Development of Coal Magnetic Activated Carbon for Cd(II) Removal: Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Modelling
References
- Li Z, Du C. Current status and research trends of electroplating wastewater treatment: Systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Desalination. 2025;613:119004. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119004.
- Beni E, Giurlani W, Fabbri L, Emanuele R, Santini S, Sarti C, et al. Graphene-based nanomaterials in the electroplating industry: A suitable choice for heavy metal removal from wastewater. Chemosphere. 2022;292. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133448.
- Chander S, Gupta A. Fabrication of mango-leaf biowaste mediated green magnetite (Fe3O4@MBE NPs) and modified EDTA/Fe3O4@MBE NCs for enhanced heavy metals sequestration: Characterisation, simulation modelling, mechanism, cost-effectiveness and electroplating wastewater perfor. Sep Purif Technol. 2025;358A. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130246.
- Amitesh, Dohare D, Rekhate C, Prajapati AK. Removal of heavy metal from electroplating wastewater using electrocoagulation: a review. Desalination Water Treat. 2022;267:121-37. DOI: 10.5004/dwt. 2022.28710.
- Babilas D, Chromikova J, Kopyto D, Leszczyńska-Sejda K, Dydo P. Application of electrodialysis enhanced with complex formation integrated with electrolysis for treatment of electroplating wastewaters as a new approach to the selective copper recovery. Chem Eng J. 2024;494. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.152707.
- Rajoria S, Vashishtha M, Vikas, Sangal K. Electroplating wastewater treatment by electrooxidation using synthesised new electrode: Experimental, optimisation, kinetics, and cost analysis. Process Saf Environ Protect. 2024;183:735-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.01.023.
- Kusdarini E, Yanuwiadi B, Hakim L, Suyadi S. Adoption model of water filter by the society of lake water users in dry land area, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Int J Advanced Sci Eng Information Technol. 2020;10(5):2089-96. DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.10.5.9075.
- Kusdarini E, Hakim L, Yanuwiadi B, Suyadi S. Study in the development of fixed bed filter adoption of public health of lake water users. Walailak J Sci Technol. 2021;18(8):1-10. DOI: 10.48048/wjst.2021.9131.
- Kusdarini E, Budianto A. Characteristics and adsorption test of activated carbon from Indonesian bituminous coal. J Ecol Eng. 2022;23(10):1-15. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/152343.
- Kusdarini E, Kusuma MN, Budianto A, Atiyatussa’adah E, Garino E.A. Modification of activated carbon from processed salak fruit waste with Fe3O4 composite for removal of Pb(II) in wastewater. Ecol Eng Environ Technol. 2025;26(1):305-15. DOI: 10.12912/27197050/196040.
- Kusdarini E, Budianto A, Kusuma MN, Atiyatussa’adah E. Adsorption capacity of magnetic activated carbon derived from snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) seeds to Cd(II): Characteristics and isotherm model. Reaktor. 2025;25(1):12-8. DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.12-18.
- Ali A, Ing AWC, Abdullah WRW, Hamzah S, Azaman F. Preparation of high-performance adsorbent from low-cost agricultural waste (Peanut husk) using full factorial design: Application to dye removal. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2020;10(6):6619-28. DOI: 10.33263/BRIAC106.66196628.
- Florentino-Madiedo L, Vega MF, Díaz-Faes E, Barriocanal C. Evaluation of synergy during co-pyrolysis of torrefied sawdust, coal and paraffin. A kinetic and thermodynamic study. Fuel. 2021;292. DOI: 10.1016/J.FUEL.2021.120305.
- Yorgun S, Yildiz D. Preparation and characterisation of activated carbons from Paulownia wood by chemical activation with H3PO4. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2015;53:122-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.02.032.
- Kumar P, Kumar NB. Combustion characteristics of high ash Indian coal, wheat straw, wheat husk and their blends. Mater Sci Energy Technol. 2021;4:274-81. DOI: 10.1016/J.MSET.2021.08.001.
- Udayakumar M, El Mrabate B, Koós T, Szemmelveisz K, Kristály F, Leskó M. et al. Synthesis of activated carbon foams with high specific surface area using polyurethane elastomer templates for effective removal of methylene blue. Arabian J Chem. 2021;14(7). DOI: 10.1016/J.ARABJC.2021.103214.
- Kumabe K, Chishima M, Moritomi H. Physico-chemical characterisation of biomass, coal, and their chars using kinetics and electrochemistry. Energy Reports. 2021;7:4437-44. DOI: 10.1016/J.EGYR.2021.07.032.
- Chyad TF, Hammood ZA, Al-Saedi R. Agricultural wastes derived activated carbon for the removal of iron from car-wash wastewater. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2025;32(1):85-98. DOI: 10.2478/eces-2025-0005.
- Chyad TF, Al-Saedi R, Hammood ZA. Copper(II) removal from wastewater using pine cone derived activated carbon. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2024;31(4):539-49. DOI: 10.2478/eces-2024-0035.
- Li Y, Yu Z, Guo J, Li X, Yang F, Zhang B. Ultrasonic-assisted water washing dechlorination modified coal-based activated carbon and its adsorption performance for dyes. J Clean Prod. 2026;546:147735. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147735.
- Parniske J, Froemelt A, Morck T. Modelling competitive adsorption of organic micropollutants onto granular activated carbon in fixed-bed adsorbers for advanced wastewater treatment. Water Res. 2025;288:124631. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.124631.
- Wang Q, Liu T, Li Y, Bi H, Su F, Nie Y. Sulfur-functionalized coal-based activated carbon: A green sorbent for adsorption of gold thiosulfate complex. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2026;734: 139337. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.139337.
- Jia Z, Huang J, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Cheng J, Zhao Z. et al. Medium-low temperature coal tar pitch based activated carbon prepared by self-pressurised modification and thermal conversion combined of activation for efficient phenol adsorption. J Analytical Appl Pyrolysis. 2026;196:107723. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107723.
- Song G, Deng R, Yao Z, Chen H, Romero C, Lowe T. et al. Anthracite coal-based activated carbon for elemental Hg adsorption in T simulated flue gas: Preparation and evaluation. Fuel. 2020;275:1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117921.
- Shahid F, Marshall M, Chaffee AL. Active carbon monoliths from soft brown coal: A systematic study of their preparation, pore structure modification and characterisation. J Industrial Eng Chem. 2024;132:424-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.11.035.
- Liu X, Li Q, Zhang G, Zheng Y, Zhao Y. Preparation of activated carbon from Guhanshan coal and its effect on methane adsorption thermodynamics at different temperatures. Powder Technol. 2022;395:424-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.09.076.
- ASTM International. Standard test method for moisture in the analysis sample of coal and coke. ASTM D3173-87. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International; 1987. Available from: https://dn711100.ca.archive.org/0/items/gov.law.astm.d3173.1987/astm.d3173.1987.pdf.
- BSI. Methods for analysis and testing of coal and coke - Proximate analysis: Determination of volatile matter content. BS 1016-104.3:1991. London: British Standards Institution. Available from: https://www.intertekinform.com/en-au/standards/bs-1016-104-3-1998-278790_saig_bsi_bsi_644148/?srsltid=AfmBOopRydPjTkKARWexWyYTNkuS6_ETCzgODGUStGAxd89DHackdfgT.
- ASTM International. Standard test method for ash in the analysis sample of coal and coke. ASTM D3174-18. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International; 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D3174-18.
- ASTM International. Standard practice for proximate analysis of coal and coke. ASTM D3172-13(2021)e1.West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International; 2021. DOI: 10.1520/D3172-13R21E01.
- ASTM International. Standard test method for determination of iodine number of activated carbon. ASTM D4607-94. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International; 1994. DOI: 10.1520/D4607-94.
- Xu Q, Huang L, Guan, Yang S, Dong W, Guo Y. et al. Kinetic and thermal effects of various stages in the process of coal-based activated carbon spontaneous combustion after activation pretreatment. Fuel. 2026;413:138197. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138197.
- Yan F, Chen H, Chi T, Lu J, Shen X, Xie F. et al. Highly efficient and regenerable amine-impregnated adsorbents: Mechanistic insights into glycerol modification for enhanced direct air capture. Chem Eng J. 2025;520:166450. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166450.
- Medina OE, Mazo-Suarez C, Forero A, Franco CA, Cortes FB. Cyclic regeneration of Cu- and Ag-modified SiO2-based nanomaterials: impact of atmosphere on sulfur removal and hydrogen yield from heavy crude oil. Molecular Catalysis. 2026;588:115453. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115453.
- Chen G, Liu M, Wang W, Li Z, Huang F, Wang X. et al. Hydrothermal cyclic regeneration performance and synergistic pollutant degradation of spent activated carbon from water purification. J Water Process Eng. 2025;77:108444. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108444.
Language: English
Page range: 247 - 262
Published on: Jul 14, 2026
Published by: Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Related subjects:
© 2026 Esthi Kusdarini, Defri Apriliyanto, Agus Budianto, published by Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.