Figure 1a.
Figure 1b.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Summary of research results_
| No. | Analysed dependence | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Knowledge of the assumptions of the circular economy concept and the nationality and generation of the respondent | Generations X and Z from Albania indicated the answer variant: “No, I have never heard that sentence before.” |
| 2. | The variants of the respondents’ answers to the question „Which of the following terms do you most associate with the term ‘circular economy’”, and nationality and generation | „Includes sharing, renting, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products” |
| 3. | The place of purchase of used products respondents’ and nationality and generation | Consumers from Poland (born: 1965 – 2012) prefer OLX and Vinted as a place to buy second-hand goods. Consumers from Albania (all generations) most often indicated the answer option “Other.” The distribution of answers of respondents from Portugal did not clearly indicate preferred shopping place. |
| 4. | Types of second-hand goods and the nationality and generation of respondents | Consumers represented by Portuguese generation Z and Polish generation X mainly purchase clothes. Polish generation Z and baby boomers tend to buy used computers and laptops. |
Row and column coordinates and contribution to inertia for country, generation and “Where do you most often buy used products?” Source: own elaboration_
| Row and column coordinates | Aggregate statistics for row and column points | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rows | |||||
| Row | Dimension1 | Dimension2 | Mass | Quality | |
| Albania 1995 to 2012 | 1.000 | −1.314 | −0.375 | 0.071 | 0.907 |
| Albania 1980 to 1994 | 2.000 | −1.196 | −0.006 | 0.071 | 0.929 |
| Albania 1965 to 1979 | 3.000 | −0.973 | −0.162 | 0.036 | 0.873 |
| Albania Before 1965 | 4.000 | −1.365 | 0.300 | 0.014 | 0.948 |
| Poland 1995 to 2012 | 5.000 | 0.543 | −0.128 | 0.482 | 0.997 |
| Poland 1980 to 1994 | 6.000 | 0.616 | 0.261 | 0.024 | 0.890 |
| Poland 1965 to 1979 | 7.000 | 0.630 | 0.278 | 0.020 | 0.817 |
| Poland Before 1965 | 8.000 | 0.617 | 1.151 | 0.004 | 0.840 |
| Portugal 1995 to 2012 | 9.000 | −0.347 | 0.233 | 0.061 | 0.960 |
| Portugal 1980 to 1994 | 10.000 | 0.085 | 0.450 | 0.057 | 0.929 |
| Portugal 1965 to 1979 | 11.000 | −0.259 | 0.191 | 0.140 | 0.885 |
| Portugal Before 1965 | 12.000 | −0.337 | 0.363 | 0.020 | 0.998 |
| Columns | |||||
| Other | 1.000 | −1.156 | 0.036 | 0.245 | 0.997 |
| Vinted | 2.000 | 0.322 | −0.181 | 0.370 | 0.936 |
| OLX | 3.000 | 0.420 | 0.261 | 0.330 | 0.963 |
| Wallapop | 4.000 | −1.073 | −0.939 | 0.010 | 0.457 |
| Allegro | 5.000 | 0.808 | −0.390 | 0.040 | 0.888 |
| 6.000 | 0.797 | −0.566 | 0.004 | 0.888 | |
Row and column coordinates and contribution to inertia for country, generation and “What used products do you buy most often?” Source: own elaboration_
| Row and column coordinates | Aggregate statistics for row and column points | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rows | |||||
| Row | Dimension1 | Dimension2 | Mass | Quality | |
| Albania 1995 to 2012 | 1 | −0.191849 | 0.534824 | 0.070707 | 0.472894 |
| Albania 1980 to 1994 | 2 | 0.051960 | 0.706800 | 0.070707 | 0.708095 |
| Albania 1965 to 1979 | 3 | −0.584115 | −0.220138 | 0.036364 | 0.545227 |
| Albania Before 1965 | 4 | −1.198459 | −0.272782 | 0.014141 | 0.733096 |
| Poland 1995 to 2012 | 5 | 0.307759 | −0.124694 | 0.480808 | 0.974455 |
| Poland 1980 to 1994 | 6 | 0.090776 | 0.303964 | 0.024242 | 0.251457 |
| Poland 1965 to 1979 | 7 | 0.095099 | −0.000663 | 0.020202 | 0.014137 |
| Poland Before 1965 | 8 | 0.431796 | −0.107556 | 0.004040 | 0.352646 |
| Portugal 1995 to 2012 | 9 | −0.023527 | 0.001238 | 0.062626 | 0.004099 |
| Portugal 1980 to 1994 | 10 | −0.259301 | −0.288581 | 0.056566 | 0.359246 |
| Portugal 1965 to 1979 | 11 | −0.452911 | 0.003187 | 0.139394 | 0.461722 |
| Portugal Before 1965 | 12 | −1.311056 | −0.351163 | 0.020202 | 0.778023 |
| Columns | |||||
| Other | 1 | −1.35968 | −0.221362 | 0.038384 | 0.823015 |
| Clothing | 2 | 0.16687 | −0.029520 | 0.640404 | 0.847949 |
| Books | 3 | −0.22194 | 0.454150 | 0.074747 | 0.365518 |
| Footwear | 4 | −0.31252 | 0.955384 | 0.024242 | 0.575607 |
| Household goods (e.g., toasters) | 5 | −0.55651 | 0.519437 | 0.026263 | 0.323437 |
| Furnishings of the apartment | 6 | −0.80131 | −0.446938 | 0.054545 | 0.820918 |
| Phones | 7 | 0.14480 | 1.356521 | 0.006061 | 0.783974 |
| Computers & Laptops | 8 | 0.39371 | −0.142679 | 0.026263 | 0.248796 |
| RTV equipment (Cooperation radio and television) | 9 | 0.08642 | −0.190468 | 0.098990 | 0.188273 |
| Sports equipment | 10 | 0.79637 | −0.454325 | 0.004040 | 0.778476 |
| Games | 11 | 0.79637 | −0.454325 | 0.002020 | 0.778476 |
| Car accessories | 12 | 0.79637 | −0.454325 | 0.002020 | 0.778476 |
| Auto | 13 | 0.79637 | −0.454325 | 0.002020 | 0.778476 |
Row and column coordinates and contribution to inertia for country, generation and knowledge for the question “Which of the following terms do you associate most with the term ‘circular economy’?”_ Source: own elaboration_
| Row and column coordinates | Aggregate statistics for row and column points | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rows | |||||
| Row | Dimension1 | Dimension2 | Mass | Quality | |
| Albania 1995 to 2012 | 1 | −0.183 | 0.139 | 0.072 | 0.873 |
| Albania 1980 to 1994 | 2 | −0.277 | 0.244 | 0.072 | 0.988 |
| Albania 1965 to 1979 | 3 | 0.039 | 0.571 | 0.037 | 0.991 |
| Albania Before 1965 | 4 | 0.316 | 0.446 | 0.014 | 0.862 |
| Poland 1995 to 2012 | 5 | 0.124 | −0.047 | 0.488 | 0.962 |
| Poland 1980 to 1994 | 6 | 0.072 | −0.241 | 0.025 | 1.000 |
| Poland 1965 to 1979 | 7 | 0.622 | −0.170 | 0.020 | 0.689 |
| Poland Before 1965 | 8 | −0.256 | −0.427 | 0.004 | 0.560 |
| Portugal 1995 to 2012 | 9 | −0.365 | 0.075 | 0.055 | 0.998 |
| Portugal 1980 to 1994 | 10 | −0.369 | 0.094 | 0.053 | 1.000 |
| Portugal 1965 to 1979 | 11 | −0.158 | −0.275 | 0.139 | 0.879 |
| Portugal Before 1965 | 12 | 0.725 | 0.414 | 0.020 | 0.722 |
| Columns | |||||
| Providing consumers with more durable products that will provide savings and a better quality of life | 1 | −0.269 | 0.294 | 0.148 | 0.835 |
| Includes sharing, renting, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and product | 2 | −0.060 | −0.085 | 0.693 | 0.798 |
| Actions that can lead to a reduction in waste | 3 | 0.511 | 0.332 | 0.111 | 0.985 |
| Activities that may lead to reductions in total annual greenhouse gas emissions | 4 | 0.496 | −0.436 | 0.049 | 0.759 |
Correspondence analysis operation diagram (Trzęsiok, 2016)
| 1 | Creation of a correspondence matrix based on the contingency table, i.e., a relative frequency matrix |
| 2 | Transform columns and mailing matrix rows separately to get points (called row and column profiles) that represent the categories of nonmetric variables being studied |
| 3 | Finding a space with a smaller dimension and projecting into it (with possible rotation) points (profiles) obtained in point 2. The choice of space, as well as its rotation, is made in such a way that the loss of information contained in the original data is as small as possible |
| 4 | Creation of a perception map – a graphical presentation of the relationships between the categories of variables studied |
| 5 | Inference of dependencies and interpretation of results |
Row and column coordinates and contribution to inertia for country, generation and knowledge of the question: “Have you come across the concept of the circular economy?”_ Source: own elaboration
| Row and column coordinates | Aggregate statistics for row and column points | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rows | |||||
| Row | Dimension1 | Dimension2 | Mass | Quality | |
| Albania 1995 to 2012 | 1 | −0.487 | −0.060 | 0.071 | 1.000 |
| Albania 1980 to 1994 | 2 | −0.233 | −0.319 | 0.071 | 1.000 |
| Albania 1965 to 1979 | 3 | −0.513 | −0.129 | 0.036 | 1.000 |
| Albania Before 1965 | 4 | 0.258 | −0.347 | 0.014 | 1.000 |
| Poland 1995 to 2012 | 5 | 0.085 | 0.063 | 0.481 | 1.000 |
| Poland 1980 to 1994 | 6 | 0.360 | −0.100 | 0.024 | 1.000 |
| Poland 1965 to 1979 | 7 | −0.229 | 0.256 | 0.020 | 1.000 |
| Poland Before 1965 | 8 | −0.548 | −0.708 | 0.004 | 1.000 |
| Portugal 1995 to 2012 | 9 | −0.446 | 0.288 | 0.063 | 1.000 |
| Portugal 1980 to 1994 | 10 | 0.345 | 0.158 | 0.057 | 1.000 |
| Portugal 1965 to 1979 | 11 | 0.255 | −0.153 | 0.139 | 1.000 |
| Portugal Before 1965 | 12 | −0.190 | 0.032 | 0.020 | 1.000 |
| Columns | |||||
| “Yes, I know what the circular economy is” | 1 | 0.193 | −0.174 | 0.364 | 1.000 |
| “No, I’ve never heard that phrase before” | 2 | −0.481 | −0.050 | 0.224 | 1.000 |
| “I don’t know exactly what's going on” | 3 | 0.091 | 0.181 | 0.412 | 1.000 |