References
- African Rights. (2008). Gacaca courts in Rwanda: A new era of healing and reconciliation. African Rights.
- Amick, E. (2011). Trying international crimes on local lawns: The adjudication of genocide sexual violence crimes in Rwanda’s Gacaca courts. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, 20(2), 1-97.
- Amnesty International. (2002). Rwanda: Gacaca: A question of justice (AI Index: AFR 47/007/2002). Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr47/007/2002/en/
- Boege, V. (2011). Potential and limits of traditional approaches in peacebuilding. In B. Austin, M. Fischer, & H. J. Giessmann (Eds.), Advancing conflict transformation: The Berghof handbook II (pp. 431-457). Barbara Budrich Publishers.
- Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
- Brehm, H. N., Uggen, C., & Gasanabo, J. D. (2014). Genocide, justice, and Rwanda’s Gacaca courts. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 30(3), 333-352. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986214536660
- Brounéus, K. (2008). Truth-telling as talking cure? Insecurity and re-traumatization in the Rwandan Gacaca courts. Security Dialogue, 39(1), 55-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010607086823
- Brounéus, K. (2010). The trauma of truth-telling: Effects of witnessing in the Rwandan Gacaca courts on psychological health. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 54(3), 408-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002709360322
- Chakravarty, A. (2016). Investing in authoritarian rule: Punishment and patronage in Rwanda’s gacaca courts for genocide crimes. Cambridge University Press.
- Clark, P. (2010). The Gacaca courts, post-genocide justice and reconciliation in Rwanda: Justice without lawyers. Cambridge University Press.
- Clark, P. (2018). Distant justice: The impact of the International Criminal Court on African politics. Cambridge University Press.
- Dallaire, R. (2021). Shake hands with the devil: The failure of humanity in Rwanda. Random House Canada.
- Des Forges, A. (2019). Leave none to tell the story: Genocide in Rwanda. Human Rights Watch.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
- Government of Rwanda. (2001). Organic Law No. 40/2000 of 26/01/2001 setting up Gacaca Jurisdictions and organizing prosecutions for offences constituting the crime of genocide or crimes against humanity committed between October 1, 1990 and December 31, 1994. Government of Rwanda.
- Haskell, L. (2011). Justice compromised: The legacy of Rwanda’s community-based Gacaca courts. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2011/05/31/justice-compromised/legacy-rwandas-community-based-gacaca-courts
- Honeyman, C., Hudani, S., Tiruneh, A., Hierta, J., Chirayath, L., Iliff, A., & Meierhenrich, J. (2004). Establishing collective norms: Potentials for participatory justice in Rwanda. Peace and Conflict, 10(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac1001_1
- Human Rights Watch. (2021, May 31). Rwanda: Gacaca courts fail to deliver justice. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/05/31/rwanda-gacaca-courts-fail-deliver-justice
- Ingelaere, B. (2016). Inside Rwanda’s Gacaca courts: Seeking justice after genocide. University of Wisconsin Press.
- International Center for Transitional Justice. (2024, May 1). Thirty years on, lessons from Rwanda on transitional justice and atrocity prevention in Africa. https://www.ictj.org/latest-news/thirty-years-lessons-rwanda-transitional-justice-and-atrocity-prevention-africa
- Kimonyo, J. P. (2019). Rwanda’s popular genocide: A perfect storm. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Lemarchand, R. (2013). Rwanda: The state of research. Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence, 4, 1-29.
- Longman, T. (2009). An assessment of Rwanda’s Gacaca courts. Peace Review. A Journal of Social Justice, 21(3), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402650903099369
- Longman, T. (2019). Memory and justice in post-genocide Rwanda. Cambridge University Press.
- Mac Ginty, R. (2010). Hybrid peace: The interaction between top-down and bottom-up peace. Security Dialogue, 41(4), 391-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010610374312
- Mamdani, M. (2020). When victims become killers: Colonialism, nativism, and the genocide in Rwanda. Princeton University Press.
- Masud-Un-Nabi, M. (2021). The practice of peace journalism in the coverage of Rohingya crisis: A study on Bangladeshi newspapers. Social Communication, 7(1), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.2478/sc-2021-0010
- Melvern, L. (2020). Moral equivalence: the story of genocide denial in Rwanda. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 22(1-4), 190-198. https://doi.org/10.1163/18754112-0220104012
- Merry, S. E. (1988). Legal pluralism. Law & Society Review, 22(5), 869-896. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053638
- National Service of Gacaca Courts. (2012). Summary of the report presented at the closing of Gacaca courts activities. National Service of Gacaca Courts.
- National Unity and Reconciliation Commission. (2015). Rwanda reconciliation barometer. National Unity and Reconciliation Commission. https://www.nurc.gov.rw/fileadmin/Documents/NURC_Publications/Rwanda_Reconciliation_Barometer_2015.pdf
- Penal Reform International. (2009). Final monitoring and research report on the Gacaca process. https://www.penalreform.org/resource/final-monitoring-research-report-gacaca-process/
- Pozen, J., Neugebauer, R., & Ntaganira, J. (2014). Assessing the Rwanda experiment:
- Popular perceptions of Gacaca in its final phase. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 8(1), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijt029
- Prunier, G. (2018). The Rwanda crisis: History of a genocide. Routledge.
- Rettig, M. (2008). Gacaca: Truth, justice, and reconciliation in post-conflict Rwanda?. African Studies Review, 51(3), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0091
- Reyntjens, F. (2018). Understanding Rwandan politics through the longue durée: From the precolonial to the post-genocide era. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 12(3), 514-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2018.1462985
- Rwanda. (2003). The Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda. Staub, E. (2014). The challenging road to reconciliation in Rwanda: Societal processes, interventions and their evaluation. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2(1), 505-517. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.294
- Straus, S. (2019). The order of genocide: Race, power, and war in Rwanda. Cornell University Press.
- Straus, S. (2020). Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines. In The Holocaust: An encyclopedia and document collection (Vol. 4, p. 543). ABC-CLIO.
- Teitel, R. (2000). Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press.
- Waldorf, L. (2006). Mass justice for mass atrocity: Rethinking local justice as transitional justice. Temple Law Review, 79(1), 1-87.
- Waldorf, L. (2020). Transitional justice and DDR: The case of Rwanda. International Center for Transitional Justice, 19. https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-DDR-Rwanda-CaseStudy-2009-English.pdf
- Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.