Abstract
Recurrent flood disasters in West Sumatra threaten the continuity of WSS services and the achievement of SDGs. However, WSS (Water Supply System) resilience frameworks that are adapted to local contexts remain limited. This study evaluated the urban WSS resilience framework by combining the FDM (Fuzzy Delphi Method) and Thematic analysis. FDM was chosen for its strong consensus with a small panel of experts, time and cost efficiency, and ability to capture subtle differences in judgment often missed by conventional statistics. Seventeen experts from Regional-Owned Enterprises (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah, BUMD) for Drinking Water, National Disaster Management Agency, Academics, the Ministry of Public Works, and local governments assessed 12 indicators grouped into four properties (procedural, structural, organizational, and complexity). Additional variables were extracted from expert comments using thematic analysis. The results explained that the properties with the highest consensus were procedural system and structural system (89.71%), followed by organizational framework (88.73%), and system complexity (84.74%), but the organizational framework indicator obtained the highest average level of agreement (90.15%) among the others. The four indicators with the highest agreement were the existence of a flood monitoring and early warning system, flood-resistant infrastructure design and construction, WSS infrastructure protection, and safety culture in organizations. Thematic analysis added ten variables, such as governmental recovery, crisis regulation and legislation implementation, and governance and policy transformation, which highlight the important role of central and local governments in enhancing resilience. This study provides recommendations to Drinking water BUMD in enhancing its resilience through a procedural system by preparing and implementing WSP (Water safety plan) and integrating its system into an EWS (Early warning system). Central and local governments, which hold mandatory responsibilities in WSS provision, can strengthen policies and strategies for risk management. This can be achieved through crisis regulation, legislation implementation, and governance and policy transformation.