Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Previous TAM research
| A | C | A | F |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rice and Shook (1988) | Accessibility, USE, Value, Job Type, Appropriate, Outcomes | Electronic Messaging System (EMS) | Accessibility→USE, Job Type→USE, Value→USE, USE→ Outcomes |
| Davis (1989) | PU, PEOU, USE* | PROFS - electronic mail, the XEDIT file editor, and IBM PC- systems: Chart-Master, Pendraw | PEOU→USE, PU→USE |
| Davis et al. (1989) | PU, PEOU, ATT, BI, USE | WriteOne | PEOU→PU, PU→ATT, PEOU→ATT, ATT→BI, BI→USE, PU→BI |
| Teo et al. (1999) | PU, PEOU, USE, PE | Internet | PEOU→PU, PU→USE, PEOU→USE, PE→USE, PEOU→PE |
| Thong et al. (2002) | PU, PEOU, BI, System Accessibility (SA), Terminology, Screen Design, Navigation, Relevance, System Visibility, Computer Self-Efficacy (CsE), Computer Experience (CEx), Domain Knowledge (DK), | digital library | Terminology→PEOU, Screen Design→PEOU, Navigation→PEOU, Relevance→PU, System Visibility→PU, CsE→PEOU, CEx→PEOU, DK→PEOU, PEOU→PU, PEOU→BI, PU→BI |
| Park (2009) | PU, PEOU, ATT, BI, SN System Accessibility (SA) | e-learning | ATT→BI, SE→BI, SN→BI, PU →ATT, PEOU→ATT, SN→ATT, PEOU→ PU, SE, SN→PU, SE→PEOU, SA→PEOU |
| Liébana- Cabanillas et al. (2015) | PC, PU, ATT, BI, PEOU, Personal Innovativeness (PI), | QR mobile payment system | PC→PU, ATT→BI, PU→ATT, PEOU→ PU, PI→ PEOU, PI→BI, SN→BI |
| Chintalapati et al. (2016) | PU, PEOU, ATT, BI | YouTube | PEOU→PU, PU→ATT, ATT→BI, PEOU→ATT |
| Bazelais et al. (2017) | PU, PEOU, USE, ATT, BI | online learning technologies for college students | PEOU→PU, PU→ATT, ATT→BI, PEOU→ATT |
| Park et al. (2017) | Technology Acceptance (TA), PE, ATT, BI, PU, PEOU, Perceived connectedness (PCON), PC, Perceived control (PCO), Perceived cost (PCOST) | Internet of Things (IoT) | ATT→ BI, PU→ BI, PU→ ATT, PEOU→ATT, PEOU→ PU, PCOST→BI PCON→PU, PC→PEOU, PCON→PEOU, PC→PU, PCO→PEOU |
| Ahmad et al. (2017) | PU, PEOU, Trust (TR), Cost, Social Influence (SI), Variety of services (VOS), User intention to adopt eGovernment (eG), control variables: Gender, Age and Household income | m-government service | TR→eG, SI→eG, Gender→eG, Age→eG, Household income→eG |
| Ul Hassan et al. (2018) | COST, BI, PU, PEOU, Securuty&Privacy (S&P), ATT, SN, Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC), Self-Efficacy (SE) | Internet banking | PU→ATT, PEOU →ATT, ATT→BI, SE→PBC, PBC→BI, SN →BI, S&P →ATT, TS→PBC, COST→ BI |
| Changchit and Chuchuen (2018) | PU, PEOU, Perceived Security (PS), Perceived Speed of Access (PSA), Perceived Cost of Usage (PCU) | Cloud Computing | PU→BI, PEOU→BI, PS→BI, PCU→BI |
| Sangi et al. (2018) | PU, Communication (C), Cost-effectiveness (CE), Smartphones usage (SU), Facebook Usage (FbU) | PU→FbU, C→FbU, SU→FbU | |
| Groß (2018) | PU, PEOU, USE, PE, ATT, Trust (TR), Social influence (SI), Satisfaction (SAT) | mobile shopping | PU→ATT, PE→ATT, PEOU→ATT, SI→BI, PEOU→PU, PEOU→PE, ATT→BI, TR→BI, BIUSE, SATUSE →→ |
Parameter estimates for causal paths
| S | B | t-value | p-value | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1. PEOU → PU | 0.54 | 8.69 | 0.001 | Supported |
| H2. PU → BI | 0.31 | 5.54 | 0.001 | Supported |
| H3. PEOU → BI | 0.51 | 7.91 | 0.001 | Supported |
| H4. PPA → BI | 0.15 | 2.56 | 0.010 | Supported |
| H5. BI→ USE | 0.40 | 4.61 | 0.001 | Supported |
| H6. PPA → USE | -0.40 | -3.77 | 0.001 | Supported |
Main characteristics of the sample structure
| S | ||
|---|---|---|
| 59.2% women | 40.8% men | |
| T | ||
| 37.6% | not employed, not looking for a job (full-time students) | |
| 25.4% | employed, working 40 or more hours a week | |
| 19.7% | employed, working 1 – 39 hours a week | |
| 17.3% | self-employment etc. | |
| T | ||
| 50% | using the software for six months | |
| 30.5% | more than six months, up to a year | |
| 15.8% | more than a year, up to five years | |
| 3.7% | more than five years | |
Construct measurement and scale items
| V | C | S |
|---|---|---|
| PEOU | P | |
| PEOU1 | Learning to use AutoCAD is easy for me | Igbaria (2006); et Venkatesh al. (1997); et Karahanna al. (2003) et al. |
| PEOU2 | I can easily do what I want and need in AutoCAD | Davis (1989) |
| PEOU3 | My interaction with AutoCAD is clear and understandable | Karahanna Davis (2000et ) al. (2006); Venkatesh and |
| PEOU4 | I can easily use AutoCAD efficiently | F. D. Davis (1989); Karahanna et al. (2006) |
| PEOU5 | AutoCAD is an intuitive program | Author |
| PU | P | |
| PU1 | Using AutoCAD enables me to accomplish tasks more quickly | Davis (1989); Venkatesh et al. (2003) |
| PU2 | Using AutoCAD increases my productivity | Davis (1989); Venkatesh et al. (2003) |
| PU3 | Using AutoCAD enhances my work effectiveness | Davis (1989); Igbaria et al. (1997); Venkatesh and Davis (2000) |
| PU4 | Using AutoCAD makes it easier to do my job | Karahanna et al. (2006) |
| PU5 | I find AutoCAD useful in my job | Davis, Venkatesh 1989; and Igbaria Davis et (2000al. (1997) ) |
| BI | B | |
| BI1 | I intend to use AutoCAD in the next six months | Venkatesh et al. (2003) |
| BI2 | Given that I have access to AutoCAD, I predict that I would use it | Venkatesh and Davis (2000) |
| BI3 | I will use AutoCAD on a regular basis in the future | Lai and Li (2005) |
| BI4 | I will strongly recommend others to use AutoCAD | Lai and Li (2005) |
| BI5 | I intend to increase my use of AutoCAD in the future | Agarwal (2005) and Prasad (1998); Lai and Li |
| PPA | P | |
| PPA1 | (distance/place) I can use AutoCAD installed1 | Author |
| PPA2 | (difficulty of access) I can access AutoCAD2 | Author |
| PPA3 | (cost) Obtaining AutoCAD was3 | Author |
| PPA4 | (time) I can use AutoCAD4 | Author |
| USE | A | |
| USE1 | I use AutoCAD less than once a week | Davis et al. (1989) |
| USE2 | I always use AutoCAD whenever I have a project to do | Author |
| USE3 | I have used AutoCAD in the last six months | Groß (2018) |
| USE4 | I use AutoCAD more than once a day | Davis et al. (1989) |
| USE5 | I use AutoCAD regularly four to six times per week | Davis et al. (1989) |
Evaluation of the measurement model
| F | A | CR | AVE | PEOU | PU | BI | PPA | USE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEOU | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.58 | 0.76 | ||||
| PU | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.79 | 0.54 | 0.89 | |||
| BI | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0,59 | 0.67 | 0.57 | 0.77 | ||
| PPA | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.51 | -0.16 | -0.26 | -0.03 | 0.71 | |
| USE | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.31 | -0.36 | 0.74 |