| Cluster 1 |
Capitalism Climate Change CO2 Emissions Economic Growth Energy Consumption Growth Impact Sustainable Development Tourism | Tourism plays an important role in the world’s economic growth and must also play a key role in climate change, by decreasing its CO2 emissions and reducing its negative impact, focusing especially on the type of energy consumption. Tourism must guarantee its growth is based on sustainable development and should consider greener forms of tourism such as ecotourism. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the resilience of the sector and that many tourist destinations have been affected by overtourism. | (Alola et al., 2019; Azam et al., 2018; Comerio & Strozzi, 2019; Gannon et al., 2021; Geng et al., 2020; Gössling & Hall, 2019; Paramati et al., 2017; Rasoolimanesh et al., 2019; Rej et al., 2022; Rico et al., 2019; Sharpley, 2020; Talwar et al., 2020; Vuille et al., 2018; Xuefeng et al., 2022) |
| Cluster 2 |
Challenges Gender Governance Overtourism Policy Resilience Sustainability | Governance plays a key role in developing policies focused on sustainability. The industry has faced different challenges in the past and proved to be a resilient sector and a booster to the economy. However, bigger challenges have not been yet overcome such as gender inequality and overtourism. Future management frameworks must include attitudes supporting the current challenges tourism faces. | (Alarcón & Cole, 2019; Fletcher et al., 2019; Gonzalez et al., 2018; Hall et al., 2020; Koens et al., 2018, 2021; Li et al., 2022; Oklevik et al., 2019; Robinson et al., 2019; Sobaih et al., 2021) |
| Cluster 3 |
Conservation Ecosystem Services Ecotourism Management Sustainable Tourism
| Sustainable tourism management must take into consideration other systems that might be secondary in relation to the tourism activity. A greener form of tourism, like ecotourism, plays an active role in guaranteeing the conservation of a destination and its resources. | (Borja et al., 2020; Büscher & Fletcher, 2019; Filimonau & De Coteau, 2019; Gentry et al., 2020; Grilli et al., 2021; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2018; Khanra et al., 2021; Kleitou et al., 2021; Niewiadomski, 2020; Rotter et al., 2021; Spalding et al., 2017) |
| Cluster 4 |
COVID-19 Planned Behavior Satisfaction Travel
| The COVID-19 pandemic affected the world of travel. Now, individuals must be even more conscious of their actions and impact. | (Cheer, 2020; de Kervenoael et al., 2020; Galvani et al., 2020; Han, 2021; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020b, 2020a; Ioannides & Gyimothy, 2020; Romagosa, 2020; Sharma et al., 2021) |
| Cluster 5 |
Attitudes Framework Quality Support
| Reveals the importance of establishing a management framework in recovering from COVID-19 based of real attitudes and sustainable and planned behaviour to obtain more sustainable tourism without compromising service quality and satisfaction. | (Boluk et al., 2019; Dolnicar et al., 2019; Pizzi et al., 2020; Ramkissoon, 2020.; Tussyadiah, 2020; Xiang et al., 2021) |
