References
- Aminov R. A brief history of the antibiotic era: lessons learned and challenges for the future. 10.3389/ fmicb.2010.00134
- Oliem S, Noor S, Bushara S, Ahmed M, Elmadhoun W. The Irrational Use of Antibiotics Among Doctors, Pharmacists and the Public in River Nile State, Sudan. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;10.18502/sjms.v14i4.5909
- Elfaki A. Assessment of Antibiotics prescription in Hospitalized Patients at Elobeid Hospital, Sudan. Sudan JMS 2009;4(3)
- Elhada A, Eltayeb I, Mudawi M. PATTERN OF SELF-MEDICATION WITH ANTIBIOTICS IN KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2014; 678-692
- Sanchez M, Vallina-Victorero M, Bachiller M, Arbizu R, Llaneza E, Rozada S, et al. Variability in the community consumption of antibiotics: a problem in Europe, Spain and Asturias. Le Infezioni in Medicina, n 2019; 2, 134-140
- Ahmed S, Abdelrahman S, Saad D, Osman I, Osman M, Khalil E. Etiological Trends and Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance in Respiratory Infections. The Open Microbiology Journal 2018; 12, 34-40
- Ahmed A, Osman H, Mansour A, Musa H, Ahmed A, Karrar Z, et al. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS WITH DIARRHEA AND URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE SUDAN. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 2000; 259–263
- Elbur A, Yousif M, El Sayed A, Abdel-Rahman M. Misuse of prophylactic antibiotics and prevalence of postoperative wound infection in obstetrics and gynecology department in a Sudanese hospital. Health 2014; 158-164
- Bell B, Schellevis F, Stobberingh E, Goossens H, Pringle M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC 2014; 1471-2334/14/13
- Toy T, Pak G, Duk T, Campbell J, El Tayeb M, Kalckreuth V, et al. Multicountry Distribution and Characterization of Extended-spectrum β-Lactamase–associated Gram-negative Bacteria From Bloodstream Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2019; 69(S6):S449–58
- Tadesse B, Ashley E, Ongarello S, Havumaki J, Wijegoonewardena M, González I, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review. BMC Infectious Diseases 2017; 17:616
- Mouiche M, Moffo F, Akoachere J, Okah-Nnane N, Mapiefou N, Ndze V, et al. Antimicrobial resistance from a one health perspective in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1135
- Escudeiro P, Pothier J, Dionisio F, Nogueira T. Antibiotic resistance gene diversity and virulence gene diversity are correlated in human gut and environmental microbiomes. mSphere 2019; 4:e00135-19
- Akova I, Baquero F, Carlet J, Cavaleri M, Coenen S, Cohen J, et al. The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: science for intervention. New Microbe and New Infect 2015; 6: 22–29
- Pearson M, Chandler C. Knowing antimicrobial resistance in practice: a multi-country qualitative study with human and animal healthcare professionals. GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION 2019;1599560
- Mboya E, Sanga L, Ngocho J. Irrational use of antibiotics in the Moshi Municipality Northern Tanzania: a cross sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal 2018;31:165.
- Akinyandenu O, Akinyandenu A. Irrational use and non-prescription sale of antibiotics in Nigeria: A need for change. Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 2014; 3 (2): 251-257
- Machowska A, Lundborg C. Drivers of Irrational Use of Antibiotics in Europe. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019;16, 27
- Abdulah R. Antibiotic Abuse in Developing Countries. Pharmaceut Reg Affairs 2012; 1000e106
- Saleem Z, Saeed H, Hassali M, Godman B, Asif U, Yousaf M, et al. Pattern of inappropriate antibiotic use among hospitalized patients in Pakistan: a longitudinal surveillance and implications. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 2019; 8:188
- Achong M, Hauser B, Krusky J. Rational and irrational use of antibiotics in a Canadian teaching hospital. CMA JOURNAL/FEBRUARY 2015; 1977/VOL. 116
- Ibrahim M, Bilal N, Hamid M. Comparison of Phenotypic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Clinical Escherichia coli Collected From Two Unrelated Geographical Areas. Global Journal of Health Science 2014; 1916-9736
- Walker GT, Quan J, Higgins SG, Toraskar N, Chang W, Saeed A, et al. Predicting antibiotic resistance in Gramnegative bacilli from resistance genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02462-18.
- Remschmidt C, Schneider S, Meyer E, Schroeren-Boersch B, Gastmeier P, Schwab F. Surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance in intensive care units (SARI)—a 15-year cohort study. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017; 114: 858–65
- Facciola A, Riso R, Avventuros E, Visalli G, Delia S, Lagana P. Campylobacter: from microbiology to prevention. J PREV MED HYG 2017; 58: E79-E92
- Abbas M, Sharif F, Osman S, Osman A, El Sanousi S, Magzoub M, et al. Prevalence and Associated Symptoms of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Schoolchildren in Kassala State, East of Sudan. Hindawi Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2018; 4325752
- Jaka H, Rhee J, Östlundh L, Smart L, Peck R, Mueller A, et al. The magnitude of antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori in Africa and identified mutations which confer resistance to antibiotics: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 2018; 18:193
- Mabeku L, Bille B, Zemnou C, Nguefack L, Leundji F. Road spectrum resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric biopsies of patients with dyspepsia in Cameroon and efflux-mediated multiresistance detection in MDR isolates. BMC Infectious Diseases 2019; 19:880