j_cejpp-2025-0001_tab_006
| Construct | Measurement | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Perceptions of justice (PJ) | Assessment of youth perceptions regarding the effectiveness and fairness of the justice system | Fine et al. (2020); Brisman (2022); Cavanagh et al. (2022) |
| Agency coordination (AC) | Evaluation of the effectiveness of coordination among various agencies in addressing youth crime issues | Cobbina et al. (2020); Case et al. (2020) |
| Policy alignment (PA) | Analysis of how well youth crime and justice policies align with broader societal priorities | Barretto et al. (2018); Aizpurua et al. (2020) |
| Government role (GR) | Measurement of the government’s role in promoting effective youth crime prevention and justice strategies | Harris & Jones (2020); Duke et al. (2020) |
| Framework improvement (FI) | Identification of specific areas within youth justice frameworks that need enhancement to better address community needs | Laberge et al. (2024); Vendetti (2012) |
j_cejpp-2025-0001_tab_007
| Statement | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Communication between agencies involved in youth justice is strong” | |||||
| “Collaborative efforts between agencies help reduce youth crime” | |||||
| “I see agencies sharing information about youth crime effectively” | |||||
| “There are regular meetings between agencies to discuss youth crime issues” | |||||
| “Youth justice policies reflect the needs of the community” | |||||
| “Policies on youth crime are in line with broader social goals” | |||||
| “I believe that youth justice policies are effective in addressing youth issues” | |||||
| “The policies consider the perspectives of young people” | |||||
| “There is consistency in policies related to youth justice” | |||||
| “Youth justice policies are regularly reviewed and updated” | |||||
| “The government plays an active role in promoting youth justice initiatives” | |||||
| “I feel the government adequately supports programs for at-risk youth” | |||||
| “There is sufficient oversight of youth justice policies by the government” | |||||
| “Government agencies are responsive to the needs of youth in the justice system” | |||||
| “I trust that the government prioritizes youth safety in its policies” | |||||
| “Government funding is sufficient for effective youth crime prevention programs” | |||||
| “The current youth justice framework effectively addresses youth needs” | |||||
| “There are clear areas in the youth justice system that require improvement” | |||||
| “I believe that enhancing the youth justice framework would improve outcomes for youth” | |||||
| “Feedback from youth is actively sought to improve the justice framework” | |||||
| “I feel that the framework is flexible enough to adapt to changing youth issues” | |||||
| “Ongoing training for professionals in the youth justice system is necessary” | |||||
| “Communication between agencies involved in youth justice is strong” | |||||
| “Collaborative efforts between agencies help reduce youth crime” | |||||
| “I see agencies sharing information about youth crime effectively” | |||||
| “There are regular meetings between agencies to discuss youth crime issues” | |||||
| “Youth justice policies reflect the needs of the community” | |||||
| “Policies on youth crime are in line with broader social goals” | |||||
| “I believe that youth justice policies are effective in addressing youth issues” | |||||
| “The policies consider the perspectives of young people” |
Demographic Study of the Respondents_
| Variables of demographics | Grouping | Number of people who responded | Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 180 | 53.57% |
| Female | 156 | 46.43% | |
| Age | 20–30 | 100 | 29.76% |
| 31–40 | 120 | 35.71% | |
| 41–50 | 85 | 25.30% | |
| 51 and above | 31 | 9.24% | |
| Experience | Less than 5 years | 90 | 26.79% |
| 5–10 years | 140 | 41.67% | |
| 11–20 years | 85 | 25.30% | |
| More than 20 years | 21 | 6.25% | |
| Youth position level | Junior youth | 120 | 35.71% |
| Mid-level youth | 115 | 34.21% | |
| Senior youth | 76 | 22.62% | |
| Executive youth | 25 | 7.46% | |
| Crime and justice awareness | Familiar with crime policies | Yes | 70.54% |
| Involved in crime initiatives | Yes | 50.30% | |
| Received crime awareness training | Yes | 60.71% | |
| Utilizes crime prevention strategies | Yes | 45.54% |
Descriptive Analysis_
| Construct | Item | Mean | SD | Median | Mode | VIP | Cronbach’s α |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceptions of justice | PJ1 | 3.55 | 0.54 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.88 |
| PJ2 | 3.5 | 0.56 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.17 | 0.85 | |
| PJ3 | 3.65 | 0.51 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.22 | 0.9 | |
| PJ4 | 3.45 | 0.59 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 1.18 | 0.73 | |
| PJ5 | 3.6 | 0.52 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.21 | 0.84 | |
| PJ6 | 3.55 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.19 | 0.82 | |
| Agency coordination | AC1 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.21 | 0.89 |
| AC2 | 3.5 | 0.55 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.85 | |
| AC3 | 3.45 | 0.57 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.19 | 0.75 | |
| AC4 | 3.55 | 0.53 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.24 | 0.76 | |
| AC5 | 3.65 | 0.52 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.22 | 0.82 | |
| AC6 | 3.5 | 0.54 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.78 | |
| Policy alignment | PA1 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.18 | 0.86 |
| PA2 | 3.5 | 0.54 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.74 | |
| PA3 | 3.65 | 0.52 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.21 | 0.72 | |
| PA4 | 3.55 | 0.55 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.19 | 0.73 | |
| PA5 | 3.6 | 0.51 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.22 | 0.7 | |
| PA6 | 3.55 | 0.53 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.18 | 0.69 | |
| Government role | GR1 | 3.7 | 0.52 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 1.22 | 0.88 |
| GR2 | 3.6 | 0.54 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.21 | 0.84 | |
| GR3 | 3.5 | 0.53 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.76 | |
| GR4 | 3.65 | 0.55 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.23 | 0.75 | |
| GR5 | 3.55 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.18 | 0.77 | |
| GR6 | 3.6 | 0.52 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.21 | 0.8 | |
| Framework improvement | FI1 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 1.25 | 0.87 |
| FI2 | 3.75 | 0.52 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 1.23 | 0.83 | |
| FI3 | 3.85 | 0.54 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 1.26 | 0.81 | |
| FI4 | 3.9 | 0.55 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.28 | 0.79 | |
| FI5 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 1.25 | 0.82 | |
| FI6 | 3.85 | 0.53 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 1.27 | 0.81 |
Matrix of Correlation_
| Constructs | PJ | AC | PA | GR | FI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceptions of justice (PJ) | 1 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.7 |
| Agency coordination (AC) | 0.72 | 1 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.66 |
| Policy alignment (PA) | 0.68 | 0.62 | 1 | 0.64 | 0.6 |
| Government role (GR) | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.64 | 1 | 0.67 |
| Framework improvement (FI) | 0.7 | 0.66 | 0.6 | 0.67 | 1 |
Comparative Study of Youths’ Perspectives on Justice and Crime Systems_
| Factors | Current perceptions of youth regarding crime and justice (%) | Effectiveness of coordination between agencies (%) | Alignment of crime policies with national priorities (%) | Perceived role of governmental bodies (%) | Key areas identified for improving frameworks (%) | Trust in law enforcement agencies (%) | Awareness of crime prevention programs (%) | Satisfaction with the justice system (%) | Impact of social media on perceptions of crime (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries | ||||||||||
| Middle Eastern countries | Jordan | 45% Positive | 50% Effective | 55% Aligned | 40% Supportive | 70% Safety and security | 50% Trust | 55% Aware | 45% Satisfied | 65% Significant |
| Egypt | 50% Positive | 45% Effective | 50% Aligned | 35% Supportive | 60% Awareness | 40% Trust | 50% Aware | 40% Satisfied | 60% Significant | |
| Lebanon | 55% Positive | 55% Effective | 60% Aligned | 45% Supportive | 65% Rehabilitation | 55% Trust | 60% Aware | 50% Satisfied | 70% Significant | |
| Iraq | 40% Positive | 40% Effective | 45% Aligned | 30% Supportive | 65% Safety and security | 45% Trust | 50% Aware | 35% Satisfied | 60% Significant | |
| UAE | 55% Positive | 65% Effective | 70% Aligned | 50% Supportive | 75% Safety and security | 60% Trust | 70% Aware | 55% Satisfied | 68% Significant | |
| European countries | Germany | 70% Positive | 80% Effective | 85% Aligned | 90% Supportive | 85% Rehabilitation | 75% Trust | 80% Aware | 75% Satisfied | 50% Significant |
| France | 75% Positive | 75% Effective | 80% Aligned | 85% Supportive | 80% Prevention | 70% Trust | 85% Aware | 70% Satisfied | 55% Significant | |
| Sweden | 80% Positive | 90% Effective | 90% Aligned | 95% Supportive | 90% Safety and security | 80% Trust | 90% Aware | 80% Satisfied | 60% Significant | |
| UK | 65% Positive | 75% Effective | 80% Aligned | 85% Supportive | 75% Rehabilitation | 75% Trust | 80% Aware | 70% Satisfied | 50% Significant | |
| Italy | 70% Positive | 70% Effective | 75% Aligned | 80% Supportive | 75% Prevention | 60% Trust | 75% Aware | 65% Satisfied | 55% Significant | |
| North American countries | USA | 60% Positive | 75% Effective | 70% Aligned | 80% Supportive | 75% Prevention | 65% Trust | 70% Aware | 65% Satisfied | 70% Significant |
| Canada | 65% Positive | 80% Effective | 75% Aligned | 85% Supportive | 80% Awareness | 70% Trust | 75% Aware | 70% Satisfied | 65% Significant | |
| Asian countries | Japan | 55% Positive | 65% Effective | 60% Aligned | 70% Supportive | 65% Rehabilitation | 55% Trust | 60% Aware | 55% Satisfied | 60% Significant |
| India | 60% Positive | 50% Effective | 55% Aligned | 60% Supportive | 70% Safety and security | 50% Trust | 55% Aware | 50% Satisfied | 55% Significant | |
| South Korea | 70% Positive | 75% Effective | 65% Aligned | 75% Supportive | 80% Awareness | 65% Trust | 70% Aware | 75% Satisfied | 62% Significant | |
| Indonesia | 65% Positive | 60% Effective | 60% Aligned | 70% Supportive | 70% Safety and security | 55% Trust | 65% Aware | 60% Satisfied | 58% Significant | |
t-Test Study on Youths’ Perspective of Justice and Crime_
| Questions | Original sample | T-statistics | p-Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| What are the current perceptions of youth regarding crime and justice in Jordan? | 0.82 | 14.5 | 0.001 |
| How effectively do youth perceive the coordination between various agencies in addressing crime and justice issues? | 0.75 | 10.8 | 0.000 |
| To what extent do youth believe that crime policies align with broader national priorities and social needs? | 0.79 | 12.2 | 0.002 |
| What role do youth see for governmental bodies in promoting democratic governance and accountability in the justice system? | 0.81 | 15.4 | 0.002 |
| What key areas do youth identify for improving crime and justice frameworks to enhance safety and security in Jordan? | 0.77 | 9.7 | 0.000 |