Elimination of Mixture of Dyes from Simulated Wastewater by Three-Dimentional Electro-Fenton Process: Utilising Alum Sludge as a Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Catalyst
By: Huda Jaber and Rasha Salman
References
- Peixing L, Feng Ch, Ke Sh, Weiguo L. Water jacket and slot optimization of a water-cooling permanent Magnet synchronous in-wheel motor. IEEE Trans Ind Appl. 2021;57(3):2431-9. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2021.3064779.
- Qun W, Xueli G, Yushan Z, Jian W, Yuan X, Zhiyong J, et al. Alleviation of water flux decline in osmotic dilution by concentration-dependent hydraulic pressurization. Chem Eng Res Des. 2017;117:593-603. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.11.023.
- Rana K, Şifa D. Medium-high frequency ultrasound and ozone based advanced oxidation for amoxicillin removal in water. Ultrason Sonochem. 2018;40:131-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.033.
- Claude AF, Oh SP. Key physical processes in the circumgalactic medium. Annu Rev Astron Astrophys. 2023;61:131-95. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-125203.
- Ali H, Lynn P. A technical review of emerging technologies for energy and water efficiency and pollution reduction in the textile industry. J Clean Prod. 2015;95:30-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.079.
- Teshale A, Amare TA, Esayas A. Textile industry effluent treatment techniques teshale. J Chem. 2021:5314404. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5314404.
- Gupta VK, Suhas. Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal - A review. J Environ Manage. 2009;90(80):2313-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.017.
- Kakalejčíková S, Bazel Y, Drábiková M, Fizer M. Fluorimetric determination of eosin Y in water samples and drinks using deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction. Molecules. 2025;30(16):3334. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30163334.
- Tkaczyk-Wlizło A, Mitrowska K, Błądek T. Quanti fi cation of twenty pharmacologically active dyes in water samples using UPLC-MS / MS. Heliyon. 2022;8:e09331. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09331.
- Al-zaban MI, Alharbi NK, Albarakaty FM, Alharthi S, Sedky HAH, Mustafa AF. Experimental modeling investigations on the biosorption of methyl violet 2B dye by the brown seaweed cystoseira tamariscifolia. Sustainability. 2022;14. DOI: 10.3390/su14095285.
- Kiattisaksiri P, Noppakhun P. Combination of coagulation and VUV+H2O2 for the treatment of color and organic matter in treated effluent wastewater from a sugar factory. Appl Sci Eng Progress. 2023. DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2022.08.002.
- Shahedi A, Darban AK, Taghipour F, Jamshidi-Zanjani A. A review on industrial wastewater treatment via electrocoagulation processes. Curr Opin Electrochem. 2020;22:154-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2020.05.009.
- Al-Jubouri SM, Salman RH, Entisar MK, Abbas AS, Al-Alawy AF, Sajad YK, et al. Multicomponent equilibrium isotherms and kinetics study of heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions using electrocoagulation combined with mordenite zeolite and ultrasonication. Appl Sci Eng Process. 2025;18(1):7484. DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.011.
- Al-Mashhadani ESM, Al-Mashhadani MKH, Al-Maari MA. Biosorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP) using the waste of extraction process of microalgae: The equilibrium isotherm and kinetic study. Iraqi J Chem Petrol Eng. 2023;24(4):1-15. DOI: 10.31699/IJCPE.2023.4.1.
- Supitchaya J, Sumana S, Thunyalux R. Performance and pathway of 4-chloroaniline degradation: A comparative study of electro-peroxone, ozonation, and electrolysis processes. Appl Sci Eng Process. 2025;19(1):7777. DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2025.05.009.
- Alkarbouly SM, Basma IW. Fabrication of electrospun nanofibers membrane for emulsified oil removal from oily wastewater. Baghdad Sci J. 2022;19(6):1238-48. DOI: 10.21123/bsj.2022.6421.
- Muthanna JA. Adsorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from aqueous solution using activated carbons: Review. J Environ Manage. 2017;190:274-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.073.
- Baybars AF, Mustafa K, Cengiz Ö. Application of nonlinear regression analysis for methyl violet (MV) dye adsorption from solutions onto illite clay. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2016;37(7):991-1001. DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1077455.
- Lokesh KA, Raj KO, Debraj B. Treatment of marigold flower processing wastewater using a sequential biological-electrochemical process. Appl Sci Eng Process. 2021;14(3):525-42. DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2021.04.001.
- Dongbao S, Junfeng L, Zhaoyang W, Chun Z. Performance of graphite felt as anodes in the electro-Fenton oxidation systems: Changes in catalysis, conductivity and adsorption properties. Appl Surf Sci. 2020;532:147450. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147450.
- Dakhil IH, Abbas AS. Challenges and future directions in photoelectro-Fenton techniques: A comprehensive review of emerging applications and innovations. Iraqi J Chem Petrol Eng. 2025;26(3):63-83. DOI: 10.31699/IJCPE.2025.3.7.
- Buftia G, Rosales E, Pazos M, Lazar G, Sanromán MA. Electro-Fenton process for implementation of acid black liquor waste treatment. Sci Total Environ. 2018;635:397-404. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.139.
- Umar M, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS. Trends in the use of Fenton, electro-Fenton and photo-Fenton for the treatment of landfill leachate. Waste Manage. 2010;30(11):2113-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.07.003.
- Babuponnusami A, Muthukumar K. Advanced oxidation of phenol: A comparison between Fenton, electro-Fenton, sono-electro-Fenton and photo-electro-Fenton processes. Chem Eng J. 2012;183:1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.12.010.
- Bedolla-Guzman A, Sirés I, Thiam A, Peralta-Hernández JM, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Brillas E. Application of anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton and UVA photoelectro-Fenton to decolorize and mineralize acidic solutions of reactive Yellow 160 azo dye. Electrochim Acta. 2016;206:307-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.166.
- He H, Zhou Z. Electro-Fenton process for water and wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 2017;47(21):2100-31. DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2017.1405673.
- Zhang H, Yang Y, Ren D, Wang L, He X. Graphite as anode materials: Fundamental mechanism, recent progress and advances. Energy Storage Mater. 2021;36:147-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.12.027.
- Ghjair AY, Abbar AH. Removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from hospital wastewater by electro fenton process using graphite-graphite electrochemical system. Al-Qadisiyah J Eng Sci. 2022;15(1):23-31. DOI: 10.30772/qjes.v15i1.809.
- Panizza M, Oturan MA. Degradation of Alizarin red by electro-Fenton process using a graphite-felt cathode. Electrochim Acta. 2011;56(20):7084-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.105.
- Petrucci E, Pozzo AD, Palma LD. On the ability to electrogenerate hydrogen peroxide and to regenerate ferrous ions of three selected carbon-based cathodes for electro-Fenton processes. Chem Eng J. 2016;283:750-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.030.
- Chun Z, Bin S, Zakaria AM, Yuanyuan L, Xinlin H, Jungeng L, et al. Activated carbon fiber (ACF) enhances the UV/EF system to remove nitrobenzene in water. Sep Purif Technol. 2017;187:397-406. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.05.030.
- Yang S, Li L, Xiao T, Zheng D, Zhang Y. Role of surface chemistry in modified ACF (activated carbon fiber)-catalyzed peroxymonosulfate oxidation. Appl Surf Sci. 2016;383:142-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.163.
- Zhu Y, Qiu S, Deng F, Ma F, Li G, Zheng Y. Three-dimensional nickel foam electrode for efficient electro-Fenton in a novel reactor. Environ Technol. 2018;0(0):1-36. DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1509890.
- Jeon EK, Ryu S, Park SW, Wang L, Tsang DCW, Baek K. Enhanced adsorption of arsenic onto alum sludge modified by calcination. Elsevier Ltd. 2018; 176. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.153.
- Yang Y, Ma C, He X, Li J, Li M, Wang J. Calcined aluminum sludge as a heterogeneous Fenton - like catalyst for methylene blue degradation by three-dimensional electrochemical system. Electrocatalysis. 2021;12:698-714. DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00684-5.
- Thawini HH, Salman RH, Abdul-Majeed WS. Performance of electro-Fenton process for phenol degradation using nickel foam as a cathode. Iraqi J Chem Petrol Eng. 2023;24(3):13-25. DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2023.3.2.
- Lindner A, Radinger H, Scheiba F, Ehrenberg H. Structure-activity correlation of thermally activated graphite electrodes for vanadium flow batteries. RSC Adv. 2022;12(22):14119-26. DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02368g.
- Özkul E, Karabacakoğlu B. Removal of Sumifix Yellow EXF reactive azo dye by electro-Fenton method. J Turkish Chem Soc Sect A Chem. 2023;10(3):719-28. DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1226203.
- Mcyotto F, Wei Q, Macharia DK, Huang M, Shen C, Chow CWK. Effect of dye structure on color removal efficiency by coagulation. Chem Eng J. 2020;405:126674. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126674.
- Rubi RVC, Olay JG, Caleon PBG, De Jesus RAF, Indab MBL, Jacinto RCH, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of diazinon in g-C3N4/Fe(III)/Persulfate system under visible LED light irradiation. Appl Sci Eng Process. 2021;14(1):100-7. DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2020.12.008.
- Zhou L, Li J, Li F, Meng Q, Jing L, Xu X. Energy consumption model and energy efficiency of machine tools: a comprehensive literature review. J Clean Prod. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.093.
- Theydan SK, Mohammed WT. An electrocoagulation process operated at batch recirculation mode for treatment of refinery wastewaters: Optimization via response surface methodology. Egypt J Chem. 2022;65(131):1361-72. DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2022.146203.6361.
- Henson RN. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) In: Toga AW, editor. Brain Mapping. Academic Press; 2015:477-81. ISBN: 9780123973160. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00319-5.
- Hameed ZM, Salman RH. Optimizing methyl orange degradation via electro-Fenton with copper foam cathode: A comparative approach using iron waste vs. iron salts and exploring catalyst and cathode durability. Appl Sci Eng Process. 2025;18(4):7728. DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2025.05.002.
- Demirel C, Kabutey A, Herák D, Sedlaček A, Mizera Č, Dajbych O. Using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology for optimizing rapeseed oil expression parameters under heating and freezing conditions. Processes. 2022;10(3). DOI: 10.3390/pr10030490.
- Hameed ZM, Salman RH. Elimination of methyl orange dye with three dimensional electro-Fenton and sono-electro-Fenton systems utilizing copper foam and activated carbon. Ecol Eng Environ Technol. 2024;25(10):44-59. DOI: 10.12912/27197050/191199.
- Al-Khafaji RQ, Mohammed AHAK. Optimization of continuous electro-Fenton and photo electro-Fenton processes to treat Iraqi oilfield produced water using surface response methodology. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2019;518(6). DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/518/6/062007.
- Dolatabadi M, Świergosz T, Ahmadzadeh S. Electro-Fenton approach in oxidative degradation of dimethyl phthalate - The treatment of aqueous leachate from landfills. Sci Total Environ. 2021.772. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145323.
- Ghoneim MM, El-Desoky HS, Zidan NM. Electro-Fenton oxidation of Sunset Yellow FCF azo-dye in aqueous solutions. Desalination. 2011;274(1-3):22-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.062.
- Mahmud HNME, Huq AKO, Yahya RB. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater/aqueous solution by polypyrrole-based adsorbents: A review. RSC Adv. 2016;6:14778-91. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA24358K.
Language: English
Page range: 81 - 95
Published on: Apr 18, 2026
Published by: Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Huda Jaber, Rasha Salman, published by Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.