Early life adversity influences brain development through neuroendocrine, immune, and microbiota-related mechanisms: A review

Peter Vargovic; Jana Osacka; Lubica Horvathova; Andrej Tillinger; Denisa Mihalj; Barbora Bugar Bodorova; Lila Dziewiczova; Tomas Havranek; Zuzana Bacova; Jan Bakos

doi:10.2478/enr-2026-0010

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Early life adversity influences brain development through neuroendocrine, immune, and microbiota-related mechanisms: A review

Endocrine Regulations

Volume 60 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)

By: Peter Vargovic, Jana Osacka, Lubica Horvathova, Andrej Tillinger, Denisa Mihalj, Barbora Bugar Bodorova, Lila Dziewiczova, Tomas Havranek, Zuzana Bacova and Jan Bakos

Open Access

|Jun 2026

Peter Vargovic

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Jana Osacka

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Lubica Horvathova

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Andrej Tillinger

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Denisa Mihalj

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Barbora Bugar Bodorova

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

Lila Dziewiczova

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

Tomas Havranek

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

Zuzana Bacova

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Jan Bakos

j.bakos@savba.sk

Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/enr-2026-0010 | Journal eISSN: 1336-0329 | Journal ISSN: 1210-0668

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Language: English

Page range: 86 - 97

Published on: Jun 27, 2026

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

early-life adversity,

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,

Related subjects:

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other,

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Internal medicine,

Endocrinology, diabetology,

© 2026 Peter Vargovic, Jana Osacka, Lubica Horvathova, Andrej Tillinger, Denisa Mihalj, Barbora Bugar Bodorova, Lila Dziewiczova, Tomas Havranek, Zuzana Bacova, Jan Bakos, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 60 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)