ARDL short-run estimation results
| Equation model | GDPt | YTAXt | TGSt | FDIt | INFt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDPt | - | −0.00011* | 0.00009* | −0.3355 | −8.64e-10 | ||||
| GDPt−1 | −1.1181* | - | - | - | - | ||||
| YTAXt | −309.34* | - | 0.9021* | −2122.15 | 3.24e-06 | ||||
| YTAXt−1 | - | 0.9178* | - | - | - | ||||
| TGSt | - | 1.1427* | - | 2800.89 | 5.91e-06 | ||||
| TGSt−1 | - | - | −0.2333 | - | - | ||||
| FDIt | - | 0.00015** | −0.00021 | - | 3.44e-09 | ||||
| FDIt−1 | −0.5379* | - | - | 0.5181 | - | ||||
| INFt | −9381.882 | 7918.4*** | -3.53e+07 | - | |||||
| INFt−1 | − | - | - | 0.4865 | |||||
| ECMt−1 | −0.5782* | −0.8717* | −0.5131** | −0.5228** | |||||
| Diagnostic tests | T | Prob | T | Prob | T | Prob | T | Prob | T Prob |
| Dwatson | d=2.4080 | d=2.4080 | d=2.4080 | d=2.4080 | d=2.4080 | ||||
| BGodfrey | 1.929 | 0.1649 | 0.832 | 0.3618 | 5.197 | 0.2260 | 0.455 | 0.5002 | 23.67 0.5530 |
| White test | 21 | 0.3971 | 21 | 0.3971 | 21 | 0.3971 | 21 | 0.3971 | 21 0.3971 |
Cointegration test results
| Equation model | F stat. | AIC lag length criteria | Bound critical values | Decisions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I(0) | I(1) | ||||
| FGDP (YTAX,TGS, FDI, DI, INF) | 43.944* | (2, 2, 0, 2,2,2) | 2.26 | 3.35 | Cointegrated |
| FYTAX (GDP,TGS, FDI, DI, INF) | 11.949* | (2, 2, 0, 2,2,2) | 2.26 | 3.35 | Cointegrated |
| FTGS (GDP,YTAX, FDI, DI, INF) | 13.629* | (2, 2, 2, 2,2,2) | 2.26 | 3.35 | Cointegrated |
| FFDI (GDP,YTAX, TGS, DI, INF) | 4.496* | (1, 2, 2, 2,2,2) | 2.26 | 3.35 | Cointegrated |
| FDI (GDP,YTAX, TGS, FDI, INF) | 2.016 | (2, 2, 0, 2,2,0) | 2.26 | 3.35 | No cointegration |
| FINF (GDP,YTAX, TGS, FDI, DI) | 3.554* | (2, 0, 0, 1,2,0) | 2.26 | 3.35 | Cointegrated |
Granger causality test results
| Dependent variable | c2-statistics | Direction of causality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔGDP | ΔYTAX | ΔTGS | ΔFDI | ΔDI | ΔINF | ||
| ΔGDP | - | 3.1529 | 14.097* | 0.2417 | 34.03** | 12.7* | ΔTGS → ΔGDP |
| ΔDI → ΔGDP | |||||||
| ΔINF → ΔGDP | |||||||
| ΔYTAX | 2.6375 | - | 0.4284 | 0.3065 | 3.2138 | 0.534 | |
| ΔTGS | 6.515** | 18.271* | - | 11.23* | 23.589* | 1.119 | ΔGDP → ΔTGS |
| ΔYTAX → ΔTGS | |||||||
| ΔFDI → ΔTGS | |||||||
| ΔDI → ΔTGS | |||||||
| ΔFDI | 2.1306 | 6.650** | 2.9373 | - | 16.706* | 8.4** | ΔYTAX → ΔFDI |
| ΔDI → ΔFDI | |||||||
| ΔINF → ΔFDI | |||||||
| Δ DI | 16.263* | 1.2518 | 2.9657 | 7.85** | - | 1.365 | ΔGDP → ΔDI |
| ΔFDI → ΔDI | |||||||
| ΔINF | 4.5416 | 0.01002 | 0.8330 | 3.6530 | 1.8359 | - | |
Unit root test results (variables at first difference)
| Series | ADF-Fisher chi-square | PP-Fisher chi-square | Equation specification | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t statistic | Probability | t statistic | Probability | ||
| GDP | 1.644 | 0.0000 | 2.227 | 0.0000 | Intercept |
| YTAX | −1.782 | 0.0004 | −3.572 | 0.0003 | Intercept |
| TGS | −0.750 | 0.0002 | −1.667 | 0.0002 | Intercept |
| FDI | −4.284 | 0.0000 | −8.030 | 0.0000 | Intercept |
| DI | −4.745 | 0.0107 | −4.529 | 0.0074 | Intercept |
| INF | −5.776 | 0.0000 | −6.328 | 0.0000 | Intercept |
Unit root test results (variables at level)
| Series | ADF-Fisher chi-square | PP-Fisher chi-square | Equation specification | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t statistic | Probability | t statistic | Probability | ||
| DP | 3.389 | 0.0155 | 10.555 | 0.0062 | Intercept |
| YTAX | 2.012 | 0.6730 | 2.407 | 0.5377 | Intercept |
| TGS | 1.617 | 0.7587 | 5.256 | 0.6943 | Intercept |
| FDI | −1.267 | 0.0765 | −1.473 | 0.1025 | Intercept |
| DI | −0.464 | 0.6195 | −0.196 | 0.4117 | Intercept |
| INF | −2.963 | 0.0906 | −3.503 | 0.1208 | Intercept |
Long-run estimated coefficients
| Equation Model | GDPt | YTAXt | TGSt | FDIt | DIt | INFt | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDPt | - | −5875.75** | 12019.7* | 0.3344 | 1.087* | −9.3e+07 | 0.97 |
| YTAXt | -0.00036** | - | 1.0799* | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | −320.94 | 0.97 |
| TGSt | 0.00509* | 0.7383* | - | −0.084 | −0.0048 | 3704.50 | 0.93 |
| FDIt | 0.01440 | 718.455 | −828.099 | - | 0.1592 | −5909.04 | 0.75 |
| INFt | −7.38e-09 | −5.38e-07 | 0.000125 | −1.9e-09 | 1.2e-09 | - | 0.51 |
