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Effects of Varying Tobacco Rod Circumference on Cigarette's Dynamic Ventilation Rate and Combustion State During Machine Smoking

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research
Volume 32 (2023): Issue 3 (July 2023)
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Measurement of the burning line position during smoking. 
Measurement of the burning line position during smoking. 

Figure 2.

Distribution of mainstream smoke volume of a cigarette during puffing.V1 : A mixture of the gas that is being produced in the combustion coal and air that is entering with a puff;V2 : Air volume entering the remaining tobacco rod through the cigarette paper;V3 : Air volume entering through the filter ventilation holes;
Distribution of mainstream smoke volume of a cigarette during puffing.V1 : A mixture of the gas that is being produced in the combustion coal and air that is entering with a puff;V2 : Air volume entering the remaining tobacco rod through the cigarette paper;V3 : Air volume entering through the filter ventilation holes;

Figure 3.

A photo and a schematic diagram of the cigarette ventilation measurement device.a: Soap film flow tube; b: Moveable sealing tube; c: Vacuum pump; d: Flow speed controller.1. Movable piston; 2. Cylindrical cavity; 3. Labyrinth seal; 4. Rubber plug; 5. Labyrinth seal; 6. Cigarette; 7. Two-way valve; 8. Three-way connection parts; 9. Two-way valve; 10. Flow speed controller; 11. Vacuum pump 12. Rubber hose; 13. Soap film flow tube; 14. Rubber ball; 15. Test tube holder; 16. Iron support.
A photo and a schematic diagram of the cigarette ventilation measurement device.a: Soap film flow tube; b: Moveable sealing tube; c: Vacuum pump; d: Flow speed controller.1. Movable piston; 2. Cylindrical cavity; 3. Labyrinth seal; 4. Rubber plug; 5. Labyrinth seal; 6. Cigarette; 7. Two-way valve; 8. Three-way connection parts; 9. Two-way valve; 10. Flow speed controller; 11. Vacuum pump 12. Rubber hose; 13. Soap film flow tube; 14. Rubber ball; 15. Test tube holder; 16. Iron support.

Figure 4.

Total ventilation (ηt) of cigarettes with different circumference in (A) during smoking and (B) unlit as a function of puff number. 
Total ventilation (ηt) of cigarettes with different circumference in (A) during smoking and (B) unlit as a function of puff number. 

Figure 5.

Relative changes of the total ventilation of cigarettes with different circumferences compared to unlit cigarettes as a function of puff number. 
Relative changes of the total ventilation of cigarettes with different circumferences compared to unlit cigarettes as a function of puff number. 

Figure 6.

Variation in total ventilation and filter ventilation of cigarettes with different circumferences during puffing.a No statistically significant effect; b Statistically significant effect.
Variation in total ventilation and filter ventilation of cigarettes with different circumferences during puffing.a No statistically significant effect; b Statistically significant effect.

Figure 7.

Comparison of characteristic temperature parameters of the combustion coal during puff-by-puff smoking of three cigarettes with different circumferences. 
Comparison of characteristic temperature parameters of the combustion coal during puff-by-puff smoking of three cigarettes with different circumferences. 

Figure 8.

TPM and H2O release of cigarettes with different circumferences during puff-by-puff smoking. 
TPM and H2O release of cigarettes with different circumferences during puff-by-puff smoking. 

Figure 9.

The tobacco rod density along the cigarette axis of three cigarettes with different circumferences. 
The tobacco rod density along the cigarette axis of three cigarettes with different circumferences. 

The average paper burning line positions of the three cigarette samples_

Circumference (mm)Lighting puff (mm)Puff 1 (mm)Puff 2 (mm)Puff 3 (mm)Puff 4 (mm)Puff 5 (mm)
1751120304050
205916243237
245816233038

Total ventilation and filter ventilation of cigarettes with different circumferences_

Circumference (mm)Ventilation (%)PuffΔη1 (%)Δη2 (%)
Unlit12345
17Total ventilation34.9 ± 0.945.4 ± 3.042.3 ± 3.636 ± 3.531.3 ± 1.428.4 ± 2.010.517.0
Filter ventilation23.9 ± 2.328.8 ± 2.926.2 ± 2.225.1 ± 3.625.5 ± 3.423.3 ± 2.14.95.5
Cigarette paper ventilation11.016.616.110.95.85.15.611.5
20Total ventilation33.1 ± 1.145.7 ± 2.342.7 ± 3.137.3 ± 3.334.4 ± 2.632.4 ± 2.912.613.3
Filter ventilation24.7 ± 1.626.9 ± 2.125.6 ± 3.724.7 ± 2.924.3 ± 3.223.8 ± 3.32.23.1
Cigarette paper ventilation8.418.817.112.610.18.610.410.2
24Total ventilation27.7 ± 1.441.9 ± 3.135 ± 2.132.5 ± 3.231.2 ± 3.929.5 ± 1.214.212.4
Filter ventilation25.9 ± 0.829.8 ± 1.826.6 ± 2.026.5 ± 1.526.2 ± 2.025.9 ± 2.33.93.9
Cigarette paper ventilation1.812.18.46.05.03.610.38.5

Physical parameters of test cigarette samples_

ParametersSample 1Sample 2Sample 3
Circumference (mm)172024
Filter length (mm)303027
Tipping paper length (mm)383635
Visible tobacco rod length (mm)596149
Cigarette length (mm)979784
Cigarette paper permeability (CU)606160
Cigarette paper weight (g/m2)292929
Potassium citrate content (%)1.31.31.3
Filter ventilation rate (%)252626
Tobacco density (mg/cm3)233236232
Cigarette weight (mg/cig)913683534
Draw resistance (Pa)1,4411,2421,016

ANOVA (p-value) for the effect of puff number on temperature parameters of cigarettes with different circumferences_

Circumference (mm)V0TmaxT0.5Tm
170.442 a0.393 a0.000 b0.005 b
200.705 a0.425 a0.000 b0.000 b
240.017 b0.560 a0.000 b0.000 b

Comparing the results of the ventilation measurement device and a cigarette test station_

Circumference (mm)172024
Mean valueSDMean valueSDMean valueSD
Filter ventilation rate (%)Designed device23.92.324.71.625.90.8
Cigarette test station24.72.026.02.925.61.5
Absolute difference0.80.31.31.30.30.7
Total ventilation rate (%)Designed device34.90.933.11.327.71.5
Cigarette test station33.81.934.12.528.41.4
Absolute difference1.11.01.01.2-0.70.1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2023-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2719-9509
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Language: English
Page range: 90 - 100
Submitted on: Mar 28, 2023
Accepted on: Jul 3, 2023
Published on: Sep 28, 2023
Published by: Institut für Tabakforschung GmbH
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
Cigarette,
circumference,
ventilation,
combustion state,
puff-by-puff
Related subjects:
General interest,
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other,
Physics,
Physics, other

© 2023 Qi Zhang, Wenkang Zhao, Nan Deng, Qiaoling Li, Guoxin Qin, Lili Fu, Yi Zhang, Ke Zhang, Hongxiao Yu, Chuan Liu, Weiguo Suo, Lianlian Wu, Lu Dai, Le Wang, Bing Wang, Bin Li, published by Institut für Tabakforschung GmbH
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

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