Preeclampsia: A Review of Contemporary Concepts

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation, associated with proteinuria or signs of maternal organ dysfunction and/or placental dysfunction. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of contemporary knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, prevention strategies, and therapeutic approaches in preeclampsia through analysis of current literature in this field. The literature for this review article was identified through searches of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for the period 2021–2025. Appropriate keywords and MeSH terms related to preeclampsia and biomarkers were used, with particular emphasis on angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. The analysis included original studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews. The selected studies were critically analyzed and synthesized to provide a concise and relevant overview of current knowledge on preeclampsia and the use of biomarkers in pregnancy. All healthcare institutions involved in the medical care of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders should implement standardized treatment protocols, regularly review them, and conduct periodic clinical evaluations of outcomes of such management on pregnancy outcomes.