Residents’ Perceptions about Tourism Development: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Locations in the North of Portugal

	Overnights 2022*	Residents (2021 Census)	Tourist Intensity (overnights/100 residents/day), in 2022*	Tourist Density (overnights/Km2/day), in 2021*
Norte	11 556 645	3 586 586	0.08	0.79
Arcos de Valdevez	80 263	20 718	0.09	0.39
Guimarães	320 866	156 830	0.05	2.26
Porto	4 819 168	231 800	0.54	193.97

1 *Data is only available at the municipality level (not parishes)

1 Source: travelBI (2022)

Table 2:

Sample Size and Distribution

	Porto		Guimarães		PNPG		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total Respondents	365	48.22	264	34.87	128	16.91	757	100.00

1 Source: Author’s elaboration

Table 3:

Residents’ Profile

		Porto		Guimarães		PNPG		Total
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total Respondents		365	48.22	264	34.87	128	16.91	757	100.00
Length of residence in the area
	≤10 years	60	16.4	49	18.6	16	12.5	125	16.51
	11–25 years	117	32.1	108	40.9	33	25.8	258	34.08
	26–49 years	101	27.7	61	23.1	44	34.4	206	27.21
	≥50 years	87	23.8	46	17.4	35	27.3	168	22.19
Age
	18–30 years	97	26.6	100	37.9	18	14.1	215	28.40
	31–50 years	128	35.1	72	27.3	54	42.2	254	33.55
	51–65 years	63	17.3	64	24.2	26	20.3	153	20.21
	>65 years	77	21.1	28	10.6	30	23.4	135	17.83
Gender
	Female	191	52.3	149	56.4	71	55.5	411	54.29
	Male	174	47.7	114	43.2	57	44.5	345	45.57
Civil status
	Single	104	28.5	105	39.8	40	31.3	249	32.89
	Married/non-marital cohabitation	185	50.7	121	45.8	65	50.8	371	49.01
	Divorced/separated	36	9.9	23	8.7	11	8.6	70	9.25
	Widowed	40	11.0	15	5.7	12	9.4	67	8.85
Academic qualifications
	Cannot read or write	1	0.3	1	0.38	6	4.7	8	1.06
	I can read but no school	2	0.5	2	0.76	0	0.0	4	0.53
	1st cycle (primary education)	75	20.0	44	16.67	37	28.9	156	20.61
	Intermediate (9th grade)	112	29.9	28	10.61	26	20.3	166	21.93
	Secondary/vocational (12th grade)	93	24.8	78	29.55	43	33.6	214	28.27
	High education	92	24.5	111	42.05	16	12.5	219	28.93
Labour status
	Domestic	7	1.9	4	1.5	7	5.5	18	2.38
	Student	38	10.4	56	21.2	6	4.7	100	13.21
	Self-employed	54	14.8	26	9.8	44	34.4	124	16.38
	Retired	68	18.6	41	15.5	25	19.5	134	17.70
	Unemployed	21	5.8	5	1.9	12	9.4	38	5.02
	Seeking 1st job	9	2.5	13	4.9	0	0.0	22	2.91
	Employee of someone else	174	47.7	119	45.1	34	26.6	327	43.20

1 Source: Author’s elaboration

Table 4:

Residents’ perceptions of positive impacts

	N	M	Md	MR
Improved the image of the place
Porto	365	4.11	4	339.74
Guimarães	264	4.58	5	482.51
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	3.73	4	277.46
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X² = 136.180 df = 2 p = 0.001
Infrastructure improvement
Porto	365	4.08	4	380.08
Guimarães	264	4.28	4	444.79
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	3.37	4	240.22
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²= 65.561 df = 2 p = 0.001
Opportunities for local businesses
Porto	365	4.12	4	380.05
Guimarães	264	4.29	4	448.28
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	3.30	4	233.12
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²= 77.778 df = 2 p = 0.001
Increased jobs for residents
Porto	365	4.16	4	435.29
Guimarães	264	3.93	4	387.12
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	2.91	3	201.73
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²= 46.747 df = 2 p = 0.001
Enabled heritage preservation
Porto	365	3.53	4	360.35
Guimarães	264	3.95	4	452.93
PN Peneda-Gerês	120	3.17	3	279.72
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²= 88.299 df = 2 p = 0.001

1 N = cases; M = mean; Md = median; MR = mean Rank; X2 = Chi-square; df = degrees of freedom; p = significance level

1 Source: Author’s elaboration

Table 5:

Residents’ Perceptions of Negative Impacts

	N	M	Md	MR
Increased prices of goods and services
Porto	365	4.05	4	370.61
Guimarães	264	4.44	5	483.54
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	3.04	3	187.30
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²=173.927 df=2 p=0.001
Environmental degradation
Porto	365	2.83	3	413.81
Guimarães	264	2.29	2	305.54
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	2.93	3	431.25
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²=29.440 df=2 p=0.001
Reduction of traditional shopping
Porto	365	1.92	2	377.14
Guimarães	264	1.97	2	354.28
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	2.30	2	435.30
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²=16.469 df=2 p=0.001
Causes loss of cultural identity
Porto	365	2.30	2	410.80
Guimarães	264	1.87	2	316.26
PN Peneda-Gerês	127	2.34	2	415.04
Total	756
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²=12.795 df=2 p=0.001
Disrupts daily life of residents
Porto	365	2.97	3	455.52
Guimarães	264	2.08	2	293.09
PN Peneda-Gerês	128	2.30	2	337.97
Total	757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results	X²= 53.044 df = 2 p = 0.001

1 N = cases; M = mean; Md = median; MR = mean Rank; X2 = Chi-square; df = degrees of freedom; p = significance level

1 Source: Author’s elaboration

Table 6:

Employment in the Tourism Sector

	Porto		Guimarães		Gerês
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total respondents	365		264		128
Family member employed in tourism	124	34.0	79	29.9	53	41.4
Accommodation	30	24.2	16	20.3	18	34.0
Restaurants	57	46.0	33	41.8	28	52.8
Transportation	14	11.3	4	5.1	10	18.9
Agencies and Tour Operators	18	14.5	11	13.9	2	3.8
Events, Entertainment, and Culture	12	9.7	11	13.9	12	22.6
X²= 5.085 df = 2 p = 0.79

1 Source: Author’s elaboration

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2024-0014 | Journal eISSN: 2182-4924 | Journal ISSN: 2182-4916

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Language: English

Page range: 190 - 205

Submitted on: Feb 1, 2024

Accepted on: Apr 23, 2024

Published on: Dec 31, 2024

Published by: Polytechnic Institute of Leiria

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

North Portugal,

residents’ perceptions,

social impacts,

sustainable tourism

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Business management,

Business management, other,

Industries,

Tourism, hospitality, travel,

Event industry, leisure industry,

Sports and recreation,

Sports and recreation, other

© 2024 Goretti Silva, Mariana Oliveira, published by Polytechnic Institute of Leiria
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 14 (2024): Issue 2 (December 2024)

Residents’ Perceptions about Tourism Development: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Locations in the North of Portugal

Figures & Tables

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Table 1:

Table 2:

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Table 5:

Table 6:

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