Jurisdictional Competition: Domestic Courts or Arbitral Tribunals? Lessons from the CJEU Judgments on EU’s Economic Agreements with Non-EU States
References
- BELL, A., KONTOROVICH, E. Challenging the EU’s Illegal Restrictions on Israeli Products in the World Trade Organization. Policy Paper No. 18, Kohelet. Oct. 2015 [online]. Available at: http://kohelet.org.il/uploads/file/KPF35_challenge%20EU_141015PublicElectronic%20november2015.pdf
- BOISSON DE CHAZOURNES, L., MCGARRY, B. What Role Can Constitutional Law Play in Investment Arbitration? Journal of World Investment & Trade. 2014, vol. 15, p. 862.
- CANNIZZARO, E. In Defence of Front Polisario: The ECJ as a Global Jus Cogens Maker‘. Common Market Law Review. 2018, vol. 55, pp. 569, 578–9.
- CARDWELL, P. J., WESSEL, R. A. EU External Relations and International Law: Divergence on Questions of „Territory“? In: FAHEY E. (ed.). Framing Convergence with the Global Legal Order: The EU and the World Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2020, p. 9.
- CHENG, B. General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals. London: Stevens & Sons, 1953, pp. 279–89, 357.
- CONTARTESE, C., ANDENAS, M. EU Autonomy and Investor-State Dispute Settlement under inter se Agreements between EU Member States: Achmea‘ CMLRev. 2019, pp. 157, 158.
- CONTARTESE, C. The Autonomy of the EU Legal Order in the ECJ’s External Relations Case Law: From the ,,Essential“ to the ,,Specific Characteristics“ of the Union and Back‘. CMLRev. 2017, p. 1627.
- CRAWFORD, J. Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law. OUP 2012, pp. 451–5.
- DASHWOOD, A. Article 26 ECT and intra-EU Disputes – the Case Against an Expansive Reading of Achmea‘. ELR. 2021, pp. 415, 423.
- DE WITTE, B. A Selfish Court? The Court of Justice and the Design of International Dispute Settlement Beyond the European Union. In: CREMONA, M. and THIES, A. (eds.). The European Court of Justice and External Relations Law: Constitutional Challenges. Hart Publishing, 2014, pp. 33–46, 46.
- DE WITTE, B. European Union Law: How Autonomous is its Legal Order? Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht. 2010, p. 141.
- DISTEFANO, G. La notion de titre juridique et les différends territoriaux dans l’ordre international. Revue Générale de Droit International Public. 1995, p. 335.
- ECKES, C. International Law as Law of the EU: The Role of the ECJ. In: ENZO CANNIZZARO, E., PALCHETTI, P., WESSEL, R. A. (eds.). International Law as Law of the European Union, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2011, pp. 353–377, CLEER Working Paper 2010/6. Available at: SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2096203
- FRANSEN, R., RYNGAERT, C.EU Extraterritorial Obligations with Respect to Trade with Occupied Territories: Reflections after the Case of Front Polisario before EU Courts‘ Europe and the World: A law review. 2018, vol. 2, pp. 7, 19–21 [online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ewlj.2018.07.
- FRID DE VRIES, R. Judicial Conduct and Investment Treaty Claims: Lessons from the Israeli Gas Cases and the Eli Lilly Award. Transnational Dispute Management-TDM. 2019, vol. 2.
- FRID DE VRIES, R. EU Judicial Review of Trade Agreements Involving Disputed Territories: Lessons From The Front Polisario Judgments, Colombia Journal of European Law. 2018, vol. 24, pp. 498, 522.
- FRID DE VRIES, R. Trade and Investment Dispute Settlement: The Relations between International and National Tribunals. Eliva Press SRL, 2020, p. 3.
- GOVAERE, I. Beware of the Trojan Horse: Dispute Settlement in (Mixed) Agreements and the Autonomy of the EU Legal Order. In: HILLION, C., KOUTRAKOS, P. (eds.). Mixed agreements revisited, the EU and its member states in the world. Hart Publishing, 2010, pp. 187, 203–204.
- GOVAERE, I. Interconnecting Legal Systems and the Autonomous EU Legal Order: A Balloon Dynamic. In: GOVAERE, I., GARBEN, S. (eds.). The Interface Between EU and International Law: Contemporary Reflections. Hart Publishing, 2019.
- HARPAZ, G. The Dispute over the Treatment of Products Exported to the European Union from the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip – The Limits of Power and the Limits of the Law. Journal of World Trade 2004, vol. 38, p. 1049.
- HARPAZ, G. The Front Polisario Verdict and the Gap between the EU’s Trade Treatment of Western Sahara and Its Treatment of the Occupied Palestinian Territories‘. Journal of World Trade. 2018, vol. 52, pp. 619, 639.
- HAUSWALDT, C. Problems under the EC- Israel Association Agreement: The Export of Goods Produced in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip under the EC-Israel Association Agreement. European Journal of International Law. 2003, vol. 14(3), p. 591.
- HELFER, L. R. The Effectiveness of International Adjudicators, Chapter 2. In: ROMANO C., ALTER, K., SHANY, Y. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication. OUP, 2014, pp. 464.
- HIRSH, M. Rules of Origin as Foreign Policy Instruments? Fordham International Law Journal. 2003, vol. 26, p. 572.
- HUMMELBRUNNER, S. What’s in a Name? The Psagot Judgment and Questions of Labelling of Settlement Products Contextualisation of Psagot in Light of Other CJEU Case Law on Occupied Territories, Insights Special Section. 2019, vol. 4, pp. 779, 788–9.
- JACKSON, J. J. The World Trading System, Law and Policy of International Economic Relations. MIT: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1997.
- JAREMBA, U., PISCITELLI, G., Investment tribunals vis-à-vis national courts: Lessons on judicial dialogue from the EU. In: BIONDI, A., SANGIUOLO, G. (eds.). The EU and the rule of law in international economic relations: an agenda for an enhanced dialogue. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, Chapter 4, pp. 69–88.
- JENNINGS, R. Y. The Judiciary, International and National, and the Development of International Law, ICLQ. 1996, vol. 45, pp. 1, 1–4.
- KANEVSKAIA, O. EU Labelling Practices for Products Imported from Disputed Territories‘ TILEC Discussion Paper. 2019, pp. 21–23 [online]. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2956308
- KANEVSKAIA, O. The Psagot Judgment and Questions of Labelling of Settlement Products Misinterpreting Mislabelling : The Psagot Ruling, Insights Special Section – What’s in a Name? 2019, vol. 4, pp. 763, 775.
- KASSOTI, E., ODERMATT, J. The Principle of Autonomy and International Investment Arbitration: Reflections on Opinion 1/17, QuestIntlL. 2020, p. 5.
- KASSOTI, E. The Council v. Front Polisario Case: The Court of Justice’s Selective Reliance on International Rules on Treaty Interpretation (Second Part), European Papers. 2017, vol. 2, pp. 23–42.
- KECK A., SCHROPP, S. Working Paper No. 2: Indisputably Essential: The Economics of Dispute Settlement Institutions in Trade Agreements, WTO, 2007 [online]. Available at: www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd200702_e.pdf
- KONTOROVITCH, E. Some state practice regarding trade with occupied territories: from the GATT to today. In: DUVAL, A., KASSOTI, E. (eds.). The Legality of Economic Activities in Occupied Territories International, EU Law and Business and Human Rights Perspectives. Routledge, 2020, pp. 65, 68.
- KOUTRAKOS, P. Editorial: But Seriously, What is the Principle of Autonomy Really About? ELR. 2018, pp. 293–294.
- LEVY, I. Intra-EU Game Changer or an Exception that Confirms the Rule? EFILA Blog, 20-7-2022 [online]. Available at: https://efilablog.org/2022/07/20/green-power-v-spain-intra-eu-game-changer-or-an-exception-that-confirms-the-rule/
- LIEBKIND, A., HOLST, A. Landmark Judgments Rendered by Swedish Courts in the Achmea Saga, EFILA Blog, 20 December 2022 [online]. Available at: Landmark Judgments Rendered by Swedish Courts in the Achmea Saga – EFILA Blog
- MARESCEAU, M. The Brita ruling of the European Court of Justice: a few comments, In GOVAERE, I., QUICK, R., BRONCKERS, M. Trade and Competition Law in the Eu and Beyond. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011, p. 283.
- MCLACHLAN, C, SHORE, L., WEINIGER, M. International Investment Arbitration Substantive Principles. OUP 2010, pp. 80–81, 89–98.
- MONT. T State Liability in Investment Treaty Arbitration – Global Constitutional and Administrative Law in the BIT Generation. Hart 2009, p. 293 et seq.
- MUNIN, N. Can Customs Rules Solve Difficulties Created by Public International Law?: Thoughts on the ECJ’s Judgment in the Brita Case (C-386/08). Global Trade and Customs Journal. 2011, vol. 6, p. 193.
- MUNIN, N. EU Measures Towards Israeli Activities in the Occupied Territories and the BDS: A Diplomatic Achievement or a Pyrrhic Victory? The Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. St. Thomas University, Florida, 2016, vol. 7(3), 19–38.
- MUNIN, N., SITBON, O. Between Normative Power and Soft Power: The Psagot case, Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies. 2021, Vol 13(1) pp. 25–27. MUNIN, N. The Evolution of Dispute Settlement Provisions in Israel’s PTAs: Is There a Global Lesson? Journal of World Trade. 2010, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 385–403, 386, 401.
- NOLLKAEMPER, A. Conversations among Courts: Domestic and International Adjudicators, Chapter 24. In: ROMANO C., ALTER, K., SHANY, Y. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication. OUP, 2014, pp. 523–49, 525.
- NOLLKAEMPER, A. National Courts and the International Rule of Law. OUP, 2011.
- NOLLKAEMPER, A., REINISCH, JANIK, R., SIMLINGER, F. (eds.). International Law in Domestic Courts – A Casebook. OUP, 2019.
- ODERMATT, J. The Court of Justice of the European Union: International or Domestic Court? Cambridge J. Int’l & Comp. L. 2014, vol. 3, pp. 696–99.
- ODERMATT, J. Council of the European Union v Front populaire pour la libération de la saguia-el-hamra et du rio deoro (Front Polisario) – Case C-104/16 P. American Journal of International Law. 2017, vol. 111(3), p. 738.
- ODERMATT, J. Is EU law international? Case C-741/19 Republic of Moldova v Komstroy LLC And the Autonomy of the EU legal order‘ European Papers. 2021, Vol. 6, No 3, pp. 1255–1268.
- PARDO S., ZEMER, L. The Image of European Union Law in Bilateral Relations. Vanderbilt Law Review. 2021, vol. 54, pp. 182–196 [online]. Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vjtl/vol54/iss1/4
- PAULSSON, J. Denial of Justice in International Law. Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 4.
- PURNHAGEN P., KAI, P., VAN ZEBEN, J., AHLBORN, C., OOSTERVEER, A. Beyond Food Safety – EU Food Information Standards as a Facilitator of Political Consumerism and International Law Enforcement Mechanism‘. Wageningen Working Papers. In: Law, 2020, p. 1 [online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339167245
- REICH, A. The Juridicization of International Trade Relations. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business. 1997, vol. 17, p. 775.
- REUTER, A. Taking Investors‘ Rights Seriously : The Achmea and CETA Rulings of the European Court of Justice Do Not Bar Intra-EU Investment Arbitration, EFILA Blog EU Investment Law and Arbitration. 2020 [online]. Available at: https://efilablog.org/2020/08/12/taking-investors-rights-seriously-the-achmea-and-ceta-rulings-of-the-european-court-of-justice-do-not-bar-intra-eu-investment-a
- ROSAS, A. International Responsibility of the EU and the European Court of Justice. In: M. EVANS, M., KOUTRAKOS, P. (eds.). The International Responsibility of the European Union, European and International Perspectives. Hart Publishing, 2013, pp. 139–159 at p. 159.
- ROSHER, P., FOUCHARD, C., THIEFFRY, V., ROBERT, E., ADANT, M., CALLOWAY, A. ,Moldova v. Komstroy (Case C- 741/19): Key Lessons and Takeaways, Reed Smith In-depth, 16 September 2021 [online]. Available at: reedsmith.com
- RYNGAERT, C. The Concept of Jurisdiction in International Law [online]. Available at: https://unijuris.sites.uu.nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2014/12/The-Concept-of-Jurisdiction-in-International-Law.pdf
- RYNGAERT, C. The Psagot Judgment and Questions of Labelling of Settlement Products Indications of Settlement Provenance and the Duty of Non-Recognition Under International Law. What’s in a Name? Insights Special Section. 2019, vol. 4, pp. 791, 793.
- SCHILL S. W. (ed.). International Investment Law and Comparative Public Law. OUP, 2010
- SCHILL, S. W. Editorial: The Constitutional Frontiers of International Economic Law, (2017) 18 The Journal of World Investment and Trade. 2017, vol. 18, p. 1.
- SHANY, Y. Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Chapter 36. In: ROMANO C., ALTER, K., SHANY, Y. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication. OUP, 2014, pp. 798-9.
- SHANY, Y. The Competing Jurisdictions of International Courts and Tribunals. OUP, 2003, p. 108.
- VAN ELSUWEGE, P. The principle of self-determination in relations between the EU and its neighbours: Between Realpolitik and respect for international law, Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht. 2018, p. 761.
- WUSCHKA, S. Investment tribunals adjudicating claims relating to occupied territories – curse or blessing? In: DUVAL, A., KASSOTI, E. (eds.). The Legality of Economic Activities in Occupied Territories International, EU Law and Business and Human Rights Perspectives. Routledge, 2020, p. 251.
- East Timor (Portugal v Australia) [1995] ICJ Rep 90.
- The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 (VCLT).
- The Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European
- Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the State of Israel, of the other part [2000] OJ L 147/3 (EU-Israel AA).
- Case C 872/19 P Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela v Council of the European Union, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber), 22 June 2021 (Venezuela).
- Opinion of AG Hogan Case C-872/19 P Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela v Council of the European Union, 20 January 2021 (AG Venezuela).
- Vattenfall et al. v. Germany, ICSID Case No. ARB/12/12, Decision on the Achmea issue, 17 August 2018.
- Case 181/73 Haegeman [1974] ECR 449 (Haegeman).
- Case C 321/97 Ulla-Brith Andersson and Susannne Wåkerås-Andersson v Svenska staten ECLI:EU:C:1999:307.
- Case C 300/01 Salzmann ECLI:EU:C:2003:283.
- Case C 284/16 Slowakische Republik v Achmea BV ECLI:EU:C:2018:158 (Achmea).
- The Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) (concluded 17 December 1994, entered into force 16 April 1998) 2080 UNTS 95 [online]. Available at: www.energycharter.org
- Case C-741/19 Republic of Moldova v Komstroy LLC ECLI:EU:C:2021:655 (Komstroy).
- Opinion of AG Szpunar in Case C 741/19 Republic of Moldova v Komstroy LLC ECLI:E U:C:2021:164 (Komstroy AG).
- Case C 109/20 Republic of Poland v PL Holdings Sàrl ECLI:EU:C:2021:875, 26 October 2021.
- Joined Cases C-317/04 and C- 318/04, European Parliament v Council, [2006] ECR I-4721
- Case C-344/04 IATA and ELFAA [2006] ECR I-403.
- Agreement establishing an association between the European Economic Community and Turkey of 23 December 1963, [1964] OJ L217.
- Euro-Mediterranean Interim Association Agreement on trade and cooperation between the European Community, of the one part, and the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) for the benefit of the Palestinian Authority of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip [1997] OJ L 187/3 (EU-PLO AA).
- Notice to importers – Imports from Israel into the Community, 23 Nov. 2001 (OJ 2001 C 328, 6) (Notice to importers 2001).
- Council of the EU, Council Conclusion on the Middle East Process, 3209 Foreign Affairs Council Meeting, 10 Dec. 2012, para 4 (Council Decision 2012).
- „Interpretative Notice on Indication of Origin of Goods from the Territories Occupied by Israel Since June 1967“, Brussels, 11 Oct. 2015 C(2015) 7834 final (2015 Interpretative Notice).
- Case C-386/08 Firma Brita GmbH v Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Hafen [2010] ECR I-01289 (Brita).
- Case C-363/18, Organisation juive européenne and Vignoble Psagot [GC], Court of Justice, judgment of 12 November 2019 (Psagot).
- Regulation (EU) 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers
- Regulation (EU) 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 October 2013 laying down the Union Customs Code.
- Case C-104/16 P, Council of the European Union v. Front Polisario, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber), of 21 December 2016, EU:C:2016:973.
- T 512/12, Front Polisario v Council, EU:T:2015:953, 10 December 2015.
- GC judgments of 29 September 2021: Case T-279/19, Case T-344/19, Case T-356/19
- Case C-399/22, Request for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d’État (France) lodged on 15 June 2022 – Confédération paysanne v Ministère de l’agriculture et de la souveraineté alimentaire, Ministère de l’économie, des finances et de la souveraineté industrielle et numérique [online]. Available at: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=F53DAECAE9E2315BDC1951C8C5B494D0?text=&docid=265811&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=4364
- Case 104/81 Kupferberg [1982] ECR 3641.
- Opinion of Advocate General Bot of 29 October 2009, Case C-386/08 Brita.
- Green Power Partners K/S & SCE Solar Don Benito APS v Spain (SCC 2016/135), para 478 (Green Power).
- The Swedish Supreme Court’s judgment in Poland v. PL Holdings (Case No. T 1569-19).
- The Svea Court of Appeal’s judgment in Spain v. Novenergia II (Case No. T 4658-18).
- 2020 International Arbitration Survey: Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) https://arbitration.qmul.ac.uk/research/2020-isds/
- European External Action Service Fact Sheet on indication of origin of goods from the territories occupied by Israel since June 1967, 4 [online]. Available at: https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/20151111_fact_sheet_indication_of_origin_final_en.pdf
- 2013/C205/05 Guidelines on the Eligibility of Israeli Entities in the Territories Occupied by Israel since June 1967 for Grants, Prizes and Financial Instruments Funded by the EU from 2014 Onwards, OJ C 205/5 of July 19, 2013 (2013 Guidelines).
- European Citizens’ initiative to the Commission regarding trade with DTs 8-9-21, Ensuring Common Commercial Policy conformity with EU Treaties and compliance with international law‘
- Restrictions applied by Ukraine on exports of certain wood products to the European Union Final Report of the Arbitration Panel established pursuant to Art 307 of the Association Agreement between Ukraine of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part, Lugano, 11 December 2020 https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2020/december/tradoc_159181.pdf
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eustu-2022-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2464-6695
Language: English
Page range: 15 - 61
Published on: Apr 2, 2023
Published by: Palacký University Olomouc
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year
Related subjects:
© 2023 Rachel Frid de Vries, published by Palacký University Olomouc
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.