Tab. 1
Summary of Coding Procedure
| Concepts to be operationalised | Data sources used | Categories (subcategories) of coding and analysis |
|---|---|---|
| Policy change | Legal documents |
|
| Advocacy coalitions in anti-corruption subsystem (actors, their belief systems) | Expert reports; secondary literature; KIIS opinion surveys; interview questions 1–4, 9, 10 |
|
| Formal legal authority of coalitions (Expectation 1) | Expert reports; secondary literature; RPR annual reports; interview questions 1, 3 |
|
| Expectation 2 Access of RPR to policy venues | RPR annual reports; reports OECD, EEAS, IMF; expert reports; secondary literature; interview questions 1, 2, 3, 4 |
|
| Expectation 2 Influence of RPR on policy | RPR roadmap for reform; RPR reports; expert reports; policy reports; secondary literature; interview questions 2, 4 |
|
Expectation 3
| RPR annual reports; reports OECD, grant agreements and reports IMF; grant agreements and reports EEAS; secondary literature; interview questions 1, 2, 3, 4 |
|
* To determine the belief system of coalitions, this research mainly draws on secondary studies. We used results of interview and surveys conducted with governmental and nongovernmental actors published in Zaloznaya et al. (2018) and Grødeland (2010), as well as surveys on corruption by the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS, 2015, 2018), and expert reports (De Waal, 2016; Marusov, 2015).
Tab. 2
Coalitions in the Ukrainian anti-corruption sub-system before and after the Maidan
| Before the Maidan | ||
| Reform coalition | Status quo coalition | |
| Actors | Parties: Batkivshchyna, UDAR Non-governmental organizations International organisations and donors | President Yanukovych Prime Minister Azarov Majority of parliamentarians Parties: Party of Regions, Communist Party, Russian Block Majority of civil servants |
| After the Maidan | ||
| Reform coalition | Status quo coalition | |
| Actors | President Poroshenko, Prime Minister Yatsenyuk Parties: Bloc Petro Poroshenko, People's Front, Self Reliance, Batkivshchyna Majority of parliamentarians National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine Public Prosecutor Office Non-governmental organisations (including RPR and their members) International organisations and donors | Opposition Bloc party Part of the judiciary system Part of civil servants |
| Believe system | Deep core beliefs: Pro-Western sentiments Democratisation as a priority Policy core beliefs: Corruption is systemic Anti-corruption needs deep reforms Secondary beliefs: Focus on enforcement and rapid implementation of changes | Deep core beliefs: Anti-Western sentiments Stability as priority Policy core beliefs: Corruption is not a systemic problem Corruption is needed to operate businesses Fighting corruption is not a priority Secondary beliefs: Policy changes should not be implemented hastily |