Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has become a major global health concern with increasing prevalence worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of the circadian rhythm, the body’s internal biological clock, in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The circadian system regulates glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and energy homeostasis. Modern lifestyle factors such as sleep disturbances shift work and irregular eating patterns disrupt circadian rhythms promoting insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. At the molecular level, mutations or altered expression of clock genes contribute to diabetes development. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that maintaining the circadian integrity can reduce the diabetes risk and the chronotherapy time-based treatment approaches may enhance the therapeutic efficacy. The future advances including genetic profiling, AI-assisted monitoring and microbiota modulation hold promise for improved diabetes management. This review comprehensively examines the relationship between diabetes and circadian disruption emphasizing the importance of circadian biology in preventing and treating the metabolic diseases.