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A Review of the Uses of Nuclear Radiation in Tobacco and Smoke Research Cover

A Review of the Uses of Nuclear Radiation in Tobacco and Smoke Research

By: RW Jenkins  
Open Access
|Jan 2015

References

  1. 1. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. A, Comes and R, T. Bass: The use of carbon-14 labeled compounds m smoke precursor studies — A review; Recent Adv. Tob. Sci. 1 (1976) 1-30.
  2. 2. Larson, P. S., and E. S, Harlow: Some current applications of carbon-14 to animal and human physiological research — Studies with tobacco and its constituents; Radioisotopes in Scientific Research 3 (1958) 62—78.
  3. 3. Houseman, T. H,: Studies of cigarette smoke transfer using radioisotopically labelled tobacco constituents, II. The transference of radioisotopically labelled nicotine to cigarette smoke; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 7 (1973) 142—147.
  4. 4. Thornton, R. E., and S. R. Massey: Some effects of adding sugar to tobacco; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 11-15.
  5. 5. Schmeltz, I., A. Wenger, D. Hoffmann and T. C. Tso: Chemical studies on tobacco smoke, 63. The fate of nicotine during pyrolysis and in a burning cigarette; J, Agric. Food Chem. 27 (1979) 602— 608.
  6. 6. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. H. Newman and M. K. Chavis: Cigarette smoke formation studies, II. Smoke distribution and mainstream pyrolyt-ic composition of added 14C-menthol (U); Beitr. Tabakforsch. 5 (1970) 299—301.
  7. 7. Curran, J. G., and J. E. Kiefer: A method for measuring the elution of nicotine and total particulate matter from a cigarette filter; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 7 (1973) 29—35.
  8. 8. Newell, M. P., P, H. Latimer and R. J. Haefele: The fate of menthol in cigarette smoke; presented at the 22nd Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Richmond, Va., 1968.
  9. 9. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. H. Newman, R. D. Carpenter and T. S. Osdene: Cigarette smoke formation studies, I. Distribution and mainstream products from added l4C-dotriacontane-16,17; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 5 (1970) 295-298.
  10. 10. Maddox, W. L., R. B. Quincy, H. H. Ross, G. Olerich and M. R. Guerin: Carbon-14 and neutron irradiated cigarettes for animal lung deposition experiments; presented at the 25th Tob. Chem, Res. Conf., Louisville, Ky., 1971.
  11. 11. Davis, B. R., T. H. Houseman and H. R. Roderick: Studies of cigarette smoke transfer using radioisotopically labelled tobacco constituents, III. The use of dotriacontane-16,17-14C as a marker for the deposition of cigarette smoke in the respiratory system of experimental animals; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 7 (1973) 148-153.
  12. 12. Kmoch, N, G. Reznik and U. Mohr: Inhalation experiments with 14C-labelled cigarette smoke, II, The distribution of cigarette smoke particles in the hamster respiratory tract after exposure in two different smoking systems; Toxicology 4 (1975) 373-384.
  13. 13. Kmoch, N., G. Reznik and A. Schleicher: Inhalation experiments with 14C-labelled cigarette smoke, III. Body size dependent distribution of particulate matter in small rodents during cigarette smoke inhalation; Toxicology 6 (1976) 219— 223.
  14. 14. Mohr, U., G, Reznik, W. Eckhart, N. Kmoch and H. Haas: Distribution of labeled smoke particles in the respiratory tract of the hamster; Naturwis-senschaften 61 (1974) 133—134.
  15. 15. Page, B. F. J., B. Woolsgrove, L. F. Chasseaud and R. Binns: Use of radioactive tracer techniques in investigations associated with cigarette smoking; Ann. Occup. Hyg. 16 (1973) 409-416.
  16. 16. Pullinger, D, H., and T. H. Houseman: Dosimetry of cigarette smoke in laboratory animals; in Clinical Toxicology, ed. by W. A. M, Duncan and B. J. Leonard, Proc 1976 Edinburgh meeting of the Eur. Soc. Toxicol., Excerpt a Medica, Amsterdam-Oxford, Vol. 18, 1977, 265—266.
  17. 17. Rubin, I. B.: A simplified method for the determination of labeled alkane hydrocarbons in mammalian tissue and blood after exposure to radiolabeled cigarette smoke; Anal. Lett. 6 (1973) 387— 396.
  18. 18. Weker, R., O. Grubner, W. Hinds and M. W. First: Dose measurement in animals exposed to tobacco smoke; presented at the 30th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Nashville, Tenn., 1976.
  19. 19. Thornton, R. E., and C. Valentine: Determination of the balance of carbon-14 activity added to cigarettes; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 4 (1968) 287—292.
  20. 20. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., and R. T. Bass: The preparation of carbon-14 labelled cigarettes; presented at the 27th Tob. Chem, Res. Conf., Wins ton-Salem, N. C., 1973.
  21. 21. Cheng, A. L. S.: Sterol content in cigarette tobacco and smoke; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 7 (1973) 14—17.
  22. 22. Gager, F. L., J. W. Nedlock and W. J. Martin: Tobacco additives and cigarette smoke, Part I: Transfer of D-glucose, sucrose, and their degradation products to the smoke; Carbohydr. Res. 17 (1971) 327-330.
  23. 23. Newell, M. P., P. H. Latimer and R. J. Haefele: Fate of compounds in the burning cigarette — Polymeric carbohydrates, pectins, starch, cellulose; presented at the 25th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Louisville, Ky., 1971.
  24. 24. Newell, M. P., and F, W. Best: The fate of oxalic, malic and citric acids in the smoke of cigarettes; presented at the 22nd Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Richmond, Va., 1968.
  25. 25. Morrell, F, A., and C. Varsel: A total combustion product cigarette smoking machine — Analyses of radioactive cigarette paper; Tob. Sci. 10 (1966) 45—50.
  26. 26. Davis, D. L., C. Grunwald, S. J. Sheen, J. Sims and L. P. Bush: Transfer of endogenous and exog- enously applied sterols and alkaloids to tobacco condensate; Tobacco and Health Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Conf. Rep. 3, pp. 325—332, 1972.
  27. 27. Armitage, A. K., T. H. Houseman and D. M. Turner: The transfer of endogenous and exogenous radioisotopically labelled nicotine to mainstream cigarette smoke and its absorption into the blood of anaesthetized cats; J. Exp. Physiol. 59 (1974) 55—61.
  28. 28. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., and R. A, Comes: Exogenous vs. endogenous transfer of nicotine during smoking; Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 27 (1976) 323—324.
  29. 29. Houseman, T. H.: Private communication.
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  31. 31. Ringrose, A., F. E. H. Crawley and C. R. E. Cog-gins: An automatic device for the addition of precise amounts of radiolabeled material to cigarettes; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 12 (1984) 117— 121.
  32. 32. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. H. Newman, G. Segura and R. T. Bass: A technique for the visualization and quantification of tagged filler; Tob. Sci. 23 (1979) 7-10.
  33. 33. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. T. Bass, G. C. Newell, G. Segura and R, H. Newman: Recommendations for the standardized preparation of carbon-14 labeled cigarettes; Tob. Sci. 19 (1975) 115—118.
  34. 34. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. T. Bass, R. H. Newman and M. K, Chavis: Cigarette smoke formation studies, V. The effects of the cigarette periphery on mainstream smoke formation; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 9 (1977) 126—130.
  35. 35. Green, C. R., F. Best, C. Morrison and F. Conrad: Studies of the distribution of vanillin to mainstream and sidestream cigarette smokes; presented at the 38th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Atlanta, Ga., 1984.
  36. 36. Dube, M. F., and C. R. Green: Methods of collection of smoke for analytical purposes; Rec. Adv. Tob. Sd. 8 (1982) 42—102.
  37. 37. Holmes, J.: A study of the distribution of the hu-mectant during the smoking process using car-bon-14 glycerol as a tracer; presented at the 14th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Winston-Salem, N.C., 1960.
  38. 38. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., M. K. Chavis, R. T. Bass and T. S. Osdene: Cigarette smoke formation studies, VI. The carbon contribution to total smoke from each individual component in the lRl-type cigarette; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 10 (1980) 145—148.
  39. 39. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., B. W. Francis, H, Flachsbart and W. Stober: Chemical variability of mainstream cigarette smoke as a function of aerodynamic particle size; J. Aerosol Sci. 10 (1979) 355— 362.
  40. 40. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., M. K. Chavis, R. H. Newman and F. A, Morrell: The quantitative recovery of smoke from radioactively labelled cigarettes; Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot, 22 (1971) 691—697.
  41. 41. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., B. W. Francis, H. Flachsbart, W. Stober, J. R. Tucci and T. G. Williamson: Selected inorganic chemical composition of main-Stream cigarette smoke as a function of aerodynamic particle size; J. Aerosol Sci. 13 (1982) 459— 468.
  42. 42. Rayburn, C., H., W. B. Wartman, Jr., and P. M, Pedersen: Influence of hexane solubles in tobacco on a polycyclic fraction of cigarette smoke; Science (Wash., D.C.) 128 (1958) 1344—1345.
  43. 43. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. H. Newman, M. D. Edmonds and T. S. Osdene: Cigarette smoke formation studies, III. The contribution of dotriacontane to the benzo(a)pyrene content of smoke; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 7 (1973) 154—157.
  44. 44. Dontenwill, W., H.-P. Harke, A. Baars and E. Goertz: Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber Aufnahme und Ablagerung von Rauchbestand-teilen bei der passiven Berauchung von Gold-hamstern mit Zigarettenrauch (Experimental studies on intake and deposition of smoke particles in golden hamsters when exposed to cigarette smoke); Arzneim.-Forsch. / Drug Research 21 (1971) 142—143.
  45. 45 a. Tso, T. C., H. Chu and D. W. Dejong: Residue levels of fatty compounds and surfactants as suck-ering agents on tobacco; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 241—2.
  46. 45 b. Tso, T. C., and H. Chu: The fate of fatty compounds and surfactants used as sucker control agents on field tobacco; Beitr. Tabakforsch, 9 (1977) 58—62.
  47. 46. Long, J. S., R. M. Lehman, M. H. Tickle and M. A. Manzelli: The efficacy of KABAT¯ for control of the cigarette beetle under severe infestation conditions; Tob. Sci. 24 (1980) 119-121.
  48. 47. Frisch, A. F., B. W. Francis, M. K. Chavis and R. W. Jenkins, Jr.: Cigarette smoke formation studies, VII. The fate of (5-14C)-methoprene in cigarette smoke; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 11 (1982) 203-208.
  49. 48. Atallah, Y. H., and H. W. Dorough: Insecticide residues in cigarette smoke — Transfer and fate in rats; J. Agr. Food Chem. 23 (1975) 64—71.
  50. 49. Underwood, J. G.: The radiochemical analysis of phosphine residues in fumigated tobaccos; Tob. Sci. 16 (1972) 123-126.
  51. 50. Tsoukatos, M. P., and A. C. Karageorgos: Development of a radioiso topical tracing method to follow the flow of cut tobacco during its manufacture; Tob. Sci. 21 (1977) 61-64.
  52. 51. Porstendorfer, J.: Determination of the size distribution of aerosols with the help of a radioactive tracer and the spiral centrifuge; J. Aerosol Sci. 4 (1973) 345—354.
  53. 52. Ingebrethsen, B. J.: Aerosol studies of cigarette smoke; Rec Adv. Tob. Sd. 12 (1986) 54—142.
  54. 53. Meikle, R. W.: Fate of Diamidafos (phenyl N,N'-dim ethylphosphorodiami date) in tobacco, cured tobacco and in smoke; J. Agr. Food Chem. 25 (1977) 746—752.
  55. 54. Minor, M. F.: Do adult cigarette beetles feed?; Tob. Sci. 23 (1979) 61-64.
  56. 55. Williamson, T. G., D. P. Batalo, R. W. Jenkins, Jr., and A. Frisch: Measurement of the cigarette air volume with radioactive argon; Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 21 (1975) 134—135.
  57. 56. Frisch, A. F., R. W. Jenkins, Jr., and T. G. Williamson: The use of argon-41 to determine the total cigarette air volume as a function of conditioning moisture; presented at the 30th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Nashville, Tenn., 1976.
  58. 57. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., T. G. Williamson, J. Brenizer and P. Peters: Measurement of intracellular air in the 2R1 cigarette by neutron activation analysis; presented at the 39th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Montreal, Quebec, 1985.
  59. 58. Baker, R. R.: Contributions to the draw resistance of a burning cigarette; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 124—131.
  60. 59. Sheahan, N. F., D. Pavia, J. R. M. Bateman, J. E. Agnew and S. W. Clarke: A technique for monitoring the inhalation of cigarette smoke in man using krypton-Sim; Int. J. Appl, Radiat. Isot. 31 (1980) 438-441.
  61. 60. Boenig, H. V.: Investigation of the pyrolytic products of irradiated cigarettes; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publ. No. ORO-6333, 1965, 33 pp.
  62. 61. Boenig, H. V., W. A. Lambertson, W. S. Braun and H. S. Myers: Treatment of tobacco; U.S. Pat. 3,358,694,1967.
  63. 62. Severson, R. F., O. T. Chortyk and W. J. Chamberlain: Gamma radiation effects on cigarettes; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 136-140.
  64. 63. Casey, W. J., S. A. Bhatt, W. M. Suhy and J. V. Fiore: High-energy electron-beam processing of tobacco; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 9 (1978) 275— 282.
  65. 64. Benezet, H., C. W. Helms, B. B. Huffman and R. Baucom: Toxicity of gamma radiation to five stages of the cigarette beetle; presented at the 32nd Tob. Workers' Conference, Baltimore, Md., 1987.
  66. 65. Nadkarni, R. A.: Re-evaluation of arsenic concentration in the biological standards; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 19 (1974) 127-134.
  67. 66. Nadkarni, R. A.: Some considerations of metal content of tobacco products; Chem. Ind. (Lond.) 17, 1974, 693—696.
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  69. 68. Nadkarni, R, A., and W. D. Ehmann: Determination of trace elements in tobacco products by neutron activation analysis; Proc. 1969 Tob. and Health Workshop, Lexington, Kentucky, Tobacco and Health Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Conf. Rep. No. 1, pp. 47—57.
  70. 69. Nadkarni, R, A., and W. D. Ehmann: Determination of trace elements in standard reference cigarette by neutron activation analysis; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 2 (1969) 161—168.
  71. 70. Nadkarni, R, A., and W. D. Ehmann: Further analyses of University of Kentucky reference and alkaloid series cigarettes by instrumental neutron activation analysis; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 4 (1970) 325-335.
  72. 71. Nadkarni, R. A., and W, D, Ehmann: Relative transference of trace elements from tobacco smoke condensate into mice tissues; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 11 (1972) 45—47.
  73. 72. Nadkarni, R. A., W. D. Ehmann and D. Burdick: Investigations on the relative transference of trace elements from cigarette tobacco into smoke condensate; Tob. Sci. 14 (1970) 37-39.
  74. 73. Nadkarni, R. A., and B. C. Haldar: Simultaneous determination of chromium and zinc by neutron-activation analysis; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 9 (1971) 233-240.
  75. 74. Nadkarni, R. A., and B. C. Haldar: Neutron activation analysis of copper by substoichiometric extraction with neocuproine; Anal. Chem. 44 (1972) 1504—1506.
  76. 75. Nadkarni, R. A., and B. C. Haldar: Substoichiometric determination of mercury by neutron activation analysis; J. Radioanal. Chem. 10 (1972) 181—186.
  77. 76. Nadkarni, R. A., and G. H. Morrison: Multielement instrumental neutron activation analysis of biological materials; Anal. Chem. 45 (1973) 1957—1960.
  78. 77. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. H. Newman, R. M. Ikeda, R. D. Carpenter and T. G: Williamson: Determination by neutron activation analysis of selected elements in cigarettes; Anal. Lett. 4 (1971) 451— 457.
  79. 78. Williamson, T. G., R. W. Jenkins, Jr., R. H. Newman and R. D. Carpenter: Analysis of tobacco and tobacco smoke by neutron activation; Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 12 (1971) 110-111.
  80. 79. Williamson, T. G., A. S. Chiang, R. W. Jenkins, Jr., G. E. Lester and R. H. Newman: A material balance of selected elements in cigarette smoke; Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 18 (1974) 64-65.
  81. 80. Newman, R. H., G. E. Lester and R. W. Jenkins, Jr.: The fate of halogens in the smoke of the 1R1 Kentucky reference cigarette; presented at the 27th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Winston-Salem, N.C., 1973.
  82. 81. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., R. H. Newman, G. F. Lester, A. F, Frisch and T. G. Williamson: Neutron activation analysis in tobacco and cigarette smoke studies — The halogens; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 11 (1982) 195—202.
  83. 82. Kim, C. K., and J. Silverman: Determination of mercury in wheat and tobacco leaf by neutron activation analysis using mercury-197 and a simple exchange separation; Anal. Chem. 37 (1965) 1616-1617.
  84. 83. Komiya, K., and Y. Maruyama: Determination of selenium in cigarets by neutron activation analysis; Radioisotopes 20 (1971) 29—30.
  85. 84. Lee, B. K., and G. Murphy: Determination of arsenic content of American cigarettes by neutron activation analysis; Cancer (Phila.) 23 (1969) 1315-1317.
  86. 85. Maruyama, Y., and K. Komiya: Determination of copper, arsenic and mercury in tobacco leaves by neutron activation analysis; Radioisotopes 22 (1973) 572-574.
  87. 86. Maruyama, Y., K. Komiya and T. Manri: Determination of copper, arsenic and mercury in cigarettes by neutron activation analysis; Radioisotopes 19 (1970) 250—252.
  88. 87. Chun, S. Y.: Determination of bromine, arsenic, mercury and selenium in plants by neutron activation analysis; Han'guk Sikp'um Kwahakhoe Chi (Korean J. Food Sci. Technol.) Vol. 3, No. 3 (1971) 144-150.
  89. 88. Gunchev, K., M. Neuburger and A. Fourcy: Determination of traces of toxic compounds in European, American, and French tobaccos by neutron activation analysis; Dokl. Sel'skokhoz, Akad. Sofia 5, No. 4 (1972) 299-303.
  90. 89. Yang, M., S. Lai and S. Yeh: Multielement determination in tobacco leaves by instrumental neutron activation analysis; Radioisotopes 22 (1973) 118—123.
  91. 90. Pung, T. C., C. C. Chou, H. T. Tsai and S. C. Wu: Internal standard method for the determination of trace elements in cigarette tobacco by neutron activation analysis; J. Radioanal. Chem. 63 (1981) 253—262.
  92. 91. Day, J. M., R. C. Bateman and E. C. Cogbill: Determination of trace amounts of nickel in tobacco by neutron activation analysis; presented at the 145th Am. Chem. Soc. Meeting, New York, N.Y., September 13—18, 1963.
  93. 92. Siegers, G., and A. Claeys: Instrumental neutron activation analysis of raw tobacco leaves in the Belgium-Luxemburg Economic Union; Meded. Rijksfac. Landbouwwet. Gent 44 (1979) 1139— 1148.
  94. 93. Marinov, V. M., D. Apostolov and M. I. Mikhai-lov: Determination of trace elements in tobacco by neutron activation analysis, II. Determination of bromine, lanthanum, rubidium, chromium, strontium, cesium, scandium, zinc, cobalt and iron; Khimiya i Industriya (Sofia) 4 (1975) 149— 153.
  95. 94. Marinov, V. M., D. Apostolov and M. Lazarova: Determination of the contents of 20 microelements in tobacco by neutron activation analysis after elimination of sodium-24 and potassium-42; J. Yad. Energ. 3 (1976) 123-129.
  96. 95. Naidenov, M., and L. Raikov: Neutron activation analysis of plant materials; Dokl. Bolg. Akad. Nauk 33 (1980) 273-276.
  97. 96. Wei, M. T.: Determination of arsenic in tobacco leaf by neutron activation analysis; Hua Hsueh (Chin. Chem. Soc.) 4 (1966) 121-126.
  98. 97. Purkayastha, B. C., and D. K. Bhattacharyya: Determination of gold and arsenic in Indian tobacco leaves; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 23 (1975) 43— 48.
  99. 98. Mishra, U. C., and G. N. Shaikh: Determination of trace element concentrations of Indian cigarette tobacco by instrumental neutron activation analysis; J. Radioanal. Chem. 78 (1983) 385-390.
  100. 99. Mishra, U. C., and G. N. Shaikh: Determination of trace elements in total particulate matter of cigarette smoke by instrumental neutron activation analysis; J. Radioanal. Chem. 89 (1985) 545—552.
  101. 100. Abedinzadeh, Z., and I. Bayat: Determination of bromine residues in Iranian tobacco by neutron activation analysis; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 25 (1976) 217-222.
  102. 101. Abedinzadeh, Z., and B. Parsa: Determination of trace elements in Iranian cigarette tobacco by neutron activation analysis; J. Radioanal. Chem. 14 (1973) 139—145.
  103. 102. Abedinzadeh, Z., M. Razeghi and B. Parsa: Neutron activation analysis of an Iranian cigarette and its smoke; J. Radioanal. Chem. 35 (1977) 373— 376.
  104. 103. Faanhof, A., and H. A. Das: Analysis of tobacco by instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis; Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 41 (1979) 367-373.
  105. 104. Faanhof, A., and H. A. Das: Instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis of tobacco; J. Radioanal. Chem. 56 (1980) 131-141.
  106. 105. Ahmad, S., M. S. Chaundhry and I. H. Qureshi: Determination of toxic elements in tobacco products by instrumental neutron activation analysis; J. Radioanal. Chem. 54 (1979) 331-341.
  107. 106. Wyttenbach, A., S. Bajo and A. Haekkinen: Determination of 16 elements in tobacco by neutron activation analysis; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 247-249.
  108. 107. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., C. Goldey and T. G. Williamson: Neutron activation analysis in tobacco and cigarette smoke studies — 2R1 cigarette composition, smoke transference and butt filtration; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 13 (1985) 59—65.
  109. 108. Wehner, A. P., W. J. Bair, W. A. Haller and A. C. Case: Deposition of radionuclide labeled cigarette smoke in dogs; J. Appl. Physiol. 37 (1974) 630— 633.
  110. 109. Johnson, R. R., and T. E, Smith: The formation of methyl chloride in burning cigarettes; presented at the 24th Tob. Chem, Res. Conf., Montreal, Canada, 1970.
  111. 110. Baker, R. R.: Temperature variation within a cigarette combustion coal during the smoking cycle; High Temp. Sci. 7 (1975) 236—247.
  112. 111. Egerton, A., K. Gugan and F. J, Weinberg: The mechanism of smouldering in cigarettes; Combust. Flame (Lond.) 7 (1963) 63—78,10.1016/0010-2180(63)90156-1
  113. 112. Lendvay, A. T., and T. S. Laszlo; Cigarette peak coal temperature measurements; Beitr. Tabak-forsch.7 (1974) 276—281.
  114. 113. Baker, R. R.: Mechanism of smoke formation and delivery; Recent Adv. Tob. Sci, 6 (1980) 184—224.
  115. 114. Jenkins, R. W., Jr., A. F. Frisch, J. G. MacKinnon and T. G. Williamson: Cigarette smoke formation studies, IV. The dynamic measurement of the axial density of a burning cigarette; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 9 (1977) 67—71.
  116. 115. Williamson, T. G., J. G. MacKinnon, A. F. Frisch and R. W. Jenkins, Jr.: Calculations and measurements of beta-ray attenuation for determining density in an inhomogeneous medium; Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 31 (1980) 293—295.
  117. 116. McRae, D. D., R. W. Jenkins, Jr., J. S. Brenizer, M. F. Sulcoski and T. G. Williamson: Real-time observation of aerosol deposition by neutron radiography; in Aerosols — Science, technology and industrial applications of airborne particles, edited by B. Y. H. Liu, D. Y. H. Pui and H. J. Fissan, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York, New York, 1984, pp. 241—244.
  118. 117. Brenizer, J. S., M. F. Sulcoski, K. W. Tobin, Jr., R. W. Jenkins, Jr., and D. D. McRae: Evaluation of filter behavior by neutron radiography; J. Aerosol Sci. 18 (1987) 311-320.
  119. 118. Brenizer, J. S., R. W. Jenkins, Jr., D. D. McRae, J. B. Paine, III., and M. F. Sulcoski: Temperature sensitive contrast agents for neutron radiography; Proc 2nd World Conf. on Neutron radiography, Paris, France, June 16—20, 1986, pp. 813—820, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht.10.1007/978-94-009-3871-7_101
  120. 119. Goldring, L. S., J. V. Fiore and A. C. Gadziala: X-ray study of cigarette structure; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 7 (1973) 121-137.
  121. 120. Brenizer, J. S., M. F. Sulcoski, R. W. Jenkins, Jr., D. D. McRae and R. H. Newman: Observations of density variations in tobacco rods by neutron radiography; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 14 (1987) 21—28.
  122. 121. McRae, D. D., R. W. Jenkins, Jr., J. S. Brenizer, K. W. Tobin, B. Hosticka and M, F. Sulcoski: Quantitative density measurements from a real-time !neutron radiography system; Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 53 (1986) 178—180.
  123. 122. Marmor, R. S-, and H. J. Minnemeyer:- Material balance studies on cigarettes containing 3-phenyl-5-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazole; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 199—203.
  124. 123. Jones, R. T., W. G. D, Lugton, S. R. Massey and R. B. Richardson: The distribution with respect to smoke particle size of dotriacontane, hexadecane and decachlorobiphenyl added to cigarets; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 89-92.
  125. 124. Schmeltz, I., A. de Paolis and D. Hoffmann: Phy-tosterols in tobacco — Quantitative analysis and fate in tobacco combustion; Beitr. Tabakforsch, 8 (1975) 211—218.
  126. 125. Jenkins, R. W, Jr., H. J. Grubbs, R. H. Newman, R. T. Bass, J. S. Brenizer, D. C. Jones, T. G. Williamson, D, A. Danehower and R. C. Long: Distribution of selected inorganic elements within the leaf in cured Bright tobacco; presented at the 40th Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., Knoxville, Tenn., 1986.
  127. 126. Iskander, F. Y.: Neutron activation analysis of an Egyptian cigarette and its ash; J. Radioanal. Chem. 89 (1985) 511-518.
Language: English
Page range: 353 - 378
Submitted on: Jan 23, 1989
Accepted on: Apr 11, 1989
Published on: Jan 6, 2015
Published by: Institut für Tabakforschung GmbH
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
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