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European silver fir – an alternative for the dying Norway spruce in Białowieża Forest? Cover

European silver fir – an alternative for the dying Norway spruce in Białowieża Forest?

Open Access
|Jun 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

The scheme of the placement of groups and trees of silver fir (modification of the drawing by M. Skowroński).
The scheme of the placement of groups and trees of silver fir (modification of the drawing by M. Skowroński).

Figure 2

The number of living and dead trees by species.
The number of living and dead trees by species.

Figure 3

Location of Białowieża Forest and sample plot.
Location of Białowieża Forest and sample plot.

Figure 4

A –crown ranges and the location of individual tree trunks on the sample plot (top view); B– scanned group of trees (side view).
A –crown ranges and the location of individual tree trunks on the sample plot (top view); B– scanned group of trees (side view).

Figure 5

A – scheme of stem reconstruction (tree No. 5); B –crown shape reproduction (tree No. 1).
A – scheme of stem reconstruction (tree No. 5); B –crown shape reproduction (tree No. 1).

Figure 6

The distribution on the classes of the diameter of species growing together with silver fir.
The distribution on the classes of the diameter of species growing together with silver fir.

Figure 7

The share of living and dead trees by species.
The share of living and dead trees by species.

Figure 8

The tree-ring chronologies of silver fir and Norway spruce.
The tree-ring chronologies of silver fir and Norway spruce.

Figure 9

Dynamics of changes in diameter and height.
Dynamics of changes in diameter and height.

Statistical indicators of mother trees and their adult progeny

Indicatord (cm)h (m)V (m3)
Groups of trees*********
Average value41.9415.8327.6113.082.340.24
Minimum27.57.52340.840.02
Maximum62.527.533225.460.74
Dispersion111.4433.337.4340.451.770.06
Standard deviation10.565.772.736.361.330.24
The of variation coefficient (%)25.1836.459.8948.6256.84100

Parameters of mother trees and their adult progeny

Numbers and symbols of treesThe middle of the class of diameter [cm]The height [m]Form factor f1,3The basal area of the tree at a height of 1.3 [m2]The volume of the trunk [m3]
Mother trees
162.5330.540.3075.46
342.5280.550.1422.18
427.5260.580.0590.90
532.5260.580.0831.25
657.5290.550.2604.14
837.5270.560.1101.67
932.5230.590.0831.13
1157.5300.550.2604.28
1242.5280.550.1422.18
1337.5270.560.1101.67
1447.5260.580.1772.67
1532.5260.580.0831.25
1647.5310.550.1773.02
1832.5260.580.0831.25
1952.5330.540.2163.86
2042,5270.560.1422.14
A42.5270.560.1422.14
F27.5240.590.0590.84

Qualitative characteristics of mother trees

IndicatorAssessment
accepted in this classification, maximalthe investigated trees
positivenegative
Vitality152.08
Relative of the crown length141.83
Trend of growth152.61
Deformation of crown142.11
Quality of trunk141.89

TLS-based tree parameters

Tree No.Stem parametersCrown parameters
TLS_H [m]TLS_DBH [m]TLS_BA [m2]TLS_VOL [m3]TLS_CBH [m]TLS_CL [m]TLS_CA [m2]TLS_CVOL [m3]TLS_CS [%]
133.700.650.335.066.2427.4663.11154622.33
223.490.240.050.769.8913.6019.2327472.06
327.410.460.172.546.8620.5538.3083034.32
424.210.310.080.986.9917.2232.1951230.74
522.400.330.080.976.3716.0334.3245210.55
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0016 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677
Language: English
Page range: 150 - 166
Submitted on: Jan 2, 2021
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Accepted on: Feb 23, 2021
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Published on: Jun 8, 2021
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2021 Aleh Marozau, Miłosz Mielcarek, Grzegorz Krok, Rafał Paluch, Krzysztof Chiliński, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.