Have a personal or library account? Click to login

European Standards Regarding Paid Parental Leave in EU States in the Light of Examples of Good Practice for Ukraine

Open Access
|Oct 2025

References

  1. BEDNAROWICZ, B. The tale of transparent and predictable working conditions intertwined with work-life balance: Assessing the impact of the new social policy directives on decent working conditions and social protection. European Journal of Social Security. 2020. Volume 22. Issue 4. P. 421–433.
  2. BISTER, L., EIBICH P., RUTIGLIANO, R. Who is affected by parental leave reforms? Women’s selection into different parental leave lengths across recent policy reforms in Germany. Genus 80. 15 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-024-00221-4.
  3. BRAZIENĖ, R., VYŠNIAUSKIENĖ, S. Paid parental leave policies and parental leave choices in Lithuania. TILTAI. 2020, 2, pp. 28–45. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v85i2.2189
  4. CANAAN, S., LASSEN, A. S., ROSENBAUM, P., STEINGRIMSDOTTIR, H. Maternity Leave and Paternity Leave: Evidence on the Economic Impact of Legislative Changes in High Income Countries (2022). jstor.org/stable/resrep64235
  5. CARACCIOLO DI TORELLA, E. One more step along the way: the 2019 Work Life Balance Directive. Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale. 2020, p. 70–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rdctss.803
  6. CORTE-RODRÍGUEZ, M. The transposition of the Work-Life Balance Directive in EU Member States (II): Considerable work still to be done 2023. European Commission, 2024. 129 p. Doi:10.2838/186937.
  7. DOBROTIĆ, I., BLUM, S., KAUFMANN, G., KOSLOWSKI, A., MOSS, P. and VALENTOVA M. (eds.) (2024). International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2024, pp. 18–21. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/2frts http://www.leavenetwork.org/lp_and_r_reports/
  8. FRODERMANN, C., WROHLICH, K. and ZUCCO, A. Parental Leave Policy and Long-run Earnings of Mothers. Labour Economics. 2023, Volume 80, January, 102296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102296
  9. MOSS, P., DUVANDER, A.-Z., KOSLOWSKI, A. (eds.). Parental Leave and Beyond: Recent International Developments, Current Issues and Future Directions. Bristol University Press; 2019:353-370.
  10. PIRCHER, B., PORTE, C. de la, SZELEWA, D. Actors, costs and values: the implementation of the Work-Life Balance Directive. West European Politics. 2024. 47:3. (2024), pp. 543–568. DOI: 10.1080/01402382.2023.2181504.
  11. PORTE, C., LARSEN, T., SZELEWA, D., A gender Equalizing Welfare State? Enacting the EU’s Work-Life Balance Directive in Denmark and Poland (2020)- Directive analysis through examining the earmarking of paid parental leave. jstor.org/stable/26966279
  12. VETUHOVA, I. Legal regulation of child care leave under Ukrainian legislation: theoretical and practical issues. Law and Innovation. No. 2 (22) 2018, p. 13–22 [Pravove rehulyuvannya vidpustky po dohlyadu za dytynoyu za zakonodavstvom Ukrayiny: teoretychni ta praktychni pytannyapravo ta innovatsiyi № 2 (22) 2018].
  13. WIECZOREK-SZYMAŃSKA, A. Work engagement and work life balance across European Union countries. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology – Organization and Management Series. 2024, No. 195, p. 617–629.
  14. WITOSZKO, W. Transformation of parental rights as a result of the implementation of EU directives in Polish labour law and its impact on women’s labour force participation. Report on the International Conference „20 years of EU Membership. Labour Law and Social Security Law in Central and Eastern Europe.” 6.–7. 6.2024. Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Law.
  15. ZAPLETAL, R. Work-life Balance in the Light of the Directive (EU) 2019/1158 on the Example of Job-Sharing in accordance with the Czech Labour Code. The Lawyer Quarterly. 2021. Vol. 4, pp. 641–650.
  16. European Committee of Social Rights. Press Briefing Elements. Conclusions 2023. 20 March 2024. https://rm.coe.int/press-briefing-elements-conclusions-2023-eng-to-publish-2/1680aefdbb
  17. Analytical report following the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council, Commission Opinion on Ukraine’s application for membership of the European Union, Brussels, 01.02.2023 SWD (2023) 30 final.
  18. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Order “On the Approval of the Demographic Development Strategy of Ukraine for the Period until 2040” dated 30.09.2024. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/922-2024-%D1%80#Text
  19. Commission of the European Communities v Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (C-519/03): https://curia.europa.eu/juris/showPdf.jsf;jsessionid=3553E414B5706B701D88BF8EB9C022F0?text=&docid=66472&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3096259
  20. Council Directive 2010/18/EU of 8 March 2010 implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave concluded by BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC and repealing Directive 96/34/EC (Text with EEA relevance). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2010/18/oj/eng
  21. Council Directive 96/34/EC of 3 June 1996 on the framework agreement on parental leave concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0034:EN:HTML
  22. Directive (EU) 2019/1158 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing Council Directive 2010/18/ EU. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019L1158
  23. Draft Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Ukraine’s Law on state assistance to families with children” regarding the increase in the amount of child birth allowance, No. 5585, registered 28.05.2021. http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=72073
  24. European Committee of Social Rights, Conclusions March 2024. Cyprus. 38 p. https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/eng?i=2023/def/CYP/27/2/EN
  25. European Committee of Social Rights, Conclusions 2023. Spain. 24 March 2024. 73 p. https://rm.coe.int/conclusions-2023-spain-en-2787-1441-4345-1/1680aedd1d
  26. European Committee of Social Rights, Conclusions 2023. Ukraine. March, 2024. 45 p. https://rm.coe.int/conclusions-2023-ukraine-en-2771-3525-8889-1/1680aedd20
  27. European Committee of Social Rights, Finnish Society of Social Rights v. Finland, Complaint No. 88/2012, decision on the merits of 9 September 2014 https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/15603/1/Vetuhova_13-22.pdf
  28. European Committee of Social Rights. Conclusions 2023. March, 2024. Estonia. https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/eng?i=2023/def/EST/27/2/EN
  29. European Committee of Social Rights. Press Briefing Elements. Conclusions 2023. 20 March 2024. https://rm.coe.int/press-briefing-elements-conclusions-2023-eng-to-publish-2/1680aefdbb Rethinking Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement: Simplifying Complexity with Legal
  30. Kodeks pracy, Ustawa z dnia 26 czerwca 1974. Opracowano na podstawie: t. j. Dz. U. z 2023 r. poz. 1465, z 2024 r. poz. 878, 1222 [Labour Code. Act of 26 June 1974. Prepared on the basis of: consolidated text Journal of Laws of 2023, item 1465, of 2024, item 878, 1222]. Kancelaria Sejmu, 2024-11-15. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19740240141/U/D19740141Lj.pdf
  31. Labour Code of 26 June 1974 (Dz.U. 1974 Nr 24 poz. 141). Poland. https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=45181
  32. Labour Code of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Code was put into effect on June 1, 1972 by the Law of the Ukrainian SSR of December 10, 1971 No. 322-VIII. https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/Z710322
  33. Law of Ukraine “On Mandatory State Social Insurance”, № 1105-XIV, adopted 23 September 1999. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1105-14?lang=en#Text
  34. Law of Ukraine “On State Assistance to Families with Children”, № 2811-XII, adopted 21 November 1992. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/2811-12?lang=uk#Text
  35. Law of Ukraine “On Leaves” No. 504/96-ВР, adopted 15 November 1996 with amendments. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/504/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text
  36. Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Improvement of Certain Provisions of Social Policy”, № 120-VIII, 15.01.2015. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/120-19#n8
  37. Law on the Approval, Entry into Force and Implementation of the Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania. 14 September 2016 No. XII-2603 with amendments. https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/10c6bfd07bd511e6a0f68fd135e6f40c/asr
  38. Letter of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine on the Application of the Ukrainian Helsini Society regarding Procedure for Assigning and Paying Childbirth Benefits as of 22.05.2014. № 744/5/75-14 https://vk24.ua/regulations_and_jurisprudence/listi/vidpustki/list-minsocpolitiki-ukraini-vid-22052014-r-no-744575-14
  39. Malta didn’t provide the European Committee with any information on this regard. European Committee of Social Rights. Press Briefing Elements. Conclusions 2023. 20 March 2024. https://rm.coe.int/press-briefing-elements-conclusions-2023-eng-to-publish-2/1680aefdbb>; European Committee of Social Rights. Conclusion 2023. Malta. https://rm.coe.int/conclusions-2023-malta-en-2751-3778-7145-1/1680aedd13
  40. Ministerial meeting opening the Intergovernmental Conference on the Accession of Ukraine to the European Union (Luxembourg, 25 June 2024). Accession document. Brussels, 21 June 2024. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/hzmfw1ji/public-ad00009en24.pdf
  41. Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund, Gewerkschaft der Privatangestellten and Wirtschaftskammer Österreich (C-220/02). https://gendjus.it/sites/default/files/attachments/CJEU_C_220_02_EN.pdf
  42. Parental allowance in the Czech Republic. Public Administration Service. Governmental portal. https://portal.gov.cz/en/sluzby-vs/parental-allowance-S482
  43. Report Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions 2023 Communication on EU Enlargement policy. Ukraine 2023 Brussels, 08.11.2023
  44. Republic of Lithuania Law on Sickness and Maternity Social Insurance. 21 December 2000 No. IX-110. https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/
  45. Republic of Lithuania Law on Sickness and Maternity Social Insurance. 21 December 2000 No.
  46. Republic of Lithuania Law on Sickness and Maternity Social Insurance. 21 December 2000 No. IX-110. https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/
  47. The European Committee of Social Rights publishes its Conclusions on Children, Family and Migrants and its Findings for 2023. March, 20, 2024. www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter/-/european-committee-of-social-rights-publishes-its-conclusions-on-children-family-and-migrants-and-its-findings-for-2023
  48. Work-life balance: Commission decides to refer Belgium, Ireland and Spain to the Court of Justice of the European Union for failing to fully transpose the Work-Life Balance Directive https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_5372
  49. XI v Caisse pour l’avenir des enfants (C-129/20) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62020CJ0129
Language: English
Page range: 215 - 244
Published on: Oct 22, 2025
Published by: Palacký University Olomouc
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Alla Fedorova, Ondrej Hamuľák, Olena Sviatun, published by Palacký University Olomouc
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.