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Figure 5
Characteristics of types (models) of the welfare state
| Welfare state type | Residual | Performance-related | Institutional |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | liberal | conservative | social-democratic |
| the state’s responsibility for fulfilling the needs | minimum | optimum | complete |
| distribution according to the needs | marginal | secondary | primary |
| range of obligatorily provided services | limited | extensive | complete |
| population covered obligatorily by provided services | minority | majority | everyone |
| amount of contributions | low | medium | high |
| part of the national income intended for the state services | low | medium | high |
| neediness examination | primary | secondary | marginal |
| nature of the society’s clients | the poor | citizens | members |
| clients’ status | low | medium | high |
| specific country – example | United Kingdom | Germany | Sweden |