References
- Acemoglu, D. and Robinson, J.A. (2015). The rise and decline of general laws of capitalism. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(1), 3-28. https://doi.org/10.3386/w20766
- African Development Bank. (2023). Liberia Growth Diagnostic Study. https://www.afdb.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/growth_diagnostic_studyv2_5.pdf
- Aspachs, O., Durante, R., Graziano, A., Mestres, J., Montalvo, J. G., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2022). Real-time inequality and the welfare state in motion: evidence from COVID-19 in Spain. Economic Policy, 37(109), 165-199. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiac008
- Talapbayeva, G., Yerniyazova, Z, Kultanova, N, & Akbayev, Y. (2024). Economic opportunities and risks of introducing artificial intelligence. Conference Proceeding on New paradigms in the economy: connectivity, innovation and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.61432/CPNE0201117t
- Baklouti, N., & Boujelbene, Y. (2019). The economic growth–inflation–shadow economy trilogy: Developed versus developing countries. International Economic Journal, 33(4), 679-695. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2019.1641540
- Bashlakova, V., & Bashlakov, H. (2021). The study of the shadow economy in modern conditions: Theory, methodology, practice. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 81, 468-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.10.032
- Berdiev, A. N., & Saunoris, J. W. (2019). On the relationship between income inequality and the shadow economy. Eastern Economic Journal, 45, 224-249. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41302-018-0120-y
- Beck, T. (2020). Fintech and financial inclusion: Opportunities and pitfalls (No. 1165). ADBI working paper series. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/238522
- Berdiev, A.N., Saunoris, J.W. and Schneider, F. (2018). Give me liberty, or I will produce underground: Effects of economic freedom on the shadow economy. Southern Economic Journal, 85(2), 537-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12303
- Brueckner, M., & Lederman, D. (2018). Inequality and economic growth: the role of initial income. Journal of Economic Growth, 23, 341-366. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8467
- Canh, N. P., & Thanh, S. D. (2020). Financial development and the shadow economy: A multi-dimensional analysis. Economic Analysis and Policy, 67, 37-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.05.002
- Chong, A., & Gradstein, M. (2007). Inequality and informality. Journal of public Economics, 91(1-2), 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.08.001
- Davidescu, A.A., Nae, T.M. and Florescu, M.S. (2022). Exploring the moderation and mediation effects in addressing the main determinants of income inequalities in supporting quality of life: insights from CEE countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148555
- David, A., Diallo, Y., & Nilsson, B. (2023). Informality and inequality: The African case. Journal of African Economies, 32(Supplement_2), ii273-ii295. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejac052
- Dell’Anno, R. (2018). Inequality, informality, and credit market imperfections. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 22(5), 1184-1206. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000663
- Dell’Anno, R. (2021). Inequality and informality in transition and emerging countries. IZA World of Labor.2021, 325. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.325
- Dell’Anno, R. (2022). Theories and definitions of the informal economy: A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 36(5), 1610-1643. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12487
- Demir, A., Pesqué-Cela, V., Altunbas, Y., & Murinde, V. (2022). Fintech, financial inclusion and income inequality: a quantile regression approach. The European Journal of Finance, 28(1), 86-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2020.1772335
- Esaku, S. (2021). The long-and short-run relationship between the shadow economy and trade openness in Uganda. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1), 1930886. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1930886
- Etim, E. and Daramola, O. (2020). The informal sector and economic growth of South Africa and Nigeria: A comparative systematic review. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040134
- Geertz, C. (1963). Agricultural involution: The processes of ecological change in Indonesia (Vol. 11). Univ of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520341821
- Hacibedel, B., Mandon, P., Muthoora, P. and Pouokam, N. (2024). Inequality, growth fluctuations, and employment. Empirical Economics, 66(2), 587-622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-023-02476-w
- Hailemariam, A., & Dzhumashev, R. (2019). Income inequality and economic growth: heterogeneity and nonlinearity. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 24(3), 20180084. https://doi.org/10.1515/snde-2018-0084
- Hart, K. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 11(1), 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00008089
- International Labour Organisation. (2018). Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical picture. Third edition. https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_626831/lang--en/index.htm
- IOA. (2023). Africa’s informal economy: The role of digitalisation and fintech in promoting financial and economic inclusion. https://www.inonafrica.com/2023/03/28/africas-informal-economy-the-role-of-digitalisation-and-fintech-in-promoting-financial-and-economic-inclusion/
- Kiaga, A., & Leung, V. (2020). The transition from the informal to the formal economy in Africa. Global Employment Policy Review, Background Paper, 2. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4136684
- Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Manchester School. Manchester https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x
- Magwedere, M. R. (2023). Credit-inequality nexus: the role of natural resources. Economics and Environment, 3 (86) 508-526. https://doi.org/10.34659/eis.2023.86.3.646
- Magwedere, M. R., & Marozva, G. (2022). Monetary policy and inequality links: should Central banks be concerned? Global Business Review, 09721509221115227. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509221115227
- Magwedere, M. R., & Marozva, G. (2023). Does political risk matter for infrastructure investments? Empirical evidence. Development Studies Research, 10(1), 2146596. https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2022.2146596
- Medina, L., Schneider, F. (2018). Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? IMF Working Papers, 18 (17), 1. http://doi.org/10.5089/9781484338636.001
- Mishra, A., & Ray, R. (2010). Informality, corruption, and inequality. Bath Economics Research Paper, 13(10), 1-34. https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/274746/1310.pdf
- Ohnsorge, F., & Yu, S. (2022). The long shadow of informality: Challenges and policies. World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1753-3
- Ozili, P. K. (2018). Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(4), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.12.003
- Piketty, T., 2015. Putting distribution back at the center of economics: Reflections on capital in the twenty-first century. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(1), 67-88. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.1.67
- Piketty, T., 2020. Capital and ideology. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674245075
- Rauch, J. E. (1991). Modelling the informal sector formally. Journal of Development Economics, 35(1), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(91)90065-4
- Rostow, W. W. (1960). The problem of achieving and maintaining a high rate of economic growth: A historian’s view. The American Economic Review, 50(2), 106-118. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1815015
- Sen, K., Danquah, M., & Schotte, S. (2022). Introduction: What sustains informality? The Journal of Development Studies, 58(7), 1307-1311. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061857
- Stigler, G. J. (1971). The theory of economic regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003160
- Ulyssea, G. (2020). Informality: Causes and consequences for development. Annual Review of Economics, 12, 525-546. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-082119-121914
- World Bank. 2021. Understanding the Informal Economy: Concepts and Trends. https://thedocs.world-bank.org/en/doc/37511318c092e6fd4ca3c60f0af0bea3-0350012021/original/Informal-economy-full-report.pdf
- World Bank. (2022). Informality in emerging market and developing economies: regional dimensions. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/37511318c092e6fd4ca3c60f0af0bea3-0350012021/original/Informal-economy-full-report.pdf
- Zolkover, A. O., & Kovalenko, D. (2020). Evolution of theories of shadow economy formation. Technology Audit and Production Reserves, 6(4), 56. https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.218711