Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The necessity of a new approach in the legal migration policies of the EU due to discrimination in the labor market, considering the post-Covid 19 context Cover

The necessity of a new approach in the legal migration policies of the EU due to discrimination in the labor market, considering the post-Covid 19 context

By: Florida Arrinaj  
Open Access
|Jan 2025

References

  1. Caritas Europa. (2022). Why Europe needs more labour migration. Retrieved from https://www.caritas.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/221215_CE-briefing-paper_labour-migration-V2.pdf
  2. Council Directive 2009/50/EC. (2009). On the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly qualified employment. Official Journal of the EU. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0050
  3. European Commission. (2021). Report on the implementation of the EU Blue Card Directive. Retrieved from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-resettlement-and-integration/work/eu-blue-card_en
  4. European Commission. (2024). Single Permit Directive: Work and stay in the EU. Retrieved from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-resettlement-and-integration/work/single-permit-work_en#:~:text=The%20Single%20Permit%20Directive%2C%20adopted,and%20stay%20in%20the%20EU.
  5. European Commission. (2024). Legal migration, resettlement, and integration. European Commission. Retrieved December 29, 2024, from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-resettlement-and-integration_en
  6. European Parliament and Council. (2011). Directive 2011/98/EU on a single application procedure for a single permit for third-country nationals to reside and work in the EU. Official Journal of the EU. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32011L0098
  7. European Parliament and Council. (2014). Directive 2014/36/EU on the conditions of entry and stay of third-country nationals for the purpose of employment as seasonal workers. Official Journal of the EU. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32014L0036
  8. European Parliament. (2023, April 13). Labour migration: Improving legal avenues to work in the EU. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20230413STO79903/labour-migration-improving-legal-avenues-to-work-in-the-eu
  9. EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). (2022). Migrants in the EU: Access to social and healthcare services. Retrieved from https://fra.europa.eu/en/publications
  10. Eurofound. (2021). Living and working conditions of migrant workers in the EU. Retrieved from https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications
  11. Eurofound. (2022). Addressing gaps in social protection for migrant workers during crises. Retrieved from https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications
  12. Fasani, F., & Mazza, J. (2020). A vulnerable workforce: Migrant workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. European Parliament Research Service. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html
  13. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on migrant workers and their families. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/publications
  14. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2021). Promoting fair and effective migration governance post-COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/publications
  15. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2023). Addressing migrant workers’ challenges: Pathways to reform. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/publications
  16. Kumar, B. N., Bhopal, A., Blanchet, K., Wickramage, K., & Onarheim, K. H. (2023). Priority setting and migration health policies for European countries. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 41, 100804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100804
  17. Lücke, M. (2022). Access to the EU labor market: National policies vs. EU initiatives. Retrieved from https://feps-europe.eu/the-european-commissions-legal-migration-policy-good-intentions-limited-impact/
  18. Minderhoud, P. (2021). Regulation of EU Labour Migration: At a Crossroads after the New Pact on Migration and Asylum? Utrecht Law Review. https://utrechtlawreview.org/articles/10.36633/ulr.749
  19. OECD/EU. (2016). Recommendations for EU labour migration policy. In Recruiting Immigrant Workers: Europe 2016. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264257290-9-en
  20. OECD. (2020). What is the impact of COVID-19 on migrants? OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en/policy-responses
  21. OECD. (2021). Post-pandemic recovery for migrants in the labor market. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/migration/
  22. OECD. (2023). Reducing labor market inequalities for migrant workers. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/migration/
  23. Rasche, L. (2023). Why the EU needs a radical re-think on labour migration. Retrieved from https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/why-the-eu-needs-a-radical-re-think-on-labour-migration
  24. Savas, S. T., Knipper, M., Duclos, D., Sharma, E., Ugarte-Gurrutxaga, M. I., & Blanchet, K. (2023). Migrant-sensitive healthcare in Europe: Advancing health equity through accessibility, acceptability, quality, and trust. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 41, 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100805
  25. Sommarribas, A., & Nienaber, B. (2021). Migration and mobility of third-country national labour workers to and inside Europe during the Covid-19 pandemic – a legal analysis. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(22), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00229-1
  26. Stevens, A. J., et al. (2023). Discriminatory, racist, and xenophobic policies and practices against child refugees, asylum seekers, and undocumented migrants in European health systems. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 41, 100834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100834
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejels-2025-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2519-1284 | Journal ISSN: 2520-0429
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 10
Published on: Jan 17, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year

© 2025 Florida Arrinaj, published by International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition Law
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.