	1	2a	r	rr		2a		+	r
Pteridium aquilinum*				1		1	+		2a	1	1		2b		1	1		2a			2a	2b	1
Polytrichastrum formosum D*			+	1		+		r	1		r	r		1	r	1	r		1
Hypnum cupressiforme D**	r	r	+	rr	rr	r	r	1		rr	rr	+	+	r	r	rr	r	rr	r			r	rr
D Ca-Q molinietosum (Kasprowicz 2010)
Quercus robur A1						2a	2b			2b		2b		2a	2b				2b	1	2a		3b
Quercus robur A2							1			1				1					+		1
Quercus robur B			+					+		+				r						r		+
Quercus robur C						rr							rr	r	rr				+	r		r
Betula pubescens A1																							2a
Betula pubescens C																						rr
Picea abies A2											+
Picea abies B				r					+							r		+	1
Picea abies C				rr				r
Frangula alnus B	+	r	+	+	2a	2a	+	+	1	r	r	1	+	+	1	+	r	1	1	2a	1	2a	2b
Frangula alnus C	+		r	r	r	+		+		rr	r	+	r	r		r	rr	r	1	+	1	+	+
Molinia caerulea								r												3a	2a	r	3a
Carex nigra																							rr
Carex ovalis																	rr		r
Lysimachia vulgaris																			r
Juncus effusus																			+				r
Trientalis europaea		1		1					r	r		2a				r			1
Carex pallescens			+	r	r												r		1
Potentilla erecta																			r
Hylocomium splendens D		r		r	r											rr
D Ca-Q polygonatetosum odorati (Kasprowicz 2010), Ch/D Cl.*(Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Hieracium murorun*	r	2a	1	2a		rr		+		r
Convallaria majalis	1	r	1		1		r	1	2b	2b	1			r				r
Polygonatum odoratum	r		+		rr	+	+	r	r	r	+							rr
Moehringia trinervia			r		r		rr						r		r				r			r
Veronica officinalis		r	1	r	r		+	r	r				r	r			r		r
Mycelis muralis Melica nutans		r			1	r						+				+
Galeopsis tetrahit			rr				rr					rr	r								rr
Ch Cl/O Vaccinio-PiceetealCladonio-Vaccinietalia (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Pinus sylvestris A1		1		1	+		1			1			1	2a	2a	1		+		+	1	2a	2a
Pinus sylvestris C	r		rr	rr	rr	rr	rr				r		rr		rr		rr		rr				rr
Vaccinium myrtillus	1	1	+	2a	r	2a	1	3b	3b	4a	4a	2a	2a	2b	2b	4b	4a	5a	3b	5a	5a	5a	3b
Vaccinium vitis-idaea									r	r	r					r				r	r	+
Pieurozium schreberi D	r	1	+	2a	+	1	1	r	r		rr	1		r	1	1				r		+
Dicranum scoparium D	r	r		r	r	r	r	rr	r		rr	+	rr		r	rr	rr				rr	r	r
Dicranum polysetum D							rr					r			r	r
ChCl/O Querco-Fagetea!Fagetaliasylvaticae(Matuszkiewicz2008)
Corylus avellana B										1
Corylus avellana C	r			r						r
Acer platanoides C					rr					rr
Anemone nemorosa		r	r	1													+		2a
Carex digitata									rr									rr
Millium effusum		r
Poa nemoraiis							rr			r			+	r			1		2a
Polygonatum multiflorum														+
Viola reichenbachiana		r																	r
Atrichum undulatum D			r					r		r			r										r
Ch All Carpinion betuli (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Carpinus betuhts A1
Carpi nus betulus A2										r
Carpinus betulus B										+					r		1				+
Carpinus betulus C				r	rr					rr					r		1				r
Cerasus avium C		r	r	rr								rr	r	r
Ch All Alno- Ulmion (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Padus avium B																	r
Festuca gigantea						r							r
Ch Cl/O Molinio-Arrhanatheretea/Arrhenatheretalia (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Agrostis gigantea													rr
Cerastrium holosteoides		r
Holcus lanatus					r									rr
Poa pratensis								r												r
Achillea millefolium					rr
Taraxacum sect, ruderalia												rr	r	rr
Ch Cl/O Nardo-Callunetea/Calluno-Ulicetalia (Matuszkiewicz 2008)
Danthonia decumbens			r
Hieracium pilosella		+		r	+	rr	r						+		r								rr
Luzula campestris		r	rr	r				r
Luzula multiflora			rr						r								r			r		rr
Lycopodium clavatum				r
Calluna vulgaris	+	+	+	+
Carex ericetorum	r		r				r						r	r	rr
Hieracium umbellatum				r	rr							r			rr
Other
Betula pendula A1					1	1	2a			2a	1	1		2a	2a							2a	1
Betula pendula A2							1
Betula pendula C																			r
Quercus x rosacea A1			2a		2a			2a	1	2a				1
Quercus x rosacea A2										+													1
Quercus x rosacea B																							1
Quercus x rosacea C					rr			+
Populus tremula A1																+						2a
Populus tremula B												+				r					r	+
Populus tremula C					r		r					+		r	r	r					r	r
Sorbus aucuparia A2											+
Sorbus aucuparia B					r					2a		2a							r	1	r
Sorbus aucuparia C		r	r	r	r	r	rr			+	r	+	r	r	r	rr	rr		r	+
Quercus rubra B	r												r
Quercus rubra C	r												r		rr
Juniperus communis B	1		1	r	r		r	1	r		r		+	r	1	1	r					r
Juniperus communis C	+		r	r		r		r	r			r		r	+	r	r					r
Abies alba C												r
Padus serotina B			+				1			r		+	1	1						r	r		r
Padus serotina C	r				r	r	+			r		r	r		r		rr					r
Robinia pseudoacacia B																						r
Robinia pseudoacacia C																					rr
Sarothamnus scoparius B													r
Sarothamnus scoparius C			r					r					+	rr
Cotoneaster sp. C															rr
Prunus domestica ssp. insititia C					rr	rr	rr					r			rr					rr
Pyrus pyraster C					r	rr						rr		rr	rr				r		r
Viburnum opulus C																				rr
Agrostis capillaris			r		rr						rr				rr					r
Agrostis vinealis							rr
Ajuga reptans									rr
Antoxanthum odoratum		+	+	1	r	r	r	r	r	r			+	1	r		r		+	r
Calamagrostis epigejos																	r		+
Campanula rotundifolia			+												r
Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis					r			rr							rr
Chamaenerion angustifolium																	rr
Conyza canadensis					rr
Cruciata glabra		+		+															r
Dryopteris carthusiana		rr		r								rr							1
Epipactis helleborine					r
Fallopia convolvulus							r
Fragaria vesca		r																	r
Genista germanica				r
Gypsophila fastigiata							rr
Hypericum perforatum		r	r	r			r					r	r	r					r
Impatiens parviflora												rr	+				rr				r
Leontodon autumnalis													r
Luzula pilosa	+	1	r	+	r	r	+	1	r	+	+	+	+	1	+	1	r		1	r	r		r
Maianthemum bifolium	2a	+		2a	+	2a	2b		+		r	1	r	1		2a		+	1
Orthilia secunda					rr										r
Oxalis acetosella		r
Peucedanum oreoselinum					1	r	r								r
Poa angustifolia		rr		rr	rr				r		r							rr
Poa compressa											rr
Polypodium vulgare							+
Rubus ideaeus																	r
Rubus hirtus agg		+		r															+
Rumex acetosella	r	+			r						rr		rr
Sedum maximum			r		+		rr
Solidago virgaurea			r		+	r	r					r	rr	rr
Urtica dioica													rr
Veronica chamaedrys		r		r									r						+
Viola riviniana													+		rr
Aulaconmium androgynum D								rr	r							rr
Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium D			r		r	r	r	r		rr	rr	+		rr	r				r	r	r	1
Brachytheciastrum velutinum D										rr			r
Brachythecium rutabulum D												r			rr								rr
Ceratodon purpureus D				rr											rr
Leucobryum glaucum D									rr		rr
Lophocolea heterophylla D			rr						rr
Plagionmium affine D	r	rr	+		+	rr	1	r	+		rr	+		r	+	1	rr	rr	r	r
Plagiothecium curvifolium D			r				rr	r		rr			rr				rr	rr			rr
Pohlia nutans D	r				rr	r		+	r				rr	rr		rr	rr						r
Polytrichum juniperinum D	r		r																				rr
Pseudoscleropodium purum D														rr		1						r
Cladonia coniocraea D	r		rr	rr		rr	rr	rr								rr							rr
Cladonia fimbriata D	rr							rr
Cladonia furcata D	rr

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677

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Language: English

Page range: 243 - 259

Submitted on: Feb 19, 2021

Accepted on: Jun 14, 2021

Published on: Sep 19, 2021

Published by: Forest Research Institute

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

Keywords:

forest association range border,

sessile oak,

Mazowsze,

Kujawy,

Łódź,

Related subjects:

© 2021 Piotr T. Zaniewski, Ciurzycki Wojciech, Zaniewska Ewa, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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The proposal of a new provisional border of range of the acidophilous oak forest Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae Hartm. 1934 Scam. et Pass. 1959 in central Poland

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Stand characteristics and selected parameters of soils within researched patches of Calamagrostio-Quercetum

Numerical relevé classification of 15 datasets (A, B – Calamagrostio-Quercetum, C – Querco-Pinetum), N – number of relevés, % – share of relevés from a specific dataset, C-Q – Calamagrostio-Quercetum, Q-P – Querco-Pinetum

Average % cover (Barkman’s TCV) and fidelity (upper index – Phi coefficient given if Fisher’s test p<0_05) of species for the distinguished groups of relevés A-C (only species with higher covers within at least one group and statistically significant Phi coefficient were presented)

Vegetation characteristics of Calamagrostio-Quercetum patches surveyed in central Poland

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