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Leisure Attitude, Anxiety, and Mental Well-Being in Turkey: The Case of COVID-19 Cover

Leisure Attitude, Anxiety, and Mental Well-Being in Turkey: The Case of COVID-19

Open Access
|Jun 2022

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Research Model
Research Model

Figure 2

The Results of the Conceptual Model from the SEM (N=507) *p < .000.
The Results of the Conceptual Model from the SEM (N=507) *p < .000.

The distribution of leisure attitude score based on age, education_

NXSDSEMin.Max.
Ageunder 18 years old333.8131.85772.149311.565.00
18–383343.8237.80375.043981.005.00
39–591304.0050.64935.056952.335.00
60 years old and above94.4198.54370.181233.395.00
Total5063.8802.77240.034341.005.00

EducationPrimary education263.8739.61394.120402.785.00
High school1073.6950.84648.081831.005.00
Associate (2 years)823.6719.82364.090961.065.00
Undergraduate (4 years)2263.9971.74762.049731.005.00
Master394.1068.60957.097612.505.00
Doctorate263.9483.58780.115282.675.00
Total5063.8802.77240.034341.005.00

Confirmatory factor analysis, CR and AVE

ConstructItemsStd.Factor LoadingsC.R.AVECronbach's α
Cognitive componentEngaging in leisure activities is a wise use of time.0.7500.910.630.92
Leisure activities are beneficial to individuals and society.0.802
Leisure activities contribute to one's health.0.837
Leisure activities increase one's happiness.0.813
Leisure activities help to renew one's energy.0.831
Leisure activities help individuals to relax.0.774

Affective componentMy leisure activities give me pleasure.0.8380.860.650.89
I feel that leisure is good for me.0.869
I like to take my time while I am engaged in leisure activities.0.695
My leisure activities are refreshing.0.569
I feel that the time I spend on leisure is not wasted.0.619
I like my leisure activities.0.662

Behavioural componentI spend considerable time and effort to be more competent in my leisure activities.0.6400.850.520.85
I would attend a seminar or a class to be able to do leisure activities better.0.758
I support the idea of increasing my free time to engage in leisure activities.0.566
I engage in leisure activities even when I am busy.0.758
I would spend time in education and preparation for leisure activities.0.785
I give my leisure high priority among other activities.0.721

Mental Well-BeingI’ve been feeling useful.0.5700.810.600.89
I’ve been feeling relaxed.0.518
I’ve had energy to spare.0.557
I’ve been dealing with problems well.0.645
I’ve been thinking clearly.0.620
I’ve been feeling good abaout myself.0.663
I’ve been feeling confident.0.561
I’ve been feeling cheerful.0.619

AnxietyFeeling nervous, anxious or on edge0.6550.760.550.85
Not being able to stop or control worrying0.688
Worrying too much about different things0.646
Becoming easily annoyed or irritable0.558
Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen0.598

Difference of leisure attitude perception according to age, marital status and education of the participants

Sum of SquaresdfMean Squarefp
AgeBetween Groups5.86031.9533.319.020
Within Groups295.424502.588
Total301.283505

Marital StatusBetween Groups2.47721.2382.085.125
Within Groups296.980500.594
Total299.456502

EducationBetween Groups12.44152.4884.307.001
Within Groups288.842500.578
Total301.283505

Difference of leisure attitude perception according to gender of the participants

NxSDtp
GenderFemale3273.9202.778351.577.115
Male1803.8071.75811

Correlation matrix_

NMeanSD123
1. Leisure Attitude5063.8802.772401
2. Anxiety5051.8326.66634−.155**.0001
3. Mental Well-being5053.9536.74228.416**.000−.437**.0001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2021-0017 | Journal eISSN: 2182-4924 | Journal ISSN: 2182-4916
Language: English
Page range: 181 - 194
Submitted on: Oct 1, 2020
Accepted on: Apr 14, 2021
Published on: Jun 29, 2022
Published by: Polytechnic Institute of Leiria
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year

© 2022 Gülseren Yurcu, published by Polytechnic Institute of Leiria
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.