Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Unpacking Plurilingual Creativity: How Motivation Mediates the Link Between Pluriculturalism and Divergent Thinking Cover

Unpacking Plurilingual Creativity: How Motivation Mediates the Link Between Pluriculturalism and Divergent Thinking

Open Access
|Sep 2025

References

  1. Anderson, C.C., & Cropley, A.J. (2007). Some correlates of originality. Australian Journal of Psychology, 18(3), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049536608255542
  2. Auger, P. & Woodman, R.W. (2016). Creativity and Intrinsic Motivation: Exploring a Complex Relationship. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 52(3), 342–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886316656973
  3. Averina, E.S. & Shcheblanova, E.I. (1996). Verbalnyy test tvorcheskogo myshleniya ‘Neobychnoye ispolzovaniye: posobiye dlya shkolnykh psikhologov. Sobor.
  4. Baas, M., Roskes, M., Sligte, D., Nijstad, B.A., & De Dreu, C.K.W. (2013). Personality and creativity: The Dual Pathway to Creativity model and a research agenda. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(10), 732–748.
  5. Beaty, R.E. & Silvia, P.J. (2012). Why do ideas get more creative across time? An executive interpretation of the serial order effect in divergent thinking tasks. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(4), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029171
  6. Bernaus, M., Masgoret, A.-M., Gardner, R.C., & Reyes, E. (2004). Motivation and Attitudes Towards Learning Languages in Multicultural Classrooms. International Journal of Multilingualism, 1(2), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710408668180
  7. Bialystok, E. & Barac, R. (2012). Emerging bilingualism: Dissociating advantages for metalinguistic awareness and executive control. Cognition, 122(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.08.003
  8. Birman, D., Trickett, E.J., & Vinokurov, A. (2002). Acculturation and adaptation of Soviet Jewish refugee adolescents: Predictors of adjustment across life domains. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(5), 585–607. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016323213871
  9. Botvinick, M. & Braver, T. (2015). Motivation and Cognitive Control: From Behavior to Neural Mechanism. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 83–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015044
  10. Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  11. Button, S.B., Mathieu, J.E., & Zajac, D.M. (1996). Goal Orientation in Organizational Research: A Conceptual and Empirical Foundation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(1), 26–48. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.0063
  12. Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Multilingual Matters.
  13. Chen, X., He, J., Swanson, E., Cai, Z., & Fan, X. (2021). Big Five Personality Traits and Second Language Learning: a Meta-analysis of 40 Years’ Research. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09641-6
  14. Corazza, G.E. & Glăveanu, V.P. (2020). Potential in Creativity: Individual, Social, Material Perspectives, and a Dynamic Integrative Framework. Creativity Research Journal, 32(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2020.1712161
  15. Coste, D., Moore, D., & Zarate, G. (1997/2009). Plurilingual and pluricultural competence. Council of Europe, Language Policy Division.
  16. Council of Europe. (1996/2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge University Press.
  17. Council of Europe. (2018). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment.
  18. Crepaldi, M., Fusi, G., Cancer, A., Iannello, P., & Rusconi, M. L. (2024). The bidirectional relationship between risk and creativity: A systematic review. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 31(1), 41–57.
  19. Deardorff, D.K. (2009). The Sage Handbook of Intercultural Competence. SAGE Publications.
  20. Dewaele, J.-M. & Botes, E. (2020). Does multilingualism shape personality? An exploratory investigation. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(4), 811–823. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006919888581
  21. Dewaele, J.-M. & Stavans, A. (2014). The effect of immigration, acculturation and multicompetence on personality profiles of Israeli multilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18(3), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006912439941
  22. Dewaele, J.-M. & van Oudenhoven, J.P. (2009). The effect of multilingualism/multiculturalism on personality: no gain without pain for Third Culture Kids? International Journal of Multilingualism, 6(4), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710903039906
  23. Endicott, L., Bock, T., & Narvaez, D. (2003). Moral reasoning, intercultural development, and multicultural experiences: Relations and cognitive underpinnings. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00030-0
  24. Engjn, A.O. (2009). Second language learning success and motivation. Social Behavior and Personality, 37(8), 1035–1042.
  25. Feist, G.J. (2019). Creativity and the Big Two model of personality: plasticity and stability. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 27, 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.07.005
  26. Fishbach, A. & Woolley, K. (2022). The Structure of Intrinsic Motivation. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9, 339–363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091122
  27. Fürst, G., Ghisletta, P., & Lubart, T. (2016). Toward an Integrative Model of Creativity and Personality: Theoretical Suggestions and Preliminary Empirical Testing. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 50(2), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.71
  28. Gerhart, B. & Fang, M. (2015). Pay, Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, Performance, and Creativity in the Workplace: Revisiting Long-Held Beliefs. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2(1), 489–521. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111418
  29. Griffith, R.L., Wolfeld, L., Armon, B.K., Rios, J., & Liu, O.L. (2016). Assessing Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: Existing Research and Future Directions. ETS Research Report Series, 2, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12112
  30. Gross, B. & Dewaele, J.-M. (2018). The relation between multilingualism and basic human values among primary school children in South Tyrol. International Journal of Multilingualism, 15(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2017.1318885
  31. Gudykunst, W., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., & Karimi, H. (1994). Measuring self construals across cultures: A derived etic analysis. International Communication Association Convention in Sydney, Australia, July,
  32. Guilford, J.P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5, 444–454.
  33. Guilford, J.P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. McGraw-Hill.
  34. Hayakawa, S., Lau, B.K.Y., Holtzmann, S., Costa, A., & Keysar, B. (2019). On the reliability of the foreign language effect on risk-taking. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021817742242
  35. Hayes, A.F. (2012). PROCESS: A Versatile Computational Tool for Observed Variable Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Modeling. https://is.muni.cz/el/1423/podzim2014/PSY704/50497615/hayes_2012_navod_process.pdf
  36. Hennessey, B.A. (2019). Motivation and Creativity. In J.C. Kaufman & R.J. Sternberg (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity (2ed., pp. 374–395). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316979839.020
  37. Ivancovsky, T., Baror, S., & Bar, M. (2023). A shared novelty-seeking basis for creativity and curiosity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 47, e89, Article e89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X23002807
  38. Kasof, J., Chen, C., Himsel, A., & Greenberger, E. (2007). Values and Creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 19(2–3), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410701397164
  39. Kaspi-Baruch, O. (2017). Big Five Personality and Creativity: The Moderating Effect of Motivational Goal Orientation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(3), 325–338.
  40. Kayiţ, A. & Akcaođlu, M. (2021). Big Five and Dark Triad personality traits as predictors of multicultural attitude and efficacy [journal article]. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 9(3), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.104687
  41. Kharkhurin, A.V. (2011). The role of selective attention in bilingual creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 23(3), 239–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2011.595979
  42. Kharkhurin, A.V. (2017). Language mediated concept activation in bilingual memory facilitates cognitive flexibility. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01067
  43. Kharkhurin, A.V. (2021). Plurilingual Creativity: A new framework for research in multilingual and creative practices. In E. Piccardo, A. Germain-Rutherford, & G. Lawrence (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education (pp. 225–244). Routledge.
  44. Kharkhurin, A.V. (2024). A paradigmatic shift in the relationship between bilingualism and creativity: Plurilingual creativity approach. Bilingualism: Language & Cognition, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728924000919
  45. Kharkhurin, A.V. & Charkhabi, M. (2021). Preference for complexity and asymmetry contributes to an ability to overcome structured imagination: Implications for Creative Perception Paradigm. Symmetry, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020343
  46. Kharkhurin, A.V., Kashirskaya, E.V., & Pasechnik, A. (2024). Plurilingual Intercultural Creative Keys: An author educational program developing soft skills. RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics, 21(3), 705–738. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2024-21-3-705-738
  47. Kharkhurin, A.V., Koncha, V., & Charkhabi, M. (2023a). Effects of multilingual and multicultural practices on divergent thinking. Implications for plurilingual creativity paradigm. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 26(3), 592–609. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728922000864
  48. Kharkhurin, A.V., Koncha, V., & Charkhabi, M. (2023b). Effects of plurilingualism and pluriculturalism on creativity: Testing the mediating role of tolerance and intolerance of ambiguity. International Journal of Multilingualism, 22(2), 475–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2023.2242373
  49. Kharkhurin, A.V., Koncha, V., & Charkhabi, M. (2023c). Effects of plurilingualism and pluriculturalism on divergent thinking: Testing the moderating role of personality traits. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 27(6), 772–792. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2023.2232521
  50. Kharkhurin, A.V. & Wei, L. (2015). The role of code-switching in bilingual creativity. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 18(2), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2014.884211
  51. Kharkhurin, A.V. & Yagolkovskiy, S.R. (2019). Preference for complexity and asymmetry contributes to elaboration in divergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 31(3), 342–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2019.1641687
  52. Khukhlaev, O.E., Gritsenko, V.V., Pavlova, O.S., Tkachenko, N.V., Usubian, S.A., & Shorokhova, V.A. (2021). Development and adaptation of the integrative intercultural competence survey. Psychology. Journal of Higher School of Economics, 18, 71–91. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2021-1-71-91
  53. Koutstaal, W., Brown, L., Lu, K., & Posson, K. (2025). Beyond Openness: A Variety of Creative Experiences Increases Flexibility and Originality of Visuospatial Divergent Thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 37(3), 321–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2300575
  54. Kudrowitz, B. & Dippo, C. (2013). When Does a Paper Clip Become a Sundial? Exploring the Progression of Originality in the Alternative Uses Test. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science, 17, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-2013-0018
  55. Larsen-Freeman, D. & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford University Press.
  56. Larsen-Freeman, D. & Todeva, E. (2021). A Sociocognitive Theory for Plurilingualism. In Complex Dynamic Systems Theory. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0667
  57. Leung, K., Ang, S., & Tan, M. L. (2014). Intercultural Competence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 489–519. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091229
  58. Lubart, T.I. (2000). Models of the creative process: past, present and future. Creativity Research Journal, 13(3–4), 295–308.
  59. Lüdi, G. (2021). Promoting plurilingualism and plurilingual education: A European perspective. In E. Piccardo, A. Germain-Rutherford, & G. Lawrence (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education (pp. 27–43). Routledge.
  60. Markus, H.R. (2016). What moves people to action? Culture and motivation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.028
  61. Marshall, S. (2021). Plurilingualism and the Tangled Web of Lingualisms. In E. Piccardo, A. Germain-Rutherford, & G. Lawrence (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education (pp. 44–62). Routledge.
  62. Masgoret, A.M. & Gardner, R.C. (2003). Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associates. Language Learning, 53(S1), 167–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00227
  63. Moneta, G.B. & Siu, C.M.Y. (2002). Trait intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, academic performance, and creativity in Hong Kong college students. Journal of College Student Development, 43(5), 664–683.
  64. Narvaez, D., Endicott, L., & Hill, P. (2010). The Multicultural Experiences Questionnaire. University of Notre Dame Press.
  65. Oudeyer, P.Y., Gottlieb, J., & Lopes, M. (2016). Chapter 11—Intrinsic motivation, curiosity, and learning: Theory and applications in educational technologies. In B. Studer & S. Knecht (Eds.), Progress in Brain Research (Vol. 229, pp. 257–284). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.05.005
  66. Perleth, C., Sierwald, W., & Heller, K. (1993). Selected results of the Munich longitudinal study of giftedness: The multidimensional/typological giftedness model. Roeper Review, 15, 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199309553491
  67. Phalet, K., Andriessen, I., & Lens, W. (2004). How Future Goals Enhance Motivation and Learning in Multicultural Classrooms. Educational Psychology Review, 16(1), 59–89. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EDPR.0000012345.71645.d4
  68. Piccardo, E., Germain-Rutherford, A., & Lawrence, G. (2021). An introduction to plurilingualism and this handbook.In E. Piccardo, A. Germain-Rutherford, & G. Lawrence (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education (pp. 1–15). Routledge.
  69. Prabhu, V., Sutton, C., & Sauser, W. (2008). Creativity and Certain Personality Traits: Understanding the Mediating Effect of Intrinsic Motivation. Creativity Research Journal, 20(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410701841955
  70. Puryear, J.S., Kettler, T., & Rinn, A.N. (2019). Relating Personality and Creativity: Considering What and How We Measure. Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(2), 232–245.
  71. Pusch, M. (1994). The chameleon capacity. In R.D. Lambert (Ed.), Educational exchange and global competence (pp. 205–210). Council on International Educational Exchange.
  72. Ray, W.S. (1966). Absence of Transfer in Unusual Uses Tests. Psychological Reports, 18(1), 237–238. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1966.18.1.237
  73. Renzulli, J.S., Hartman, R.K., & Callahan, C.M. (1971). Teacher Identification of Superior Students. Exceptional Children, 38(3), 211–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440297103800303
  74. Rhodes, M. (1961). An Analysis of Creativity. The Phi Delta Kappan, 42(7), 305–310.
  75. Runco, M.A. (2003). Education for Creative Potential. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 47(3), 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830308598
  76. Runco, M.A. (Ed.). (2013). Divergent Thinking and Creative Potential. Hampton Press.
  77. Runco, M.A. (2014). Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice (2 ed.). Elsevier Academic Press.
  78. Runco, M.A. & Acar, S. (2012). Divergent Thinking as an Indicator of Creative Potential. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.652929
  79. Shi, B., Dai, D.Y., & Lu, Y. (2016). Openness to Experience as a Moderator of the Relationship between Intelligence and Creative Thinking: A Study of Chinese Children in Urban and Rural Areas [Original Research]. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00641
  80. Simonton, D.K. (1990). History, chemistry, psychology, and genius: An intellectual autobiography of historiometry. In M.A. Runco & R.S. Albert (Eds.), Theories of creativity (pp. 92–115). Sage Publications, Inc.
  81. Sung, S.Y. & Choi, J.N. (2009). Do Big Five Personality Factors Affect Individual Creativity? the Moderating Role of Extrinsic Motivation. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 37(7), 941–956. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.7.941
  82. Tunik, E.E. (2013). The Best Creativity Tests. Diagnostics of Creative Thinking. Piter.
  83. van Hook, C.W. & Tegano, D.W. (2002). The Relationship Between Creativity and Conformity Among Preschool Children. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 36(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2002.tb01053.x
  84. Vishkin, A., Horenczyk, G., & Ben-Nun Bloom, P. (2021). A motivational framework of acculturation. Brain and Behavior, 11(8), e2267. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2267
  85. Waehler, C.A. (2013). Curiosity and biculturalism as key therapeutic change activities. Psychotherapy, 50(3), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033029
  86. Wang, F.X. (2008). Motivation and English achievement: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of a new measure for Chinese students of English learning. North American Journal of Psychology, 10(3), 633–646.
  87. Ward, T.B. & Kolomyts, Y. (2019). Creative Cognition. In J.C. Kaufman & R.J. Sternberg (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity (2 ed., pp. 175–199). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316979839.011
  88. Weiss, S. & Wilhelm, O. (2022). Is Flexibility More than Fluency and Originality? Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 96.
  89. Wu, Y. & Koutstaal, W. (2022). Creative flexibility and creative persistence: Evaluating the effects of instructed vs autonomous choices to shift vs. dwell on divergent and convergent thinking. Consciousness and Cognition, 105, 103417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2022.103417
Language: English
Page range: 157 - 180
Submitted on: Dec 17, 2024
Accepted on: Aug 3, 2025
Published on: Sep 12, 2025
Published by: University of Białystok
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin, Valeriya Koncha, published by University of Białystok
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.