Abstract
As an important natural and cultural landscape in Europe, the Rhine basin is both an expression of ecological values and an important carrier of cultural memory. However, with increasing urbanisation and globalisation, its local landscapes and ecosystems are under threat. This study focuses on exploring the dual role of local landscapes in spatial memory and sustainable development. Through visual landscape analysis, cultural narrative coding, VR modelling and questionnaire survey, the study found that the visual attractiveness and cultural significance of ecological landscapes can significantly enhance spatial memory, and that VR technology can increase public awareness and participation in conservation through immersive experiences. By employing Carbon Sink Capacity Analysis Model and Water Resource Regulation Model, this study found that the area around the cultural landmarks is particularly strong in terms of carbon sinks, water regulation and other ecological functions. This study provides a new theoretical framework and practical way forward for landscape conservation and ecological education.