References
- 1. Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(5): 373384.10.1038/ni.186320404851
- 2. Loganathan R, Nazeer M, Goda V, Devaraju P, Ali M, Karunakaran P, et al. Genetic variants of TLR4 and TLR9 are risk factors for chronic Helicobacter pylori infection in South Indian tamils. Hun Immunoy. 2017;78(2):216220.10.1016/j.humimm.2016.12.00227993530
- 3. Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(10):987995.10.1038/ni111215454922
- 4. So WY and Ouchi T. The application of Toll like receptors for cancer therapy. Int J Biol Sci. 2010;6(7):675681.
- 5. Wang Q, Zhang X, Xiao T, Pan C, Liu X, Zhao Y. Prognostic role of Toll-like receptors in cancer: a meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:1323330.10.2147/TCRM.S171341607164430104878
- 6. González-Reyes S, Marín L, González L, González LO, del Casar JM, Lamelas ML, et al. Study of TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 in breast carcinomas and their association with metastasis. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:665.10.1186/1471-2407-10-665300968021129170
- 7. Mesri EA, Feitelson MA, Munger K. Human viral oncogenesis: a cancer hallmarks analysis. Cell Host Microbe. 2014;15(3):266–82.10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.011399224324629334
- 8. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69–90.10.3322/caac.2010721296855
- 9. Zauner L, Nadal D. Understanding TLR9 action in Epstein-Barr virus infection. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed).2012;17:1219–31.10.2741/398222201799
- 10. Tsao SW, Tsang CM, To KF, Lo KW. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in epithelial malignancies. J Pathol. 2015;235(2):323333.10.1002/path.4448428067625251730
- 11. Liu S, Wang X, Shi Y, Han L, Zhao Z, Zhao Cd at al. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus-associated and -negative gastric carcinoma in Northern China. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(2):95–103.10.4103/1319-3767.153832439258225843196
- 12. Tobouti PL, Bolt R, Radhakrishnan R, Machado de Sousa SCOd Hunter KD. Altered Toll-like receptor expression and function in HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2018;9(1):236248.10.18632/oncotarget.18959578746129416610
- 13. Rickinson AB. Co-infections, inflammation and oncogenesis: future directions for EBV research. Semin Cancer Biol. 2014;26:99–115.10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.04.00424751797
- 14. Ruuskanen M, Leivo I, Minn H, Vahlberg T, Haglund C, Hagström J, et al. Expression of toll-like receptors in non-endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):624.10.1186/s12885-019-5816-9659360231238894
- 15. Aggarwal R, Misra S, Guleria C, Suri V, Mangat N, Sharma M, et al. Characterization of Toll-like receptor transcriptome in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix: a case-control study. Gynecol Oncol. 2015;138(2):358–62.10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.02926024767
- 16. Rich AM, Hussaini HM, Parachuru VPB, and Seymour GJ. Toll-like receptors and cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma. Fronn Immunol. 2014;5:464.10.3389/fimmu.2014.00464417411625309546
- 17. Shi Y, Peng SL, Yang LF, Chen X, Tao YG, Cao Y. Co-infection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in human tumorigenesis. Chin J Cancer. 2016;35:16.10.1186/s40880-016-0079-1472412326801987
- 18. Sharma U, Singhal P, Bandil K, Patle R, Kumar A, Neyaz KD et al. Genetic variations of TLRs and their association with HPV/EBV, co-infection along with nicotine exposure in the development of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity in Indian population. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;61:38–49.10.1016/j.canep.2019.05.00331129425
- 19. Barros MR, de Oliveira THA, de Melo CML, Venuti Ad de Freitas AC. Viral Modulation of TLRs and Cytokines and the Related Immunotherapies for HPV-Associated Cancers. J Immunol Res. 2018.10.1155/2018/2912671595492129854832
- 20. Smith M, García-Martínez E, Pitter M, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel Ld et al. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer immunotherapy. OncoImmunology. 2018;7(12):1–15.10.1080/2162402X.2018.1526250627932530524908