Waterpipe Tobaccos, Part I. Composition of Forty Brand-Styles of Contemporary Waterpipe Tobacco Available on the US Market in 2020–2022

	Report Date (mmm-yy)	Sep-20	Sep-20	Sep-20	Aug-20	Apr-20	Apr-20	Sep-20	Aug-20	Aug-20	Aug-20	Aug-20	Aug-20	Sep-20	Apr-21	Apr-21	Jun-21	Sep-20	Sep-20	Sep-20	Sep-20	Sep-20	Feb-21	Feb-21	Feb-21	Feb-21	Feb-21	Feb-22	Feb-22	Feb-22	Sep-20	Sep-20	Sep-20	Apr-20	Apr-20	Apr-20	Apr-20	Apr-20	Jan-21	Jan-21	Jan-21	Dez-20	Apr-20	Apr-20	Apr-20
1	Mfg.	M1	M1	M1	M2	M2	M2	M2	M3	M3	M3	M3	M3	M4	M4	M4	M4	M5	M6	M7	M7	M8	M8	M8	M8	M8	M8	M8	M8	M8	M9	M9	M9	M10	M11	M11	M11	M11	M12	M13	M13	Surrogate	Surrogate	Leaf	Leaf
2	Shisha Flavor	Lemon	Lemon/mint	Berry	NR	NR	Melon	Melon	Mint	Berry/mint	Fruit/mint	Melon/mint	Fruit	Vanilla	Vanilla/mint	Fruit/guava	Vanilla/mint	Vanilla	Vanilla	Vanilla	Apple	Lemon/mint	Banana	Apple	Grape	Guava	Berry	Apple	Lemon/mint	Candy	Lemon/mint	Apple	Melon	Lemon/mint	Mint	Cucumber	Mint	Vanilla Mint	Apple	Apple	Berry	Unflavored	Unflavored	Tobacco	Tobacco
3	SIZE	1 kg	1 kg	1 kg	NR	NR	NR	100 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	50 g	50 g	50 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	100 g	100 g	100 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	250 g	NA	NA	NA	NA
4	FC or DAC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	FC	DAC	DAC	DAC	FC	DAC	FC	DAC
5	VG (%)	42.8	46.3	39.0	31.9	30.7	27.2	29.3	53.8	50.8	52.2	48.5	48.5	70.3	56.8	57.5	42.6	41.1	30.1	41.3	43.8	42.2	41.3	43.2	37.1	38.3	37.6	32.8	33.1	29.9	44.3	46.1	44.5	46.2	32.6	35.1	35.9	34.4	54.9	67.3	42.6	52.3	54.0	BQL	BQL
6	PG (%)	0.987	3.05	5.77	24.8	NR	30.3	28.4	2.26	3.26	2.50	2.07	1.08	4.29	4.98	4.04	4.07	3.17	8.43	7.83	2.86	BQL	2.01	BQL	7.55	7.36	7.31	0.521	0.289	0.504	BQL	1.38	1.37	NR	2.19	1.44	4.10	1.50	2.20	1.31	4.97	8.66	8.17	BQL	BQL
7	H2O (%)	9.50	10.2	9.30	5.86	7.85	8.08	15.0	9.55	9.75	9.68	9.32	9.52	5.21	9.64	8.96	12.5	10.0	13.9	14.2	13.5	9.08	11.0	11.0	11.1	10.1	9.76	11.9	11.3	10.6	12.2	11.9	12.0	10.1	12.74	12.95	12.43	12.84	10.7	9.71	14.7	14.0	13.3	10.2	11.3
8	VG+PG+H2O (%)	53.3	59.6	54.1	62.6	NM	65.6	72.7	65.6	63.8	64.4	52.6	59.1	79.8	71.4	70.5	59.2	54.3	52.4	63.3	60.2	51.3	54.3	54.2	55.8	55.8	54.7	45.2	44.7	41.0	56.5	59.4	57.9	NM	47.5	49.5	52.4	48.7	67.8	78.3	62.3	75.0	75.5	NM	NM
9	FRU (%)	8.19	8.66	8.71	2.17	2.80	1.88	1.92	6.92	7.63	7.00	6.40	6.90	0.676	1.75	1.61	2.37	14.4	9.83	6.99	6.79	12.4	17.1	18.9	17.9	14.3	14.4	16.9	18.4	16.5	10.2	10.6	10.6	9.68	28.2	29.1	29.3	28.9	2.98	BQL	0.493	2.39	1.19	7.15	BQL
10	GLU (%)	8.22	8.50	8.87	2.29	3.04	1.57	1.91	9.05	9.42	8.8	8.95	8.4	0.927	3.67	3.46	4.53	9.79	12.1	7.69	7.45	10.8	15.3	15.9	15.2	11.3	11.4	13.9	15.3	15.5	10.7	11.2	11.1	12.2	1.53	1.69	1.26	1.60	3.08	1.04	2.17	2.80	1.22	9.02	BQL
11	FRU+GLU (%)	16.4	17.2	17.6	4.46	5.84	3.45	3.83	16.0	17.1	15.8	15.4	15.3	1.60	5.42	5.07	6.90	24.2	21.9	14.7	14.2	23.2	32.4	34.8	33.1	25.6	25.8	30.8	33.7	32.0	20.9	21.8	21.7	21.9	22.9	23.9	24.9	25.9	6.06	1.04	2.66	5.19	2.41	16.2	NM
12	Major (%)	71.1	77.2	72.0	75.6	NM	79.2	87.1	84.0	83.3	82.6	70.5	76.8	86.4	79.1	77.8	70.7	79.9	75.1	81.5	82.7	75.7	88.3	90.6	90.4	82.7	81.8	77.4	80.0	75.0	79.0	82.9	81.2	NM	71.8	74.6	78.5	75.9	81.4	81.1	67.2	85.9	81.9	NM	NM
13	SUC (%)	1.39	0.410	0.324	8.55	10.2	10.2	10.6	2.36	2.38	2.45	2.42	2.40	5.02	2.24	2.20	4.67	1.46	0.741	3.47	8.33	1.26	1.55	1.63	1.55	1.3	1.29	1.40	1.62	1.99	1.55	1.70	1.61	2.30	1.32	1.21	1.13	1.23	7.55	1.69	2.31	5.79	4.06	10.2	BQL
14	NH3 (μg/g)	11.2	BQL	BQL	57.5	65.0	72.9	BQL	32.2	31.1	30.7	35.2	26.6	23.1	52.7	51.4	70.0	23.7	BQL	44.5	35.6	16.2	35.1	35.7	31.6	9.40	12.6	11.4	23.2	36.7	50.1	30.6	29.7	28.0	36.4	32.7	29.6	34.3	BQL	364	940	38.3	394	BQL	328
15	NIC (mg/g)	1.17	1.33	1.27	1.03	0.945	0.81	0.735	0.939	1.13	1.07	0.895	0.935	0.659	0.924	0.997	1.03	1.11	1.10	0.691	0.792	0.961	0.846	0.788	1.09	2.77	2.81	2.95	0.893	0.588	0.771	0.787	0.804	1.09	1.37	1.38	1.33	1.03	3.07	1.12	2.19	1.27	0.953	7.09	6.04
16	NIC (%)	0.12	0.13	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.28	0.28	0.30	0.09	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.14	0.14	0.13	0.10	0.31	0.11	0.22	0.13	0.10	0.71	0.60
17	pH	4.60	5.25	4.83	5.58	5.40	5.42	5.39	3.98	3.96	3.98	3.97	3.94	5.09	4.97	4.57	5.33	5.60	4.96	5.08	4.49	4.43	4.40	4.78	4.85	5.26	4.98	5.03	5.27	4.28	4.75	5.37	5.29	5.39	4.98	4.87	5.62	4.83	5.24	5.51	5.64	5.89	7.19	5.36	6.52
18	NNN (μg/g)	BQL	0.03	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	0.015	0.013	0.014	0.017	0.017	BQL	0.005	BQL	BQL	0.007	0.022	0.007	0.015	0.006	0.007	0.008	0.008	0.010	0.014	0.019	0.009	BQL	0.010	0.011	0.011	0.010	0.029	0.028	0.027	0.029	0.064	0.396	0.667	0.014	0.845	BQL	4.01
19	NNK (μg/g)	BQL	0.050	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	0.013	0.014	0.015	0.02	0.023	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	0.01	0.039	0.008	0.014	0.006	0.005	0.006	0.006	0.004	0.015	0.017	0.004	BQL	0.007	0.007	0.008	BQL	0.065	0.066	0.062	0.069	0.081	0.07	0.08	0.011	0.09	BQL	0.394
20	As (μg/g)	0.064	0.087	BQL	0.05	BQL	BQL	BQL	0.066	0.061	0.074	0.058	0.055	BQL	BQL	BQL	0.066	BQL	0.053	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	0.053	0.050	BQL	0.056	0.054	0.057	BQL	0.050	0.055	0.055	0.051	0.056	0.086	0.105	0.058	0.088	0.217	0.319
21	Cd (μg/g)	0.533	0.261	0.558	0.648	NR	0.234	0.491	0.242	0.227	0.30	0.019	0.255	0.429	0.489	0.499	0.492	0.393	0.443	0.207	0.149	0.159	0.242	0.235	0.264	0.088	0.14	0.115	0.269	0.307	0.293	0.339	0.298	NR	0.259	0.267	0.262	0.275	0.259	0.166	0.184	0.417	0.149	2.19	0.643
22	Cr (μg/g)	0.169	0.131	0.175	0.098	NR	0.141	0.102	0.064	0.055	0.051	0.056	BQL	0.098	0.258	0.245	0.461	0.063	0.055	0.164	0.131	0.100	0.090	0.099	0.095	0.141	0.171	0.275	0.094	BQL	BQL	BQL	BQL	NR	0.124	0.100	0.100	0.110	0.254	0.831	1.06	0.076	0.505	0.493	3.70
23	Pb (μg/g)	0.085	0.072	0.106	0.071	NR	0.083	0.081	0.169	0.162	0.164	0.127	0.234	BQL	0.094	0.094	0.114	0.133	0.072	0.055	BQL	0.091	0.115	0.106	0.084	0.067	0.096	0.122	0.082	0.097	0.170	0.165	0.126	NR	0.070	0.067	0.068	0.070	0.136	0.304	0.328	0.173	0.202	0.957	0.975

[i] Rows are as follows:

1. Code number for manufacturer
2. Shisha flavor as recorded by the laboratory
3. Package size for the samples received as recorded by the laboratory
4. FC (flue-cured) or DAC (dark air-cured) as determined from the label or other information
5. VG (%) Percent glycerol on an as-received basis
6. PG (%) Percent propylene glycol on an as-received basis
7. H2O (%) Percent water on an as-received basis
8. VG+PG+H2O (%) This value is an indication of the amount of volatile materials in the product
9. FRU (%) Percent fructose on an as-received basis
10. GLU (%) Percent glucose on an as-received basis
11. FRU+GLU (%) This value is an indication of the amount of invert sugar or HFCS added
12. Major (%) This value is an estimate of the percentage of the product that is not tobacco
13. SUC (%) Percent sucrose on an as-received basis
14. NH3 (μg/g) Ammonia content in micrograms per gram on an as-received basis
15. NIC (mg/g) Nicotine content in milligrams per gram on an as-received basis
16. NIC (%) Percent nicotine in an as-received basis
17. pH pH of aqueous extract of product on an as-received basis
18. NNN (μg/g) Nitrosonornicotine content in micrograms per gram on an as-received basis
19. NNK (μg/g) (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone content in micrograms per gram on an as-received basis
20. As (μg/g) Arsenic content in micrograms per gram on an as-received basis
21. Cd (μg/g) Cadmium content in micrograms per gram on an as-received basis
22. Cr (μg/g) Chromium content in micrograms per gram on an as-received basis
23. Pb (μg/g) Lead content in micrograms per gram on an as-received basis

BQL	Results below the limit of quantitation for that analyte
NM	Results of calculation are not meaningful when one or more of the needed values were not reported or below the limit of quantitation for an analyte
NR	Information not reported by the laboratory or analyses were not run.

Table 2.

Analytical data for flue-cured (FC) and dark air-cured (DAC) tobaccos.

Sample	Moisture (%)	Alkaloids (% DWB)	Reducing sugars (% DWB)	Total sugars (% DWB)
FC 1	13.6	0.88	22.1	NR
FC 2	NR	0.82	19.2	29.2
FC 3	12.5	0.97	NR	32
DAC 1	NR	0.80	NR	NR

[i] NR means the laboratory did not report a result for that analyte.

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2024-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2719-9509 (formerly 1612-9237)

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Language: English, French, German

Page range: 148 - 156

Submitted on: Oct 19, 2023

Accepted on: Feb 15, 2024

Published on: Jun 9, 2024

Published by: Beiträge zur Tabakforschung GmbH

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Waterpipe tobacco,

shisha,

hookah tobacco,

flavored tobacco, glycerol,

propylene glycol,

fructose,

glucose,

sucrose,

water,

flue-cured tobacco,

dark air-cured tobacco

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2024 John H. Lauterbach, published by Beiträge zur Tabakforschung GmbH
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

Volume 33 (2024): Issue 2 (April 2024)