Flexural Behavior of Geopolymer RC Concrete Beams Containing Pet Waste as Sand Replacement
By:
References
- SAEED, Mustafa Adel; AL AMLI, Ali Sabah Ahmed. Structural behavior of geopolymer reinforced concrete beams: A short review. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2023, 27.1: 80-94.
- DEB, Partha Sarathi; NATH, Pradip; SARKER, Prabir Kumar. The effects of ground granulated blast-furnace slag blending with fly ash and activator content on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 2014, 62: 32-39.
- SOFI, A.; PHANIKUMAR, B. R. An experimental investigation on flexural behaviour of fibre-reinforced pond ash-modified concrete. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2015, 6.4: 1133-1142.
- AMBILY, Parukutty S., et al. Development of ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2014, 66.2: 82-89.
- KUMAR, B. Sarath Chandra; RAMESH, K.; POLURAJU, P. An experimental investigation on flexural behavior of GGBS and metakaolin based geopolymer concrete. ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2017, 12.7: 2052-2062.
- JEYASEHAR, C. Antony, et al. Development of fly ash based geopolymer precast concrete elements. 2013.
- MA, Chau-Khun; AWANG, Abdullah Zawawi; OMAR, Wahid. Structural and material performance of geopolymer concrete: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 186: 90-102.
- HARDJITO, Djwantoro; RANGAN, B. Vijaya. Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. 2005.
- CHANDRA KUMAR, B. Sarath; RAMESH, K. Analytical study on flexural behaviour of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams by ANSYS. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, 2018. p. 012065.
- RANGAN, B. Vijaya. Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. 2008.
- AL-JABAR, Ahmed J. Abed; AL-KAISY, Hanaa A.; IBRAHIM, Sarmad I. Investigating the effect of different parameters on physical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers. Engineering and Technology Journal, 2022, 40.12: 1702-1711.
- SINGH, B., et al. Geopolymer concrete: A review of some recent developments. Construction andbuilding materials, 2015, 85: 78-90.
- BAKHAREV, Tanya. Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack. Cement and concrete research, 2005, 35.4: 658-670.
- DUXSON, Peter, et al. Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art. Journal of materials science, 2007, 42: 2917-2933.
- VARGA, Gabriel. The structure of kaolinite and metakaolinite. Epitoanyag, 2007, 59.1: 6-9.
- ISLAM, Azizul, et al. The development of compressive strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag-palm oil fuel ash-fly ash based geopolymer mortar. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 2014, 56: 833-841.
- DAVIDOVITS, Joseph. Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials. Journal of Thermal Analysis and calorimetry, 1991, 37.8: 1633-1656.
- YOST, Joseph Robert, et al. Structural behavior of alkali activated fly ash concrete. Part 2: structural testing and experimental findings. Materials and structures, 2013, 46: 449-462.
- LI, Chao; SUN, Henghu; LI, Longtu. A review: The comparison between alkali-activated slag (Si+ Ca) and metakaolin (Si+ Al) cements. Cement and concrete research, 2010, 40.9: 1341-1349.
- SINGH, B., et al. Geopolymer concrete: A review of some recent developments. Construction and building materials, 2015, 85: 78-90.
- VAITKEVIČIUS, Vitoldas; ŠTUOPYS, Arminas; IVANAUSKAS, Ernestas. Preconditions for the application of petrašiūnai quarry dolomite screenings and dolomite powder in conventional and self-compacting concrete mixes. Engineering Structures and Technologies, 2010, 2.4: 138-145.
- HUSEIEN, Ghasan Fahim, et al. Utilizing spend garnets as sand replacement in alkali-activated mortars containing fly ash and GBFS. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 225: 132-145.
- VIJAI, K.; KUMUTHA, R.; VISHNURAM, B. G. Experimental investigations on mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete composites. 2011.
- KOMNITSAS, Konstantinos A. Potential of geopolymer technology towards green buildings and sustainable cities. Procedia Engineering, 2011, 21: 1023-1032.
- SANDEEP, S. Sai, et al. Effect of Molarity on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar with GGBS and Metakaoline. Technology, 2017, 8.4: 935-944.
- REDDY, K. Nagendra, et al. Effect of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution on compressive strength of metakaolin and GGBS geopolymer. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol, 2017, 8: 1905-1917.
- SOFI, M., et al. Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs). Cement and concrete research, 2007, 37.2: 251-257.
- PATIL, Suresh G. Manojkumar, factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2013, 372-375.
- VAN JAARSVELD, J. G. S.; VAN DEVENTER, Jannie SJ; LUKEY, G. C. The effect of composition and temperature on the properties of fly ash-and kaolinite-based geopolymers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2002, 89.1-3: 63-73.
- CHANG, Ee Hui. Shear and bond behaviour of reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer concrete beams. 2009. PhD Thesis. Curtin University.
- AMBILY, P. S., et al. Experimental and analytical investigations on shear behaviour of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams. International Journal of Civil & Structural Engineering, 2011, 2.2: 682-697.
- HUTAGI, Aslam; KHADIRANAIKAR, R. B. Flexural behavior of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams. In: 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT). IEEE, 2016. p. 3463-3467.
- KUMAR, B. Sarath Chandra; RAMESH, K.; POLURAJU, P. An experimental investigation on flexural behavior of GGBS and metakaolin based geopolymer concrete. ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2017, 12.7: 2052-2062.
- SRINIVAS, Ratna; KUMAR, Y. Himath; KUMAR, B. Sarath Chandra. Studies on flexural behavior of geopolymer concrete beams with GGBS. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019, 7.
- SHAALAN, M. W.; AL-SUKANI, A. Y. The Solid Waste and Spatial Variation in Amara City. Sc Thesis, Al–Mustansiriya University (In Arabic Language), 2017.
- DAWOOD, Abass Oda; ADNAN, Hamsa Mahir. Experimental investigation of using PET wastes as tension bars in reinforced concrete beams. Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences, 2019, 27.1: 247-261.
- ADNAN, Hamsa M.; DAWOOD, Abbas O. Strength behavior of reinforced concrete beam using recycle of PET wastes as synthetic fibers. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2020, 13: e00367.
- FALIH, Raad S.; DAWOOD, Abbas O.; AL-KHAZRAJI, Hayder. Structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing pet waste particles as sand replacement. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2022, 18.1: 209-220.
- PEREIRA, Erlon Lopes; DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, André Luis; FINEZA, Adonai Gomes. Optimization of mechanical properties in concrete reinforced with fibers from solid urban wastes (PET bottles) for the production of ecological concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 149: 837-848.
- FRATERNALI, Fernando, et al. Experimental study of the thermo-mechanical properties of recycled PET fiber-reinforced concrete. Composite structures, 2011, 93.9: 2368-2374.
- MEDDAH, Mohammed Seddik; BENCHEIKH, Mohamed. Properties of concrete reinforced with different kinds of industrial waste fibre materials. Construction and building materials, 2009, 23.10: 3196-3205.
- MAZAHERIPOUR, H., et al. The effect of polypropylene fibers on the properties of fresh and hardened lightweight self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 25.1: 351-358.
- SILVA, E. R.; COELHO, J. F. J.; BORDADO, J. C. Strength improvement of mortar composites reinforced with newly hybrid-blended fibres: Influence of fibres geometry and morphology. Construction and building materials, 2013, 40: 473-480.
- ASTM C989, 2010 Edition, December 15, 2010 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
- Iraqi Specifications No. (45), 1984 for Aggregates of Natural Resources used for Concrete and Construction.
- ASTM C494-99, Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2005).
- ASTM, SASO, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTMA615/A615M-09b, (2009).
- ACI Code 318-14 M, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Detroit,2014.
- HAMA, Sheelan Mahmoud. Behavior of concrete incorporating waste plastic as fine aggregate subjected to compression, impact load and bond resistance. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022, 26.8: 3372-3386.
- ABDULRAHEEM, Mustafa S., et al. Experimental investigation of fire effects on ductility and stiffness of reinforced reactive powder concrete columns under axial compression. Journal of Building Engineering, 2018, 20: 750-761.
- SULLIVAN, T. J., et al. Initial stiffness versus secant stiffness in displacement-based design. In: 13th World Conference of Earthquake Engineering (WCEE). 2004. p. 581-626.
- BURGESS, I. W.; EL-RIMAWI, J. A.; PLANK, R. J. A secant stiffness approach to the fire analysis of steel beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1988, 11.2: 105-120.
- VU, Ngoc Son; LI, Bing; BEYER, Katrin. Effective stiffness of reinforced concrete coupling beams. Engineering Structures, 2014, 76: 371-382.
- ZENG, Jun-Jie, et al. Behavior of partially and fully FRP-confined circularized square columns under axial compression. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 152: 319-332.
- JAIN, Saumitra; CHELLAPANDIAN, M.; PRAKASH, S. Suriya. Emergency repair of severely damaged reinforced concrete column elements under axial compression: An experimental study. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 155: 751-761.
- Mahmood, Duaa A., Abbas O. Dawood, and Hayder Al-Khazraji. “Flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams of concrete containing iron filings as partial sand replacement.” AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2864. No. 1. AIP Publishing, 2024.
- DAWOOD, Abbas; ADNAN, Hamsa Mahir. Mechanical Properties of Concrete Contained Recycled PVC Additives. Misan Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2022, 1.1: 1-15.
- ADNAN, Hamsa Mahir; DAWOOD, Abbas Oda. Recycling of plastic box waste in the concrete mixture as a percentage of fine aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 284: 122666.
- DAWOOD, Abbas, et al. Shear behaviour of reinforced-concrete beams incorporating iron filings as sand replacement. Advances in Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2023, 14.27: 80-96.
- ADNAN, Hamsa M.; DAWOOD, Abbas O. Strength behavior of reinforced concrete beam using recycle of PET wastes as synthetic fibers. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2020, 13: e00367.
- NAKAMURA¹, Hikaru; HIGAI¹, Takeshi. Compressive fracture energy and fracture zone length of concrete. Modeling of inelastic behavior of RC structures under seismic loads, 2001, 471.
- GAGG, Colin R. Cement and concrete as an engineering material: An historic appraisal and case study analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2014, 40: 114-140.
- LIN, Yuanzheng, et al. Flexural behaviour of reinforced one-part geopolymer concrete beams. Journal of Building Engineering, 2024, 96: 110435.
- TRAN, Tung T.; PHAM, Thong M.; HAO, Hong. Experimental and analytical investigation on flexural behaviour of ambient cured geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with steel fibers. Engineering Structures, 2019, 200: 109707.
- SHAIKH, Faiz Uddin Ahmed. Mechanical properties of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber-reinforced fly ash geopolymer and fly ash-slag-blended geopolymer composites. In: Composite Materials. Elsevier, 2021. p. 265-284.
- SULYMAN, Mohamed; HAPONIUK, Jozef; FORMELA, Kryzysztof. Utilization of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in engineering materials: a review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2016, 7.2: 100.
- TAWFEEQ, Wadhah M., et al. Flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams made by using recycled block aggregates and fibers. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2021, 6: 1-13.
- PHOO-NGERNKHAM, Tanakorn, et al. Flexural strength of notched concrete beam filled with alkali-activated binders under different types of alkali solutions. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 127: 673-678.
- GERGES, Nagib N., et al. Flexural capacity of eco-friendly reinforced concrete beams. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13.1: 20142.
- JAHAMI, Ali; ISSA, Camille A. An Updated Review on the Effect of CFRP on Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 2024, 18.1: 14.
- ABUSHANAB, Abdelrahman; ALNAHHAL, Wael. Flexural Capacity of Sustainable RC Beams Manufactured with Treated Wastewater, RCA, and Fly Ash. In: International Symposium of the International Federation for Structural Concrete. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. p. 1226-1232.
- NEMEC, Jiri, et al. Properties of Selected Alkali-activated Materials for Sustainable development. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2024, 20.1: 307-318.
- MARCALIKOVA, Zuzana, et al. Mechanical Properties, Workability, and Experiments of Reinforced Composite Beams with Alternative Binder and Aggregate. Buildings, 2024, 14.7: 2142.
Language: English
Page range: 182 - 205
Published on: Mar 17, 2025
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2025 Noor Shakir, Abbas Dawood, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.