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The Macro Lens: Exploring the Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on India’s Small Cap, Mid Cap, and Large Cap Indices Cover

The Macro Lens: Exploring the Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on India’s Small Cap, Mid Cap, and Large Cap Indices

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Abstract

Subject and Purpose of Work

This study explores the intricate relationship between key macroeconomic variables and India’s equity market segments, specifically the NIFTY Small-cap, Mid-cap, and Large-cap indices. The primary objective is to evaluate how selected macroeconomic factors influence market dynamics and investor sentiment in the Indian context.

Materials and Methods

The research analyses monthly data spanning five years, from January 2019 to January 2024. The macroeconomic indicators considered include Foreign Institutional Investment (FII), Domestic Institutional Investment (DII), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), Treasury Bill Rate, Gold Price, and Reverse Repo Rate. Statistical techniques such as the Unit Root Test, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and Granger Causality Test are employed to assess the short-term and long-term impacts of these variables on market indices.

Results

The findings reveal that GDP, CPI, PMI, and Gold Price exhibit no statistically significant influence on the NIFTY Small-cap, Mid-cap, or Large-cap indices, aligning with certain earlier studies. However, variables like FII, DII, Treasury Bill Rate, and Reverse Repo Rate show varying degrees of influence across the indices, highlighting the complex and segmented nature of the Indian equity market.

Conclusion

These insights are valuable for investors, policymakers, and financial analysts in refining investment strategies, informing policy frameworks, and enhancing market forecasting models. The study underscores the need for continuous evaluation of macroeconomic influences to better navigate market volatility and investor behaviour.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ers-2025-0027 | Journal eISSN: 2451-182X | Journal ISSN: 2083-3725
Language: English
Page range: 376 - 388
Submitted on: Jul 1, 2025
Accepted on: Jul 1, 2025
Published on: Dec 11, 2025
Published by: John Paul II University of Applied Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Sathish Pachiyappan, Dhruv Sardana, Unnati Joshi, Gautam Rajesh, Abel Thomas Pallickal, Aarthy Chellasamy, Aishwarya Nagarathinam, Selvakumar J Joshuva, published by John Paul II University of Applied Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.