Fig . 1
Discriminant analysis_ Basic indicators
| AUTO- VALUE | CANONI- CAL COR- RELATION | LAMBDA WILKS | SIG. | CENTROIDS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPAIN | POLAND | ||||
| 0.918 | 0.692 | 0.521 | 0.000 | -1.015 | 0.901 |
Discriminant analysis_ Standardised coefficients (SC)
| CONSTRUCT | ITEMS | SC |
|---|---|---|
| VA | VA1 | 0.051 |
| VA2 | -0.186 | |
| AT | AT1 | 0.124 |
| AT2 | -0.174 | |
| MO | MO1 | 0.218 |
| MO2 | 0.277 | |
| SE | SE1 | -0.091 |
| SE2 | 0.097 | |
| EI | EI1 | -0.817 |
| EI2 | -0.205 |
PLS-GMA Analysis
| HYPOTHESIS | SPAIN PATH (B) | POLAND PATH (Β) | DIF. PATH (Β) | P VALUES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1: VA → AT | 0.453 | 0.436 | 0.017 | 0.388 |
| H2: AT →MO | 0.475 | 0.421 | 0.054 | 0.229 |
| H3: MO → SE | 0.495 | 0.457 | 0.038 | 0.278 |
| H4: SE → EI | 0.703 | 0.641 | 0.062 | 0.054 |
Discriminant validity (Fornell and Larcker criteria)
| VA | AT | MO | SE | EI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA | 0.855 | ||||
| AT | 0.447 | 0.812 | |||
| MO | 0.431 | 0.445 | 0.893 | ||
| SE | 0.257 | 0.384 | 0.512 | 0.902 | |
| EI | 0.265 | 0.331 | 0.540 | 0.688 | 0.944 |
Indicators R2, Q2 and GoF
| R2 | AVE | Q2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT | 0.200 | 0.659 | 0,124 |
| MO | 0.198 | 0.798 | 0,148 |
| SE | 0.263 | 0.813 | 0,201 |
| EI | 0.473 | 0.890 | 0,396 |
| Media | 0.284 | 0.790 | |
| GoF | 0.474 | ||
Valuations, Load (λ), compound reliability (FC) and average extracted variance (AVE)
| VARIABLE | ITEM | [%] | LOAD Λ | FC | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA | VA1: I value entrepreneurship as an alternative to employment | 76.70 | 0.867 | 0.844 | 0.730 |
| VA2: I value entrepreneurship because it allows growth | 77.98 | 0.842 | |||
| AT | AT1: Entrepreneurship has more advantages than disadvantages | 78.36 | 0.806 | 0.794 | 0.659 |
| AT2: I am in favour of entrepreneurship and the creation of companies | 89.68 | 0.817 | |||
| MO | MO1: I would be motivated to be an entrepreneur | 82.66 | 0.916 | 0.888 | 0.798 |
| MO2: It would moitvate me to be an entrepreneur to achieve autonomy | 80.64 | 0.870 | |||
| SE | SE1: I think I would succeed if I created a company | 73.43 | 0.881 | 0.897 | 0.813 |
| SE2: I have confidence in myself to start a business | 74.92 | 0.922 | |||
| EI | EI1: I intend to be an entrepreneur | 68.88 | 0.946 | 0.942 | 0.890 |
| EI2: In the future, I think I have my own company | 72.12 | 0.942 |
Description of the sample
| Gender | Country | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | Poland | ||
| Male | 144 | 175 | 319 (44.24%) |
| Female | 195 | 207 | 402 (55.76%) |
| Total | 339 (47.02%) | 382 (52.98%) | N=721 |
Direct relationships and their significance (β)
| HYPOTHESIS | (B) | T | P | CONFIRM. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1: VA → AT | 0.447 | 14.388 | 0.000 | Yes |
| H2: AT →MO | 0.445 | 12.515 | 0.000 | Yes |
| H3: MO → SE | 0.512 | 17.973 | 0.000 | Yes |
| H4: SE → EI | 0.688 | 37.114 | 0.000 | Yes |