References
- AfDB (African Development Bank). (2024). African Economic Outlook: Driving Africa’s Transformation.The Reform of the Global Financial Architecture. Abidjan: AfDB. https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/african-economic-outlook-2024
- Ajide, F. M. (2023). Global value chain and total factor productivity in Africa. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 14(1), 26-55. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2023.14.81
- Amachraa, A. (2023). Driving The Dream: Morocco’s rise in the global automotive industry. Policy Center for the New South, Policy Paper - 09/23. https://www.policycenter.ma/publications/driving-dream-moroccos-rise-global-automotive-industry
- Amachraa, A., & Quelin, B. (2022). Morocco emergence in global value chains: Four exemplary industries. Policy Center for the New South, Policy Paper - 07/22. https://www.policycenter.ma/publications/morocco-emergence-global-value-chains-four-exemplary-industries
- Amador, J. L., & Cabral, S. (2014). Global value chains: A survey of drivers and measures. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(2), 278-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12097
- Antràs, P. (2020). Conceptual aspects of global value chains. The World Bank Economic Review, 34(3), 551-574. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/33228
- Baldwin, R. (2006). Globalisation: the great unbundling (s). Economic Council of Finland, 5-47. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Globalisation%3A-the-great-unbundling(s)-Baldwin/ef39be7b39170b6155f9c44ee13a21a26b0d763d
- Baldwin, R. (2012). Global supply chains: why they emerged, why they matter, and where they are going”, CTEI Working Papers, No. 2012-13, Geneva, The Graduate Institute, Centre for Trade and Economic Integration. https://www.econbiz.de/Record/global-supply-chains-why-they-emerged-why-they-matter-and-where-they-are-going-baldwin-richard/10009786697
- Baldwin, R. (2018). The great convergence: Information technology and the new globalization. In The great convergence. Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674237841
- Baldwin, R., & Freeman, R. (2022). Risks and global supply chains: What we know and what we need to know. Annual Review of Economics, 14(1), 153-180. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-113737
- Barrientos, S., Knorringa, P., Evers, B., Visser, M., & Opondo, M. (2016). Shifting regional dynamics of global value chains: Implications for economic and social upgrading in African horticulture. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 48(7), 1266-1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X15614416
- Boffa, M.; Kumritz, V.; Santoni, G.; Taglioni, D.; Winkler, D. (2016). Overcoming the Middle-Income Trap: The Role of GVC Integration for Climbing-Up the Income Ladder. The University of Geneva: Geneva, Switzerland. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/24426
- Casella, B., Bolwijn, R., Moran, D., & Kanemoto, K. (2019). Improving the analysis of global value chains: the UNCTAD-Eora Database. Transnational Corporations, 26(3), 115-142. https://doi.org/10.18356/3aad0f6a-en
- De Backer, K. and S. Miroudot (2013). Mapping Global Value Chains. OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 159. https://doi.org/10.1787/18166873
- Del Prete, D., Giovannetti, G., & Marvasi, E. (2017). Global value chains participation and productivity gains for North African firms. Review of world Economics, 153(4), 675-701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-017-0292-2
- Delera, M., Pietrobelli, C., Calza, E., & Lavopa, A. (2022). Does value chain participation facilitate the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies in developing countries? World Development, 152, 105788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105788
- Dickey, D.A., & Fuller, W.A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
- Dovis, M., & Zaki, C. (2020). Global value chains and local business environments: A case study of North African countries. Economic Research Forum Working Paper No. 1439. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3733242
- El-Said, H., Al-Said, M., & Zaki, C. (2015). Trade and access to finance of SMEs: is there a nexus?. Applied Economics, 47(39), 4184-4199. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1026583
- Gereffi, G and Fernandez-Stark, K. (2016). Global Value Chain Analysis: A Primer. Second Edition. Durham, North Carolina, USA: Duke University Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness (Duke CGGC). https://www.academia.edu/44307797/GLOBAL_VALUE_CHAIN_ANALYSIS_A_PRIMER
- Gereffi, G., & Lee, J. (2012). Why the world suddenly cares about global supply chains. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2012.03271.x
- Hernández, R. A., Martínez-Piva, J. M., & Mulder, N. (2014). Global value chains and world trade. Prospects and challenges for Latin America, Santiago (Chile), United Nations Publication. https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/37041-global-value-chains-and-world-trade-prospects-and-challenges-latin-america
- Hollweg, C.H. (2020). Global value chains and employment in developing economies. World Bank Group, 63–81. https://www.wto-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789287049681c007
- Hopkins, T. K., & Wallerstein, I. (1977). Patterns of development of the modern world-system. Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 111-145. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40240765
- Humphrey, J., & Schmitz, H. (2002). How does insertion in global value chains affect upgrading in industrial clusters? Regional studies, 36(9), 1017-1027. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340022000022198
- Jaadi, L., & Msadfa, Y. (2017). The complexity of the rise of Global Value Chains: The case of the automotive and aeronautics industries in Morocco and Tunisia. Policy Center for the New South, Policy Brief PP-08/17. https://www.policycenter.ma/publications/la-complexit%C3%A9-de-laremont%C3%A9e-des-cha%C3%AEnes-de-valeur-mondiales-cas-des-industries?page=1
- Johnson, R. C. (2018). Measuring global value chains. Annual Review of Economics, 10(1), 207-236. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053600
- Jones, L., Demirkaya, M., & Bethmann, E. (2019). Global Value Chain Analysis: Concepts and Approaches. Journal of International Commerce and Economics.1,1-29. https://www.usitc.gov/staff_publications/jice/global_value_chain_analysis_concepts_and
- Jordan, S., & Philips, A.Q. (2018). Cointegration testing and dynamic simulations of autoregressive distributed lag models. The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata, 18, 902–923. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1801800409
- Koopman, R., Wang, Z., & Wei, S. J. (2014). Tracing value-added and double counting in gross exports. American Economic Review, 104(2), 459-494. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.2.459
- Kowalski, P. (2015). Participation of Developing Countries in Global Value Chains: Implications for Trade and Trade-Related Policies. OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 179. https://doi.org/10.1787/18166873
- Kummritz, V. (2015). Global value chains: Benefiting the domestic economy? (No. HEIDWP02-2015). Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Working Paper. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/122109
- Kummritz, V., Taglioni, D., & Winkler, D. (2017). Economic upgrading through global value chain participation: which policies increase the value-added gains? (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 8007). Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26348
- Los, B., Timmer, M. P., & De Vries, G. J. (2016). Tracing value-added and double counting in gross exports: Comment. American Economic Review, 106(7), 1958-1966. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140883
- Lotfi, I., & Lotfi, B. (2020). Global value chains and economic development: what impact on the Moroccan economy. Review of Economics and Finance, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.55365/1923.x2021.19.23
- Mao, Z. (2022). Global value chains (gvcs) and economic growth: a nonlinear analysis. The Singapore Economic Review, 67(03), 985-1004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590821450028
- Martínez‐Galán, E., & Fontoura, M. P. (2019). Global value chains and inward foreign direct investment in the 2000s. The World Economy, 42(1), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12660
- Mattoo, A., Wang, Z., & Wei, S. J. (2013). Measuring trade in value added when production is fragmented across countries: An overview. In: Trade in value added Developing New Measures of Cross-Border Trade, 25. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/196231468326398562/Trade-in-value-added-developing-new-measures-of-cross-border-trade
- McWilliam, S. E., Kim, J. K., Mudambi, R., & Nielsen, B. B. (2020). Global value chain governance: Intersections with international business. Journal of World Business, 55(4), 101067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101067
- Meng, B., Wang, Z., & Koopman, R. (2013). How are global value chains fragmented and extended in China’s domestic production networks? IDE Discussion Paper, 424. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Reports/Dp/424.html
- Mensah, A.N., & Fofana, A.F. (2018). Global value chains and upgrading in economic community of West African states countries. In: Building a resilient and sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 257–283). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76222-7_12
- Mouanda-Mouanda, G. (2019). Global value chains participation for African countries: An overview from UIBE GVC index system. Open Journal of Business and Management, 07, 941–962. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2019.72064
- OECD (2024). Trade in value added. OECD Statistics on Trade in Value Added (database). Papers, No. 159, OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/36ad4f20-en
- Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
- Phillips, P.C., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75, 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/75.2.335
- Piermartini, R., & Rubínová, S. (2014). Knowledge spillovers through international supply chains. The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies: Cambridge, UK. https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/290683/usage?v=pdf
- Raei, M. F., Ignatenko, A., & Mircheva, M. (2019). Global value chains: what are the benefits and why do countries participate? International Monetary Fund. Working Paper No. 2019/018. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2019/01/18/Global-Value-Chains-What-are-the-Benefits-and-Why-Do-Countries-Participate-46505
- Rodrik, D. (2018). New technologies, global value chains, and developing economies. National Bureau of Economic Research (No. w25164). https://doi.org/10.3386/w25164
- Stolzenburg, V., Taglioni, D., & Winkler, D. (2019). Economic upgrading through global value chain participation: which policies increase the value-added gains? In Handbook on global value chains (pp. 483-505). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26348
- Timmer, M. P., Erumban, A. A., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & De Vries, G. J. (2014). Slicing up global value chains. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.99
- World Bank (2017). Measuring and analyzing the impact of GVCs on economic development. Global. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/29593
- World Bank. (2020). World development report 2020: Trading for development in the age of global value chains. The World Bank. https://hdl.handSle.net/10986/32437