Selected Genetic Polymorphisms and their Association with Pre-Eclampsia: A Meta-Analysis and Power Analysis

Sharon Benita Stephen; Rozario Cyril; Dapkupar Wankhar; M.K Anbumozhi; M. Muthuselvi; Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj

doi:10.2478/eabr-2025-0020

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Selected Genetic Polymorphisms and their Association with Pre-Eclampsia: A Meta-Analysis and Power Analysis

EABR. Experimental and Applied Biomedical Research

Volume 26 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)

By: Sharon Benita Stephen, Rozario Cyril, Dapkupar Wankhar, M.K Anbumozhi, M. Muthuselvi and Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj

Open Access

|Feb 2026

Figures & Tables

Forest plot for the association of IL1A (rs17561) gene polymorphism with PE risk (a) allelic, (b) recessive, (c) dominant, and (d) over-dominant model.

Forest plot for the association of IFN-γ (rs2430561) gene polymorphism with PE risk (a) allelic, (b) recessive, (c) dominant, and (d) over-dominant model.

Forest plot for the association of STOX1 (rs1341667) gene polymorphism with PE risk (a) allelic, (b) recessive, (c) dominant, and (d) over-dominant model.

Forest plot for the association of PPAR-γ (rs1801282) gene polymorphism with PE risk (a) allelic, (b) recessive, (c) dominant, and (d) over-dominant model.

Sensitivity analysis for IL1A (rs17561) among PE cases and controls in all genetic models.

Sensitivity analysis for IFN-γ (rs2430561) among PE cases and controls in all genetic models.

Sensitivity analysis for STOX1 (rs1341667) among PE cases and controls in all genetic models.

Sensitivity analysis for PPAR-γ (rs1801282) among PE cases and controls in all genetic models.

The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the selected genes associated with PE. We present the total clusters of the PPI network, featuring 8 nodes and 7 edges.

Circos plot visually represents the chromosomal relationships among the selected SNPs, focusing on IL1A (rs17561).

Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies for the association of IL1A rs17561, IFN-γ rs2430561, STOX1 rs1341667, and PPAR-γ rs1801282 gene polymorphism with PE

Gene	Study	Ethnicity	Country	PE Cases			Controls			HWE P-value	HWE adjusted P-value	NOS Score
				AC_Cases	CC_Cases	AA_Cases	AC_Controls	CC_Controls	AA_Controls
*IL1A rs (17561)*	Li et al., 2014^[5]	Asian	China	53	344	5	111	436	7	0	0	8
	Andraweera et al., 2016^[10]	Asian	Sri Lanka	77	79	16	92	60	16	0.1865	0.1865	7
	Wu et al., 2017^[11]	Asian	China	15	76	0	39	192	1	0	0	7
				TT_Cases	TA_Cases	AA_Cases	TT_Controls	TA_Controls	AA_Controls
*IFN-γ (rs2430561)*	Kamali-Sarvestani et al., 2006^[12]	Asian	Iran	21	66	42	30	78	53	0.8903	0.8903	6
	Daher et al., 2006^[13]	Brazil	6	25	24	22	38	29	0.1842	0.8776	7
	Daher et al., 2006^[13]	Brazil	9	52	34	17	43	36	0.5075	0.8776	8
	De Lima et al., 2009^[14]	Caucasian	Brazil	7	46	32	18	45	33	0.7021	0.8776	8
	Pinheiro et al., 2015^[15]	Caucasian	Brazil	33	51	32	5	40	62	0.6497	0.8776	7
				TT_Cases	TC_Cases	CC_Cases	TT_Controls	TC_Controls	CC_Controls
*STOX1 (rs1341667)*	Kim et al., 2009^[18]	Asian	Korea	155	42	5	150	53	1	0.1041	0.4164	7
	Fenstad et al., 2010^[19]	Caucasian	Norway	124	450	412	245	931	840	0.5981	0.9707	7
	Pinarbasi et al., 2020^[20]	Asian	Turkey	108	280	112	143	249	108	0.9839	0.9839	7
	Bildirici et al., 2023^[17]	Asian	Turkey	10	31	9	18	23	9	0.728	0.9707	8
				CC_Cases	CG_Cases	GG_Cases	CC_Controls	CG_Controls	GG_Controls
*PPAR-γ (rs1801282)*	Laasanen et al., 2002^[16]	Caucasian	Finland	95	36	2	76	34	5	0.6334	0.6334	8
	Ghorbani et al., 2021^[21]	Asian	Iran	75	25	0	77	23	0	0.1938	0.5814	6
	Liu et al., 2021^[9]	Caucasian	France	26	8	1	1297	301	15	0.5922	0.6334	8

* HWE – Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Table 2.

Subgroup analysis for the association of IFN-γ rs2430561 gene polymorphism with PE

Table 3.

Subgroup analysis for the association of STOX1 rs1341667 gene polymorphism with PE.

Model	Ethnicity	Number of studies	OR	Test of association 95% CI	p-value	Model	Test of heterogeneity p-value	I²
Allele contrast (A vs. a)	Overall	4	0.9573	[0.8739; 1.0486]	0.347607	Fixed	0.3168	0.1503
	Asian	3	0.8704	[0.7456; 1.0162]	0.079072	Fixed	0.5181	0
	Caucasian	1	1.0067	[0.8994; 1.1268]	0.907561	Fixed	NA	NA
Recessive model (AA vs. Aa+aa)	Overall	4	0.8644	[0.6250; 1.1955]	0.378488	Random	0.0343	0.6532
	Asian	3	0.7751	[0.4843; 1.2405]	0.288338	Random	0.0621	0.6401
	Caucasian	1	1.0398	[0.8255; 1.3098]	0.740104	Fixed	NA	NA
Dominant model (AA+Aa vs. aa)	Overall	4	0.9803	[0.8559; 1.1229]	0.774395	Fixed	0.5249	0
	Asian	3	0.9317	[0.7009; 1.2385]	0.626105	Fixed	0.354	0.0371
	Caucasian	1	0.9951	[0.8527; 1.1614]	0.950762	Fixed	NA	NA
Overdominant (Aa vs. AA+aa)	Overall	4	1.0762	[0.8331; 1.3902]	0.574082	Random	0.0561	0.603
	Asian	3	1.1554	[0.7391; 1.8061]	0.526314	Random	0.0609	0.6426
	Caucasian	1	0.9784	[0.8397; 1.1400]	0.779761	Fixed	NA	NA
pairwise 1 (AA vs. aa)	Overall	4	0.9008	[0.7371; 1.0998]	0.303905	Fixed	0.1801	0.3863
	Asian	3	0.69	[0.4893; 0.9731]	0.034376	Fixed	0.4948	0
	Caucasian	1	1.0319	[0.8068; 1.3198]	0.802505	Fixed	NA	NA
pairwise 2 (AA vs. Aa)	Overall	4	0.8681	[0.6008; 1.2544]	0.451454	Random	0.0171	0.7051
	Asian	3	0.7741	[0.4391; 1.3646]	0.376068	Random	0.0244	0.7308
	Caucasian	1	1.0471	[0.8208; 1.3359]	0.711047	Fixed	NA	NA
pairwise 3 (Aa vs. aa)	Overall	4	1.0029	[0.8692; 1.1572]	0.968297	Fixed	0.3458	0.0946
	Asian	3	1.0639	[0.7889; 1.4347]	0.684766	Fixed	0.2102	0.3588
	Caucasian	1	0.9855	[0.8373; 1.1599]	0.860306	Fixed	NA	NA

* OR - Odds Ratio; ^*I² – Heterogeneity; ^*CI – Confidence Interval.

Table 4.

Subgroup analysis for association of PPAR-γ rs1801282 gene polymorphism with PE.

Model	Ethnicity	Number of studies	OR	Test of association 95% Cl	p-value	Model	Test of heterogeneity p-value	I²
Allele contrast (A vs. a)	Overall	3	1.0252	[0.7404; 1.4197]	0.880652	Fixed	0.2569	0.2642
	Asian	1	0.9096	[0.4974; 1.6634]	0.758349	Fixed	NA	NA
	Caucasian	2	1.0768	[0.7316; 1.5849]	0.707445	Fixed	0.1135	0.6008
Recessive model (AA vs. Aa+aa)	Overall	3	1.0002	[0.6944; 1.4408]	0.999026	Fixed	0.4203	0
	Asian	1	0.8961	[0.4681; 1.7156]	0.740601	Fixed	NA	NA
	Caucasian	2	1.0523	[0.6769; 1.6358]	0.820909	Fixed	0.2098	0.3641
Dominant model (AA+Aa vs. aa)	Overall	2	1.0613	[0.1197; 9.4081]	0.957354	Random	0.0973	0.6364
	Asian	0	NA			Fixed	NA	NA
	Caucasian	2	1.0613	[0.1197; 9.4081]	0.957354	Random	0.0973	0.6364
Overdominant (Aa vs. AA + aa)	Overall	3	1.0367	[0.7141; 1.5050]	0.849601	Fixed	0.7199	0
	Asian	1	1.1159	[0.5829; 2.1365]	0.740601	Fixed	NA	NA
	Caucasian	2	0.9999	[0.6343; 1.5762]	0.999641	Fixed	0.4449	0
pairwl (AA vs. aa)	Overall	2	1.0518	[0.1067; 10.3726]	0.965492	Random	0.0835	0.6662
	Asian	0	NA			Fixed	NA	NA
	Caucasian	2	1.0518	[0.1067; 10.3726]	0.965492	Random	0.0835	0.6662
pairw2 (AA vs. Aa)	Overall	3	0.9773	[0.6723; 1.4208]	0.904274	Fixed	0.6343	0
	Asian	1	0.8961	[0.4681; 1.7156]	0.740601	Fixed	NA	NA
	Caucasian	2	1.0203	[0.6456; 1.6127]	0.931304	Fixed	0.3687	0
pairw3 (Aa vs. aa)	Overall	2	1.2702	[0.3345; 4.8237]	0.725342	Fixed	0.1755	0.4553
	Asian	0	NA			Fixed	NA	NA
	Caucasian	2	1.2702	[0.3345; 4.8237]	0.725342	Fixed	0.1755	0.4553

* OR - Odds Ratio; ^*I² – Heterogeneity; ^*CI – Confidence Interval.

Table 5.

Emphasizing the importance of determining an appropriate sample size is crucial for accurately evaluating statistical significance and ensuring the reliability of findings in genetic association studies, especially when investigating specific polymorphisms. The estimation of sample size plays a pivotal role in determining the statistical power of these studies

Gene	SNP	No. of Studies	Cases	Control	α err prob	Power (1-β err prob)
*IL1A*	rs17561	3	665	954	0.02303	0.9
*IFN-γ*	rs2430561	5	480	549	0.05343	0.9
*STOX1*	rs1341667	4	1738	2770	0.000495	0.9
*PPAR-γ*	rs1801282	3	268	1828	0.06146	0.9

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eabr-2025-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2956-2090 (formerly 2335-075X, 2956-0454) | Journal ISSN: 2956-0454 (formerly 1820-8665)

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Language: English

Page range: 399 - 415

Submitted on: Jul 31, 2025

Accepted on: Nov 15, 2025

Published on: Feb 25, 2026

Published by: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Pre-eclampsia,

Gene Polymorphism,

IL1A,

IFN-γ,

STOX1,

PPAR-γ

UDC:

618.3:616.12-008.331.1

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Clinical medicine, other

© 2026 Sharon Benita Stephen, Rozario Cyril, Dapkupar Wankhar, M.K Anbumozhi, M. Muthuselvi, Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj, published by University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 26 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)

Selected Genetic Polymorphisms and their Association with Pre-Eclampsia: A Meta-Analysis and Power Analysis

Figures & Tables

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Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

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